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Pharm exams Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

T/F Hyponatremia is decrease sodium levels

A

True

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2
Q

T/F the nephron is the basic functional unit of the kidney

A

true

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3
Q

T/F uremic pts. require higher does of nephrotoxic medications since nephron is not working at normal capacity so more of the drug needs to be administered to reach therapeutic levels

A

Falst

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4
Q

T/F epakatin is made from the shells of shrimp and crabs

A

True

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5
Q

T/F Baclofen is a very safe drug that can be used to treat urinary retention in dogs since is has a wide margin of safety

A

fasle

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6
Q

T/F adrenaline is another name for epinephrine

A

True

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7
Q

T/F a regenerative anemia can occur when the kidneys are compromised bc erythropoietin production is also compromised

A

True

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8
Q

T/F hyernatremia can sometimes be seen with long-term use of potassium sparing diuretics

A

False

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9
Q

__________ are drugs used to remove excess extracellular fluid by increasing urine flow and sodium excretion

A

Diuretics

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10
Q

If kidney function is compromised, erythropoietin production is _______

A

decreased

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11
Q

Some pts. that have been on loop diuretics long term may need what kind of supplementation?

A

Potassium

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12
Q

where do loop diuretics exert their action within the nephron?

A

Ascending loop of henle

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13
Q

Anticholinergic drugs cause muscle _______

A

relaxation

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14
Q

which type of diuretic would you give to a pt that was hit by a car and now has increased CSF pressure?

A

osmotic Diuretic

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15
Q

which of the following drugs is an example of a potassium sparing diuretic?
spironolactone
Mannitol 20%
furosemide
all

A

Spironolactone

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16
Q

Urinary acidifiers can be given to help with which type of crystal/urolith?
Cystine
calcium oxalate
Struvite
Ammonium urate

A

Struvite

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17
Q

which of the following diuretic families should not be used in pregnant animals as it crosses the placental border?
Osmotic
Loop
Potassium sparing
Thiazide
Carbon anhydrase inhib

A

Thiazide diuretics

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18
Q

Drug family that can cause decreased GI motility and decreased gastric emptying, which can lead to decreased absorption of certain medications

A

Anticholinergic drugs

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19
Q

Antidotal to the adverse reactions of cholinergic drugs?

A

atropine

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20
Q

loop diuretics inhibit the tubular reabsorption of __________

A

sodium

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21
Q

Which is not a catecholamine?
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Aldosterone

A

Aldosterone

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22
Q

Catecholamines are made by what?

A

Adrenal glands

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23
Q

what converts angiotensen l into angiotensen ll?

