Main IV drugs for anesthetics?
Amobarbital, lorazepam, ketamine, propofol
Pyridoxine (B6) in doses greater than 10mg will reverse the effects of which drug?
Levodopa (anti-parkinsons)
Why should a client on Levodopa avoid chicken, nuts, fish, green beans, field salad, wheat germ and liver?
They are high in B6 which will reverse the effects of Levodopa (anti-parkinsons)
Which drug may darken a clients urine and sweat?
Levodopa (anti parkinsons)
what are the 3 catecholamine neurotransmitters?
norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine
Ventolin (albuterol sulfate) is used primarily as what?
a bronchodilator/antiasthmatic for acute bronchoconstriction or bronchospasm
What drug class is Ventolin? (albuterol sulfate)
B-adrenergic/sympathomimetic/adrenergic agonist
What are sympathomimetic side effects?
Drying effects and hypertension & tachycardia
what is the mechanism of action for adrenergic blockers? (Simple)
direct competition with Norepinephrine & epinephrine. Block SNS response.
Methyldopa, ergotamine tartrate and prazosine hydrochloride are examples of which drugs class?
Alpha-Blockers (Adrenergic Blockers)
Propanolol, atenolol, and metaprolol are examples of which drug class?
Beta blockers (adrenergic Blockers)
Cholinergic drugs mimic the effect of which neutrotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
Donepezil, bethanechol, and galantamine are examples of which drug class?
Cholinergics/Parasympathomimetics
Which drug is the antidote for cholinergics?
Atropine - a cholinergic blocker
Atropine is used to treat emergency ______?
emergency bradycardia to increase HR.
Which drug is the antidote for organophosphate poisoning?
Atropine (a cholinergic blocker)
Term: drugs that affect force or energy of muscular contraction in heart
inotropic
Term: drugs that affect rate of heartbeat
chronotropic
Term: drugs that affect conduction of electrical impulses in heart
Dromotropic
cardiac glycosides and phosphodiesterase inhibitors are example of positive _____ agents
positive inotropic agents
Digoxin is an example of which drug class?
Cardiac glycosides
What are normal K+ levels?
3.5-5.5 mmol/L
What are normal Na+ levels?
135-145 mmol/L
What is the antidote for Digoxin toxicity?
Digiband
Why should you avoid a high-fiber diet while giving digoxin?
Fiber binds with the drug making it not effective
nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate are examples of which drug class?
Nitrates (anti-anginal drugs)
Why isn’t nitroglycerine given orally PO?
Due to its large first-pass effect. Sublingual instead= no liver metabolism.
What are the 3 main side effects of Nitros?
Headache, tachycardia & postural hypotension due to vasodilation
Which drug can not be used if the client is taking Viagara?
Nitroglycerine (anti-anginal)
Why should anti-hypertensives not be stopped suddenly?
Risk of rebound hypertensive crisis
captopril, lisinopril, and ramipril are examples of which drug class?
ACE inhibitors (Anti-hypertensives)
A dry, non-productive cough is a side effect of which anti-hypertensive drug class?
ACE inhibitors. Will reverse when discontinued.
minoxidil, hydralizine, and diazoxide are examples of which drug class?
Vasodilators
Furosemide (Lasix), bumetanide and ethacrynic acid are examples of which drug class?
Loop diuretics
Amiloride, Spironolactone, Aldactone are examples from which drug class?
Potassium-sparing diuretics
What is the #1 side effect of postassium-sparing diruetics?
hyperkalemia (too much potassium)
hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) & trichlormethiazide are examples of which drug class?
Thiazide diuretics
chlorthalidone & metolazone are examples from which drug class?
Thiazide-like diuertics
Foods high in potassium include bananas, oranges, dates, raisins, plums, fresh vegetables, potatoes, meat, and fish should be consumed for which diuretics?
Thiazides and thiazide-like, loop diuretics, and osmotic diuretics. NOT potassium-sparing.
Why should Clients taking diuretics along with a digitalis preparation should be taught to monitor for digitalis toxicity?
Digoxin toxicity is made worse by hypokalemia. Diuretics promote K excretion.
