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Pharm Final > PHARM FINALS MEDS > Flashcards

PHARM FINALS MEDS Flashcards

1
Q

albuterol

A

Beta2 agonist. Used for bronchospasm

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2
Q

Alcohol (ETOH)

A

CNS depression. Synergistic effects with other CNS depressants (antihistamines, phenothiazides, narcotics, barbs, BZDs) treat withdrawal with folic acid, thamine

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3
Q

alprazolam

A

benzodiazepines for AA. Xanax. Short, immediate half life. .25-.5mg TID

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4
Q

Amantadine

A

good choice for parkinson’s pt with mild symptoms to delay LDopa. Can be add-on to decrease levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Tachyphylaxis–drug holiday

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5
Q

Amitriptyline

A

Tricylclic antidepressant. Most anticholinergic

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6
Q

Amlodipine

A

CCB. Used for HTN, CAD, stable or variant angina

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7
Q

Amoxicillen

A

Aminopenicillin

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8
Q

Anastrazole

A

Aromatase inhibitor. Reduces effects of estrogen (Cancer). Generally well tolerated. N/V, joint muscle pain, hot flashes

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9
Q

Androderm

A

transdermal testosterone. Skin irritation common

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10
Q

Androgel

A

Topical testosterone gel. Can possibly transfer in intimate contacts. Apply to inconspicuous locations

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11
Q

Antithymocyte

A

immunosuppressant inducer pre transplant. Polyclonal antibodies. Horse, “rabbit”. Expensive

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12
Q

Argatroban

A

Anticoagulant. Treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

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13
Q

Aripiprazole

A

Atypical antipsychotic

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14
Q

Aspart (insulin)

A

Bolus/meal time insulin. Rapid acting. Peak 1-2 hours. Duration 3-4 hours. Take 15 minute before meal

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15
Q

Atomozetine

A

Non-controlled selective NE reuptake inhibitor for ADHD, good option for those who can’t tolerate stimulants Less AE but less efficacy. Take with food caution with suicidal

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16
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Lipitor. HLD treatment. Myalgia risk but less than simva/lova. Do not need to renally dose

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17
Q

Atropine

A

Anticholinergic agent. Increases CO and dries secretions

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18
Q

Azithromycin

A

Macrolides. No cross reaction with penicilin. Take with food. QTc prolongation. Space from antacids (Mg, Al)

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19
Q

Azothioprine

A

immunosuppressive. Pro-drug of mercaptopruine. Used in renal transplant rejection, RA, SLE. Interact- allopurional and ACEI

ADR: thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia,, NVD, skin cancer, GOUT

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20
Q

Baclofen

A

effective in treating spasticity from SC lesions. Intrathecal-injected directly into subarachnoid space.

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21
Q

Basiliximab

A

Monoclonal antibodies. No reported common AE

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22
Q

Benzocaine

A

Amino esters (can cause allergy). Surface acting. Metabolized in plasma

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23
Q

Benzotropine

A

Antihistamine/anticholinergic. For EPS treatment. SE: dries you up, makes you sleepy. For parkinsons, symtomatic relief of tremor. can be bad in elderly

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24
Q

Bicalutamide

A

antiandrogen. Inhibit cellular uptake, metastatic prostate cancer. SE: GI, decrease sex drive

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25
Q

Bleomycin

A

Antineoplastic antibodies. Does not cause myelosuppression, pulmonary toxicity. Raynaud’s

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26
Q

Bromocriptine

A

Direct dopamine agonists for parkinson’s take with meals. More neuropsychiatric SE, good for bradykinesia, tremor and rigidity not for postural instability, long half- life. Sig SE: valvular fibrosis, postural hypotension, impulse control disorder

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27
Q

Budesonide/Formoterol

A

Symbicort. Respiratory inhalant combo for asthma. Should only be used if not controled by other corticosteroids. CI: amiodarone

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28
Q

Bupivacaine

A

Amino Amides. Metabolized in the liver. Stable in solution, long acting

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29
Q

Buprenorphine

A

Mixed antagonist/agonist opioid. Activates mu receptor, antagonist at kappa. May be good for dependence and withdrawal.

