Pharm Exam 3

Question 1

*Sympathomimetic Catechomine

Answer 1

• epinephrine (Adrenaline)
• minic SNS activation on the heart and circulation
• Used to increasse BP by stimulating heart, vasoconstriciton
• Forces vasoconstriction that stop dropping BP
• Airways relax and improves breathing
• Decrease swelling in skin and stops itching
• Monitor HR

Question 2

Selective Seratanin (-tan) Receptor Agonist

Answer 2

• sumatriptan, naratriptan, almotriptan “-tan”
• Take at first sign of migrane
• causes vasoconstriction, reduce swelling, reduce pain transmission
• Avail: nasal spray, INH, supp, inj, po (takes 20-60 min_
• S/E: chest pain HTN,
• Contraindicated with ischemic heart disease
• Interacts with St Johns Wart

Question 3

Glaucoma

Answer 3

• betaxolol - “tax on weed”
• beta adrenergic blocker that reduces pressure in the eye
• monitor for HTN and bradycardia.

Question 4

Mydriatic/Cycloplegic

Answer 4

• cyclopentalate, atropine** cyclo=cyclo “my what big eyes you have”
• Dialation of eye
• Temporary paralysis, lasts 6-24 hours
• photosensitivity
• Contraindicated in glaucoma, increased IOP

Question 5

Miotic/Cholinergics

Answer 5

• pilocarpine “Mi little (picito) eye”
• constrict pupils
• decreased eye pressure by increased drainage by creating more space (pupil constriction)

Question 6

Parkinsons

Answer 6

• levodopa/carbidopa
• levodopa converts into dopamine and carbidopa transports across blood brain barrier.
• Report muscle twitching, spasmatic winking immediately= early sign of overdose
• may cause dark urine standing, dark sweat

Question 7

skeletal muscle relaxant

Answer 7

• baclofen “lay back yo fine”
• reduce muscle spasm in MS
• relief of muscle spasticity
• SE drowsy, dizzy, weakness, N, HA, paresthesia of hands and feet (burning or prickling sensation)

Question 8

Thrombolytics

Answer 8

• *alteplase, urokinase
• Clot buster
• dissolution of existing VTE
• Used for treatment of CVA if within 3 hours of onset
• Extreme risk for bleeding

Question 9

Anticonvulsants

Answer 9

• phenytoin, carbamazepine, divalproex, gabentin
• to prevent seizures, bipolar, migrane HA
• do NOT stop abruptly, taper off slowly
• S/E: GI, N/V, decrease effectiveness of BC, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, leukopenia,
• Report slurred speech, blurred vision, mood/mental changes, unusual excitement/irritable,
• *phenytoin therapeutic levels= 10-20 S/E gingival hyperplasia
• gabentin used for DM nueropathy, sz, neuro pain, pain of shingles.

Question 10

Anxiolytics

Benzodiazepines (benzodiazePAMs)

Answer 10

pams and lams
alprazolam, diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam
-CNS depressant
-decreased BP, HR, RR- start with low dose
-monitor vitals, risk of low PLT, WBC, hepatotoxic
-**Flumazenil for OD “the benz flu”
-midazolam used for sedation and intubation

Question 11

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 11

edrophonium chloride (Tensilon), pyridostgmine
-Tensilon Test diagnose MG
-used to reverse effects of certain meds used to prevent muscle contractions during surgical procedures
Risk for cholinergic crisis with excessive dose.
**antidote = atropine (anticholinergic)