Diabetic clients who are taking which diuretic classes should be told to monitor blood glucose and watch for elevated levels?
taking thiazide and/or loop diuretics
Excessive consumption of licorice can lead to an additive hypokalemia in clients taking which class of diuretics?
thiazides
K+ levels are managed by which hormone?
Aldosterone
Heparin sodium is an example of which drug class?
Anticoagulants
which drug is monitored by activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTTs)?
heparin sodium
What is the antidote to heparin sodium?
Protamine sulfate
Enoxaparin & Dalteparin are examples from which drug class?
low-molecular weight heparins
Which drug is monitored by INR (International normalization ratio)?
Warfarin
What is the antidote to warfarin?
Vitamin K
Aspirin, dipyridamole (aggrenox), pentaoxifylline (trental) are examples from which drug class?
Antiplatelet drugs
Streptokinase, urokinase, tissue plasminogen activator, anisolyated plasminogen-streptokinase activator complex (APSAC) are examples from which drug class?
Thrombolytic Drugs
Tranexamic acid & desmopressin are examples from which drug class?
Antifibrinolytics/Hemolytic drugs
What is the main purpose of hemolytic drugs?
promote clot formation
Clients should avoid foods high in vitamin K when taking which drug class?
Hemolytics/Antifibrinolytics
What is the main purpose of anticoagulants?
Prevent clot formation
What is the main purpose of anti-platelet drugs?
to inhibit platelet aggregation/plugs
What is the main purpose of thrombolytic drugs?
lyse existing clots
What is the main purpose of HMG-CaA Reductase Inhibitors or Statins?
reduced production of cholesterol
Lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, and atorvastatin are examples from which drug class?
HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors, or Statins
What is the first line drug class for lowering cholesterol?
Statins
What is the main purpose of bile acid sequestrants?
Prevent reabsorption of bile acids in the small intestine causing liver to make more bile acid out of cholesterol
Cholestyramine resin, colestipol hydrochloride, and colesevelam are examples from which drug class?
Bile acid sequestrants
What is a major side effect of bile acid sequestrants?
tinnitus
What is the main purpose of Nicotinic acid?
reduce LDLs or increase HDLs
Nicotinic acid is also which vitamin?
vitamin B3
What is the main purpose of Fibric Acid derivatives?
Lower LDL levels
Clofibrate, gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, and bezafibrate are examples from which drug class?
Fibric Acid Derivatives
Risk of gallstones and prolonged prothrombin time are side effects of which drug class?
Fibric acid derivatives
clients on long term therapy of which major drug classes might need supplemental fat-soluble vitamins? (A, D, & K)
Antilipemics
What is the main purpose of B-adenergic agonists as respiratory drugs?
to reduce airway constriction during asthma attack
What drug should be used during the acute phase of an asthma attack to restore airflow?
Ventolin (albuterol)
Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) is an inhaler from which drug class?
Anticholinergics
What is the main purpose of anticholinergics as respiratory drugs?
Prevent bronchospasm in COPD
What is the main purpose of Xanthine derivatives?
prophylactic/prevent asthma attack
Theophylline and Aminophylline are examples from which drug class?
Xanthine derivative
What is the main purpose of leukotriene receptor agonists (antileukotrienes)?
Block inflammation in airways caused by leukotrienes
Montelukast and Zafirlukast are examples of which drug class?
Antileukotrienes
What is the main purpose of corticosteroids as a respiratory drug?
Stabilize cells that release bronchoconstricting substances & increase response to ventolin
True or false: corticosteroids as resp. drugs have immediate results
false. Can take several weeks.
True or false: corticosteroids have many drug interactions
true: aspirin, anticoagulants, antidiabetic drugs
Why should corticosteroids never be discontinued abruptly?
They can cause an addisonian crisis due to adrenal suppression from taking the drug
Prednisone, budesonide, fluticasone, salmeterol are examples from which drug class?
corticosteroids
What is the main purpose of Mast Cell Stabilizers?
Prevent release of substances that cause bronchospasms
Cromoglycate, Nedocromil, Ketoifen fumarate are examples from which drug class?
mast cell stabilizers
Ketoconazole, cimetidine, and erthyromycin may increase concentrations of which antihistamine drug?
