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Flashcards in pharm final- cv Deck (36)
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1
Q

Lasix (furosemide) class

A

loop diuretic

2
Q

Lasix (furosemide) MOA

A

they act on the ascending loop of henle to inhibit sodium and chloride absorption. vasoconstriction

3
Q

SE of furosemide (loop diuretics)

A
Hypotension
Hypokalemia
Hyperglycemia
Ototoxicity
Hypocalcemia
Dehydration
4
Q

loop diuretics nursing implications

A
Do not give dosages before bedtime
Perform daily weights, same time, same scale
Report weight gain 2lbs in 2 days
Pts are frequently taking potassium supplements
Dietary teaching for potassium
Postural hypotension
Maintain adequate fluid intake
Don’t double doses if dose missed
5
Q

Spironolactone (aldactone) class

A

k sparing

6
Q

Spironolactone (aldactone) MOA

A

Synthetic steroid that blocks aldosterone receptors, increases sodium and water excretion while conserving potassium

7
Q

Spironolactone (aldactone) SE

A

Hyperkalemia

Hyponatremia

8
Q

Spironolactone (aldactone) Nursing implications

A

Do not give potassium supplements
ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia
Avoid prolonged sun exposure
Administration with food increases absorption
A loading dose may be given
Delay in onset of action (several weeks for antihypertensive effect)

9
Q

metoprolol (lopressor) class

A

beta blocker

antihypertensive

10
Q

metoprolol (lopressor) MOA

A
Block beta receptor sites which are responsive to epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Cause a decrease in heart rate.
Cause a decrease in blood pressure.
Cause a decrease in cardiac output.
May cause bronchoconstriction.
11
Q

metoprolol (lopressor) SE

A

Headache
Fatigue
Lethargy
Mask hypoglycemia*** especially in diabetics
Asthma: symptoms to monitor for bronchoconstriction

12
Q

metoprolol (lopressor) nursing implications

A

Monitor heart rate and blood pressure
Monitor for symptoms of CHF
hold med if BP is too low

13
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem) class

A

calcium channel blocker

antihypertensive

14
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem) MOA

A
block the calcium channels in the specialized tissue of muscle cells of the heart and in the smooth muscle cells in the walls of blood vessels.
Dilate coronary arteries.
Decrease heart rate.
Decrease blood pressure.
Decrease cardiac output.
15
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem) SE

A
Headache
Flushing (facial flushing from vasodilation)
Peripheral edema
Fatigue
Hypotension
16
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem) nursing implications

A

Monitor heart rate and blood pressure

Grapefruit juice may interfere with actions

17
Q

Enalapril (Vasotec) class

A

Ace inhibitors

antihypertensive

18
Q

Enalapril (Vasotec) MOA

A

Decreases the formation of angiotensin II. Also decreases the secretion of aldosterone.
Decreases blood pressure.
Improves cardiac output.
no effect on HR

19
Q

Enalapril (Vasotec) SE

A
**Cough: 5-10% will develop**
Dizziness, headache, vertigo
Photosensitivity
Abdominal pain
Hyperkalemia: inhibits aldosterone
20
Q

Enalapril (Vasotec) nursing implications

A

Monitor blood pressure
Monitor serum potassium-kidneys regulate K+
Monitor renal function-Creatinine and sometimes BUN
Antacids may decrease absorption

21
Q

clonidine (catapres patch) class

A

vasodilator

antihypertensive

22
Q

clonidine (catapres patch) MOA

A

Alpha adrenergic blockers: block alpha receptors that mediate vasomotor tone
Central acting: Causes decreased production of epinephrine
Direct acting vasodilator: act directly on smooth muscle in the walls of the blood vessels to cause relaxation of the vessel wall.

23
Q

clonidine (catapres patch) SE

A

Hypotension
Reflex tachycardia-blood pressure goes down and HR goes up
Headache
Orthostatic hypotension

24
Q

clonidine (catapres patch) nursing implications

A

Take off patch, clean the place where old patch was, clean where new patch is going, rotate sites

25
Q

nitroglycerin class

A

nitrates

antianginals

26
Q

nitroglycerin MOA

A

Dilates coronary arteries, veins arteries.

27
Q

nitroglycerin SE

A
**Headache**
Hypotension
Dizziness
Flushing
Reflex tachycardia
28
Q

nitroglycerin nursing implications

A

*Sublingual tablets q5min for three doses if angina
*NTG tablets need to protect from light
*Watch expiration date (3 months)
When taken should feel slight tingling sensation
Sublingual spray is highly flammable
Close mouth immediately after spraying under tongue
Do not swallow or inhale the spray
avoid use with alcohol (vasodilation)
avoid use with viagra (vasodilation)

29
Q

simvastatin (zocor) class

A

statins

antilipemic

30
Q

simvastatin (zocor) MOA

A

block the last step in the formation of cholesterol

Increase number LDL receptors

31
Q

simvastatin (zocor) SE

A

GI: nausea, constipation, bloating, gas
Myopathy: muscle soreness, aches and weakness
Liver dysfunction: jaundice, clay colored stools, dark urine, right upper quadrant pain

32
Q

simvastatin (zocor) nursing implications

A
Administer with food at bedtime
Monitor lipid levels
Avoid pregnancy
Report myopathy, liver dysfunction symptoms
Monitor LFTs
33
Q

digoxin (lanoxin) class

A

cardiac glycoside

antiarrythmics

34
Q

digoxin (lanoxin) MOA

A

decreases HR

increases contractility

35
Q

digoxin (lanoxin) SE

A

(toxicity)

bradycardia, N/V, visual disturbances.

36
Q

digoxin (lanoxin) nursing implications

A

MUST take HR before administration (hold if