A

renin

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24
Q

Example of a urinary alkalizer

A

potassium citrate

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25
Drug that can be given to cats that have a hypertonus urethra sphincter to aide in relaxing the internal sphincter tone?
Prazosin
26
Drug class that can be used to treat urinary incontinence by promoting urinary retention within the bladder
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
27
Example of an osmotic diuretic
Mannitol 20%
28
Diuretic class that can also be used to treat glaucoma bc is reduces the production of aqueous humor
Phenylpropanolamine - proin
29
A verterinarian prescribes erythropoietin for use in a dog with terminal renal failure. why was this drug prescribed?
for its ability to stimulate red blood cell production and release
30
Drug most commonly used to treat urinary incontinence in dogs
31
Lasix
Furosemide
32
buscopan
butylhyoscine
33
minpress
prazosin
34
proin
phenylpropanolar
35
enacard
enalapril
36
T/F dopamine antagonists promote the release of prolactin from the pituitary
True
37
Which of the following drugs can be used in an animal with dystocia
Oxytocin
38
A testosterone analog that can be used as a contraceptive in dogs that works by inhibiting the LH release
Mibolerone
39
Group of drugs that can be livestock breeders to help estrus synchronization
40
Drug used widely in food animals as a growth-promoting steroid that has since been banned in food animals as it has been shown to be carcinogenic
Diethylstillbestrol
41
Females should wear gloves if they are/suspect that they are pregnant bc it can extent a pregnancy beyond its natural end
Altrenogest
42
Drug that can aid in milk letdown
Oxytocin
43
T/F CIDRs are an implant to help prolong diestrus in cattle for several days
True
44
Drug that should not be given to pregnant mares or cows as it can accidentally induce abortion or premature parturition
Dexamethasone
45
T/F estrogens can depress hematopoiesis, which can result in aplastic anemia
True
46
Which of the following produces progesterone
Placenta and corpus luteum
47
Which of the following drugs can be used to terminate pregnancies in mares
Lutalyse
48
Diethylstilbestrol
DES
49
Altrenogest
Regu-mate
50
Gonadorlins
Ovacyst
51
Cloprostenol
Estrumate
52
Dinoprost tromethamine
Lutalyse
53
The noun referring to the state of being in heat
Estrus
54
Feed additive given to cattle either to suppress estrus or extend diestrus
Melengestrol acetate
55
What are estrogen products mainly used for in small animal medicine
Treating urinary inconvenience
56
When DES, a synthetic estrogen is used at higher does it can have the potentially dangerous side effect of
Bone marrow suppressin
57
T/F Estrumate is a prostaglandin drug
True
58
The drug oxytocin aids in milk production
False
59
Diphenhydramine
Benadryl
60
Dextromethorphan
Robitussin DM
61
Cetirizine
Zyrtec
62
Lordatadine
Claritin
63
Prednisolone
Solu-medrol
64
Butorphanol tartrate
Torbugesic
65
Albuterol
Ventolin
66
Acetylcysteine
Mucomyst
67
Guaifenesin is an example of a
Expectorant
68
Decongestants work by causing vasodilation in swollen nasal passages
False
69
Antihistamines should be given ______ histamine release in the body for optimum effects
Before
70
Which of the following is an example of a volatile oil in regards to being an expectant
Eucalyptus oil
71
What is an example of a loop diuretic
Furosemide (lasix)
72
The type of drug that would be most helpful for a pt. With a productive cough
Expectorant
73
Can be used in stimulating respiration in cases of xylazine overdose
Yohimbine
74
An asthmatic cat may receive which of the following drugs for its bronchodilatory effect
theophylline
75
Smooth muscle contraction and bronchial constriction is mainly caused by
Histamine
76
T/F If beta-2 agonists are non-selective they will affect both the cardiovascular and respiratory system
True
77
Drugs used to increase airflow, through respiratory passageways narrowed by the relaxation of smooth muscle around them, are called
Bronchodilators
78
Care must be taken when prescribing our veterinary patients because it is a human-labeled product and is often times has which of the following medication added to it:
Acetaminophen
79
T/F Nebulizers require positive force to get the aerosolized droplets deep into the respiratory tract
False
80
Butorphanol and hydrocodone are examples of:
Antitussives
81
Drugs that effectively block the cough relex are called :
Antitussives
82
Metered dose inhalers deliver small drug particles to the ______ respiratory system
Upper
83
Which class of drug is designed to break up mucus as well as reduce its viscosity
Mucolytics
84
Which of the following can be used in stimulating respiration in cases of narcotic overdose
Narcan
85
If your pt will be on oxygen therapy for longer than a few hrs the O2 should be ______ as to not dry out the respiratory tract and cause irritation
Humidified
86
What effects do beta-receptor agonists have on the respiratory tree
Cause bronchodilation
87
Which of the following cells are responsible for releasing both heparin and histamine
Mast cells
88
T/F You can overdose your pt on oxygen
True
89
Terbutaline, albuterol, and metaproterenol are used in vet med to:
treat feline asthma or other bronchoconstrictive diseases
90
Which of the following is false in regards to beta-adrenergic agonist bronchodilators
all are correct - only used as a rescue drug, managing feline asthma, tabs and inhalers, COPD/RAO
91
Vomiting can be a side effect with expectorants as they can:
Irritate the gastric mucosa
92
which of the following drugs is available over the counter as an Antitussive
Dextromethorphan
93
Which of the following drugs combines an antitussive with a corticoid steroid
Temaril-P
94
Drugs that reduce the viscosity of secretions in the respiratory tract are called:
Expectorants
95
Which of the following is an example of a mucolytic?
Steam and mucomyst
96
Which of the following is no longer recommended in neonates as it can cause cerebral hypoxia?
Dopram
97
Methylxanthines are often used to improve breathing in cardiac patients, as well as patients with respiratory disease. which of the following are methylxanthines used for the purpose
theophylline and aminophylline

Mod 6 (6 decks)

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