Loratadine (claritin)
Pseudoephedrine is an example of which drug class?
Decongestants
What are the 3 classes of drugs in “decongestants”?
adrenergics, anticholinergics, corticosteroids
What are the indications for using an antitussive?
non-productive coughing
Dextromethorphan (nyquil, robitussin) is an example of which drug class?
non-opioid antitussive
Guaifenesin is an example of which drug class?
expectorants
iodine-containing products, iodinated glycerol, and potassium iodide are examples from which drug class?
expectorants
What is “mycosis”
an infection caused by a fungus
Amphotericin B is the treatment of choice for what?
Systemic fungal infections
The “shake and bake” and other adverse effects (renal toxicity, neurotoxicity, seizures, paresthesia, etc) are from which drug?
Amphotericin B
Fluconazole (Diflucan), Nystatin, and amphotericin B are from which drug class?
Antifungals
Tissue extravasation from which drug at the IV site may lead to tissue necrosis?
Fluconazole (antifungal)
Tuberculosis is the medical diagnosis of any infectious disease caused by what?
Mycobacterium
Isoniazid (INH), ethambutol, pyrazinamide (PZA), rifampin, streptomycin are examples from which drug class?
Primary antitubercular drugs
Capreomycin, cycloserine, ethionamide, kanamycin, para-aminosalyicyclic acid are examples from which drug class?
Secondary antitubercular drugs
Isoniazid (INH) is the drug of choice for what?
tuberculosis infections
Pyridoxine deficiency, liver toxicity, and peripheral neuritis are adverse effects from which TB drug?
Isoniazid (INH) (primary)
Neuritis and blindness are adverse effects of which TB drug?
Ethambutol (primary)
Hepatitis & orange discolouration of urine and stool are adverse effects of which TB drug?
Rifampin (primary)
Therapy of antitubercular drugs may last how long?
up to 24 months
Why should diabetic clients taking INH monitor blood glucose?
INH may cause hyperglycemia
Which TB drugs may cause oral contraceptives to be ineffective?
INH and rifampin
What is the main function of antiviral drugs?
to treat infections caused by viruses other than HIV
What is the main function of antiretroviral drugs?
to treat infections caused by HIV
Acylovir, amantadine, oseltamivir, and ribavirin are examples from which drug class?
Antivirals
True or false: antiviral drugs have many drug interactions
true
Which drug is the treatment of choice for the chicken pox and shingles?
Acyclovir
ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) detects what kind of virus?
Human immunodeficiency virus
What is a candidiasis?
a fungal infection caused by yeast
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and fusion inhibitors are examples from which drug class?
antiretrovirals
Aspirin & Indomethacin (Indocin) are examples of which drug class?
Acetic acid derivatives (NSAIDS)
Ibuprofen & Naproxen are examples from which drug class?
Proprionic acids (NSAIDS)
Celecoxib (Celebrex) is an example of which drug class?
COX-2 Inhibitors (NSAIDS)
Which major drug class is analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and anti-rheumatic?
NSAIDs
True or false, NSAIDS are indicated for people with Vitamin K deficiencies, peptic ulcer disease, kidney/liver disease, and hemorrhagic stroke
FALSE - they are contraindicated for these conditions
Salicylates are not to be given to children under the age of 12 for what reason?
The risk of Reye’s syndrome
Reye’s syndrome is associated with which drug consumption by children with viral diseases such as chicken pox?
Aspirin
Staphylococci, Streptococci, and Enterococci are examples of gram positive or gram negative bacteria?
gram postive
What term describes antibiotic treatment based on signs and symptoms?
empiric therapy
what term describes antibiotic treatment based on results of culture and sensitivity?
Specific therapy
Trimethoprim, sulfisoxazole are examples from which antibiotic class?
Sulfonamides
Which antibiotic classes are bacteriostatic?
Sulfonamides, Macrolides, & Tetracyclines
Which antibiotic classes are bactericidal?
Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides, & Quinolones
Which antibiotic class reduces the effectiveness of oral contraceptives?
Sulfonamides
Any client taking which antibiotic class should be monitored for 30 minutes after administration?
