Pharm Exam Review Ch 11-12 Flashcards
(34 cards)
what is the medical term for breathing?
respiration
what do cilia do in the nasal mucosa?
warms and moistens the air and traps dust particles and bacteria
what kind of functions does the pharynx have?
respiratory and digestive functions
what is the pharynx?
a tubelike structure extending from the base of the skull to the esophagus
what is the epiglottis
is like a leaflike structure on top of the larynx that seals off the air passages to the lungs during swallowing
what are the alveoli?
the alveoli are the functional units of the lungs
what is sputum?
it is an abnormally thick fluid formed in the lower respiratory tract that may contain blood, pus, or bacteria.
what is a pulse oximetry device?
it is a device that monitors the oxygen saturation by placing a probe on the ear, finger, toe, or bridge of the nose.
what is apnea?
the stoppage of breathing, which may occur during sleep and can be temporary or fatal.
what is pnemonia
infections of the lower respiratory tract
what is bronchitis?
inflammation of the air passageways caused by irritants
what kind of condition is emphysema?
a condition in which the air sacs dialiate and are unable to contract to their original size.
what is a patient with a barrel chest diagnosed with?
emphysema
what is barrel chest
when the air becomes stale and backs up in the alveoli which makes it impossible to take in much air on the next breath
what happens in asthma
the muscles around the bronchioles contract, narrowing the air passages and causing the alveoli to become plugged with sputum that is hard to cough up.
what is wheezing
a high pitch musical sound that occurs through a narrowed airway
what patients usually have wheezing
patients with asthma, bronchitis, or allergies
what are the drugs that treat asthma, and what do they do
bronchodilators, relieve the bronchiole constriction
what is seasonal rhinitis?
a allergic reaction to pollen in the air during the late summer and fall
what are antihistamines?
drugs used in allergic conditions such as hay fever.
what do antihistamines do ?
they counteract the effects of histamine
what are decongestants used for?
nasal congestion because they shrink mucus membranes
what are fexofenadine (Allegra) Loratadine (Claritin) cetirizine hydrochloride (Zyrtec) used for?
they are all antihistamines used to treat respiratory problems
what are the signs of respiratory problems?
soft tissues of the chest retracting with each breath, the patient holding the mouth open while breathing, and the patient spreading nostils