Penicillins due to allergy
Amoxicillin, cloxacillin, piperacillin sodium are examples from which antibiotic class?
penicillins
Cephalexin (keflex), cefozitin, cefuroxime are examples from which antibiotic class?
cephalosporins
The effectiveness of which antibiotic is decreased when taken with caffeine, citrus juice, citrus cola, or tomato juice?
Penicillins
Erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin are examples from which antibiotic class?
macrolides
Why can macrolides cause hepatotoxicity and jaundice?
They are metabolized in the liver (and inhibit cytochrome p450?)
Demeclocycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline are examples from which antibiotic class?
Tetracyclines
This class of antibiotics bind to Ca, Mg, and Al ions.. therefore dairy products, antacids, and irons salts should be avoided.
Tetracyclines
Gentamycin, neomycin, steptomycin, trobramycin are examples from which antibiotic class?
Aminoglycosides
Which antibiotic class has NO PO forms?
Aminoglycosides due to poor absorption
What are the 2 most significant adverse effects of aminoglycosides?
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Monitor peak and trough levels of blood for prevention
True or False: Quinolones should be taken with 3L of water per day
True
Intake of ALKALINE foods such as antacids, peanuts and sodium bicarbonate should be limited with which antibiotic class?
Quinolones
What specific antibiotic is taken for MRSA?
Vancomycin
What specific antibiotic is taken for C. diff and STIs?
Metronidazole - good for anaerobes
Redman’s syndrome is caused by what? (related to antibiotic)
Rapid infusion of vancomycin. Should be infused over 60 minutes
Fever, perineal itching, coughing, lethargy, or any unusual discharge may be signs & symptoms of what? (related to antibiotics)
superinfection
Oversecretion of adrenocorticol hormones could result in what syndrome?
Cushings syndrome
Dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, and prednisone are examples of which drug class?
Glucocorticoids
Fludrocortisone acetate is an example from which drug class?
Mineralocorticoids
Ketoconazole is an example of which drug class?
Antifungal, although can be used as adrenal steroid inhibitors (used to tx cushings syndrome)
Serious infections including septicemia, systemic fungal infections, and varicella are contraindications for which drug class?
Adrenal corticosteroids
Cosyntropin, somatotropin, and octreotide are examples from which drug class?
Anterior Pituitary Drugs
Vasopressin and desmopression are examples from which drug class?
Posterior Pituitary Drugs
Corticotropin is used to diagnose what insufficiency?
adrenocortical insufficiency
Which pituitary drug is a synthetic growth hormone to stimulate skeletal growth?
somatotropin
Which pituitary drug reduces the severe diarrhea, flushing, and life-threatening hypotension that may occur with a carcinoid crisis?
Octreotide (inhibits GH release)
Which pituitary drug may cause alterations in blood glucose levels?
Octreotide
Which pituitary drug is a potent vasoconstrictor used in hypotensive emergencies?
vasopression
Which pituitary drug is used for hemophilia A and Type I von Willebrand’s disease?
Desmopressin
true or false: pituitary drugs can be stopped abruptly
false, may lead to addisonian crisis
What is the value for optimal PLASMA glucose?
4.0-6.0 mmol/L
Aspart & lispro are examples of this type of insulin
Rapid acting insulin
Regular, humulin R, and toronto are examples of this type of insulin
Short acting insulin
Humulin N and NPH are examples of this type of insulin
intermediate acting insulin
glargine and lente are examples of this type of insulin
long acting insulin
What is the onset, peak, and duration of rapid acting insulin?
onset 10-15minutes, peak 1-2 hours, duration 3-5 hours
What is the onset, peak, and duration of short acting insulin?
onset 30 min, peak 2-3 hours, duration 6.5 hours
What is the onset, peak, and duration of intermediate acting insulin?
onset 1-3 hours, peak 5-8 hours, duration up to 18 hours.
What is the onset, peak, and duration of long acting insulin?
onset 90 minutes, no peak, duration 24 hours
What is the first line drug for antihyperglycemic drugs?
Metformin (Biguanide)
How does Metformin (biguanides) work? Why doesn’t metformin cause hypoglycaemia?
Decreases hepatic glucose production in T2D. No hypoglycaemia because no insulin-release stimulation
metallic taste and reduced B12 levels are an adverse effect of which antihyperglycemic drug?
Metformin (Biguanides)
Glyburide is an example of which antihyperglycemic drug class?
Sulfonylureas
Why is hypoglycemia an adverse effect for Sulfonylurea drugs?
They stimulate insulin release in the pancreas, could produce too much insulin
Actos is an example from which antihyperglycemia drug class?
thiazolidinediones (glitazones)
How do thiazolidinediones work as an antihyperglycemic?
they enhance the sensitivity of insulin receptors through gene regulation to promote skeletal uptake of glucose
Acarbose (precose) is an example of which antihyperglycemic drug class?
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Which class of antihyperglycemic drugs works in the small intenstine?
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Could cause flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain
If a client is NPO for a procedure and they are have orders for antihyperglycemic drug therapy, what must be done?
call the physician to clarify the order
What is the correct way to mix intermediate and short acting insulin?
Air in long vial, air in short vial, with draw short, withdraw long. Clear before cloudy.
Levothryoxine and liothyronine are examples from which drug class?
Thyroid replacement drugs
Cardiac dysrhythmias, tachycardia, palpitations, angina, menstrual irregularities, and weight loss are all adverse effects of which thyroid replacement drug?
Levothyroxine
Liver and bone marrow toxicity are adverse effects of what drug therapy?
antithyroid drug therapy for hyperthyroidism (Antithyroid drugs: thioamide derivatives: methimazole, propylthiouracil (PTU))
Clients taking this medication should avoid foods high in iodine (seafood, soy sauce, tofu)
Antithyroid medications (methimazole, PTU)
How do antiemetic and antinausea drugs work?
Block GI tract, labyrinth of inner ear, and cerebral cortex from activating the CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone)
For clients receiving chemotherapy, how far in advance should antiemetics be given?
half an hour to 3 hours before the chemotherapy agent
How do adsorbents & bulk forming agent work as an antidiarrheal?
They coat the walls of the GI and bind with the causative agent
Bismuth subsalicylate and activated charcoal are examples from this drug class
Adsorbents & bulkforming antidiarrheals
Atropine can you be used as an antidiarrheal, true or false
true. It can act as an antispasmodic to decrease peristalsis of GI tract
Diphenoxylate (lomotil) and loperamide (imodium) are examples of this antidiarrheal class?
opiates. Decrease bowel motility to increase bowel transit time
L. acidophilus is an example of this class of antidiarrheal?
Intestinal flora modifiers (probiotic)
Dark stools, blue gums, and tinnitus are adverse effects from which drug class?
Adsorbents & bulk forming antidiarrheals
Adsorbents decrease absorption of many drugs, true or false
true - interfere with digoxin, clindamycin, quinidine, and hypoglycemic agents
true or false, adsorbents cause increase bleeding time with anticoagulants
true
Psyllium, methylcellulose, polycarbophil are examples from which drug class?
bulk forming laxatives
polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, glycerine, and lactulose are examples from which drug class?
hyperosmotic laxatives
magnesium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium citrate, and sodium phosphate are examples from which drug class?
saline laxatives
castor oil, senna, cascara, dulcolax, and ex-lax are examples from which drug class?
stimulant laxatives
magnesium toxicity with renal insufficiency is an adverse effect from which laxative group?
salines
Almagel, Maalox, Mylanta are examples of what kind of antacids?
aluminum salts - have constipating effects
Gaviscon and Milk of Magnesia are examples of what kind of antacids?
Magnesium salts - can cause diarrhea
What antacids are contraindicated for renal failure?
Magnesium salts - cannot excrete extra Mg
TUMs and Rolaids are examples of what kind of antacids?
Calcium salts
Cimetidine (Tagamet), Famotidine (Pepcid), and Ranitidine (Zantac) are examples of which drug class?
Histamine (H2) Antagonists
What is the main purpose of H2 Antagonists?
to suppress acid secretion in the stomach
True or false, all H2 antagonists may inhibit the absorption of drugs that require a basic GI environment for absorption
false - inhibit drug absorption for drugs that require an acidic environment. H2 antagonists suppress acid release
pantoprazole, lansoprazole (prevacid) and omerprazole (losec) are examples from which drug class?
proton pump inhibitors. Total inhibition of gastric acid secretion
Name the act….
Protect consumers from drugs that are contaminated, adulterated, or unsafe to use. To address drugs that are labeled falsely and those with misleading or deceptive labeling
Food and Drug Act 1953
Name the act….
Regulates the possession, sale, manufacture, disposal, production, import, export, and distribution of certain drugs
Controlled Drug and Substances Drug Act 1997
true or false, morphine, codeine and heroin are natural stubstances
false, heroin is semi-synthetic
When does narcotic withdrawal begin? What is the peak?
beings 8-12 hours after last use. Peaks 48-72 hours.
true or false, narcotic withdrawal is life threatening
false
true or false, constant yawning, runny nose, and tremors are a sign of narcotic withdrawal
true
Drugs that are psychosis generating are termed…
psychotogenic
Drugs that are mind manifesting are termed…
psychedelics
true or false, tolerance is developed with hallucinogens
false
What is the peak for alcohol withdrawal?
Minor: 24-36 hours
Major: 50 hours
buspirone (BuSpar) is an example from which drug class?
Anxiolytic. Interacts with SSRIs and MAOIs
alprazolam (xanax) is most commonly used as what kind of medication?
as an anxiolytic
which benzodiazepine is good for management of alcohol withdrawal and reversal of status epilepticus?
diazepam (valium)
true or false, many anxiolytics interfere with oral contraceptives
true - xanax and valium
lithium carbonate and lithium citrate are examples from which drug class?
mood stabilizing drugs. can be used in combination with many other
What is the drug of choice for mania?
Lithium.
What is therapeutic serum level range for lithium?
maintenance 0.6-1.2mmol/L
acute mania - 1-1.5 mmol/L
anything over 2.0 is toxicity
What is the most serious effect of using lithium?
cardiac dysrhythmia
long term treatment of which drug may cause hypothyroidism?
lithium
tricyclics, tetracyclics, and MAOIs are examples of first generation antidepressants, true or false
true
amitriptyline (Elavil) is an example of which drug?
Tricyclic antidepressant
How is a tricyclic antidepressant overdose managed?
No antidote. Decrease absorption using activated charcoal, speed elimination by alkalinizing urine, provide BLS
phenelzine sulphate, tranylcypromine sulphate, and selegiline hydrochlore are examples of which drug class?
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Client should avoid foods high in tyramine (cheeses, smoked foods, yeast extracts, red wine etc) when using this drug class
MAOIs. Could result in hypertensive crisis leading to stroke, coma, death
Trazodone (oleptro), bubpropion (wellbutrin) and SSRIs are second generation antidepressants, true or false
tru
delirium, agitation, tachycardia, myoclonus, and tremors are symptoms of what syndrome?
Serotonin syndrome - too much serotonin
What are the drug interactions for Cymbalta?
SSRIs, Triptans, and alcohol. Can increase risk of serotonin syndrome and liver injury
What is the mechanism of action for antipsychotics? (simple)
block dopamine receptors in the brain to decrease dopamine levels. = tranquilizing effect
agranulocytosis, NMS, EPS, tardive dyskinesia and hemolytic anemia are adverse effects for which drug class?
antipsychotics
What herbal product can be used for depression, anxiety, sleep disorders and nervousness?
St Johns Wort
drug names that end in -prazole are typically…?
proton pump inhibitors
drug names that end in -ase are typically…?
thrombolytics
drug names that end in -azine are typically…?
antiemetics
drug names that end in -terol/-phylline are typically…?
bronchodilators
drug names that end in -arin are typically…?
anticoagulants
drug names that end in -vir are typically…?
antivirals
drug names that end in -cycline are typically…?
tetracyclines
drug names that end in -mycin are typically…?
aminoglycosides
drug names that end in -floxacin are typically…?
quinolones
drug names that end in -triptyline are typically…?
tricyclics
drug names that end in -pram/-ine are typically…?
SSRIs
Diltiazem, verapamil, nifedipine are examples from which drug class?
calcium channel blockers