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30
Q

Bupropion

A

Dopamine reuptake inhibitor. No CV or sexual SE. Avoid in epilepsy, eating disorder, anxiety and psychosis. Used for smoking cessation

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31
Q

Buspirone

A

non BZD, Does not act on GABA, increase 5-HT (seratonin). Less risk, but less effective (not for sever anxiety)

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32
Q

Calcium Carbonate

A

Antacid. Can cause constipation. With sodium bicarb can cause water retention

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33
Q

Capecitabine

A

Antimetabolites. USE: breast cancer. SE: blood disorder, GI, dermatitis, stomatitis, unusual tiredness. Hand foot syndrome

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34
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Antiepileptic.Blocks Na channel. Teratogenic. Decreased oral contraceptive effectiveness. BBW: agranulocytosis, aplastic anemica, rash (Steven Johnson Syndrome)

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35
Q

Carbidopa/ Levodopa

A

Carbidopa enables L-dopa to get into brain. SE: CV stimulation, GI effects, drooling, discolaration of bodily fluids, spasmodic winking, dyspnea. Motor SE. affected by diet

IR- taken on empty stomach, onset of improvement 30 mins
SR- taken with food, onset is 60 mins

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36
Q

Carisoprodol

A

Polysnaptic inhibitors. Decrease alpha motor neuron excitability, and cause relaxation. Metabolized in body similar to controlled substance

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37
Q

Carvedilol

A

BB. Increases cardiac contractility. Used in CHF

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38
Q

Celecoxib

A

NSAID. COX2 Selective, increases CV risks, decreases platelet formation

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39
Q

Cetirizine

A

Antihistaminse. Zyrtec. Used for allergies and vasomotor rhinitis. Avoid with alcohol

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40
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Typical antipsychotics. Effective for + psych effects. More Anticholinergic, more CV, endocrine/prolactin, less EPS effects. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

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41
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone, can cause photosensiticity. Can cause CNS symptoms like visual disturbance, H/A, dizziness, and confusion. Intefere with DNA/RNA of bacterial cell. Tendont rupture. DDI with antacids (Ca, Mg, Al)

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42
Q

Cisplastin

A

Heavy metal compunds. For carcinoma of bladder, ovaries, testies. Neurotoxicity. Peripheral neurophathy/Raynaud’s. Some renal dysfunction

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43
Q

Citalopram

A

SSRI. Celexa. Short acting, good for elderly, no CYP activity

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44
Q

Clomiphine

A

ovulation inducing agent in fertility therapy

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45
Q

Clonazepam

A

benzodiazepines for anti anxiety. .25-.5 BID

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46
Q

Clonidine

A

Alpha-2 agonists. for ADHD Centrally acting. Reduced sympathetic

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47
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Antiplatelet. ADP antagonist. Unstable angina

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48
Q

Clozapine

A

Atypical antipsychotic. Agranulocytosis-need to monitor WBC every week for 6wks, then every 2wks. Smoking acts like inducer. Less EPS SE, more metabolic SE

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49
Q

Cocaine

A

Amino esters (can cause allergy). Metabolized in plasma

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50
Q

Colchicine

A

Uricosuric agent. Used to treat gout. CYP3A4 inhibitor

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51
Q

Corticosteroids

A

non-specific immunosuppressants.

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52
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Alkylating agent. Use for leukemias SE: blood disorder, GI, bladder irritation, hair loss, cardiotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity

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53
Q

Cyclosporine

A

Immunosuppressive. Calcineurin inhibitors. Use for many transplants and prevention of acute rejection, needs drug monitoring

ADR: nephrotox, HTN, HLD, glucose intolerance, osteopo, gout, gingivitis, Hirsutism

Sandimmune depends on food, Neoral- less dept on food

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54
Q

Daunorubicin

A

Antineoplastic antibodies. Can lead to blood disorders. most likely causes cardiotoxicity, treat like normal pts with CHF, HTN

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55
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Adjunct to 5 HT3 antagonist that improves the efficacy in PREVENTING N/V, insomnia

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56
Q

Dextroampthetamine

A

CNS stimulant. Caution with CVD dz

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57
Q

Diazepam

A

Benzodiazepine for anti-anxiety. Valium, long half life. 2-10mg BID to QID. Control muscle spasms. Long term use discouraged.

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58
Q

Digoxin

A

Class V arrhythmia. Increases myocardial contraction. Amiodarone interaction, increase with non-dihydrapine/Quinidine

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59
Q

Diltiazem

A

Class IV arrhythmia–CCB. Negative inotrope. 2nd line for stable angina (after BB). 1st line for variant angina. Slow HR and decrease contractility

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60
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

Antihistamine/anticholinergic. For EPS treatment. SE: dries you up, makes you sleepy

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61
Q

Doxepin

A

Tricylclic antidepressant. Weight gain, sedation

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62
Q

Doxorubicin

A

Antineoplastic antibodies. Used for acute leukemias. Similar to daunorubicin can cause Heart failure

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63
Q

Dronabinol

A

Antiemetic. Synethetic THC used for acute and chronic nausea and vomiting and as an appetite stimulant

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64
Q

Duloxetine

A

SNRI. Efficacy for depression, diabetic neuropathy, fibromyalgia. AE: nausea, dry mouth, constipation, decreased appetite, farigue, somnolence

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65
Q

Enflurane

A

Volatile liquids: inhaled. used for skeletal muscle relaxation Most respiratory depression

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66
Q

Enoxaparin

A

Anticoagulant. Inhibits factor Xa. Does not increase PT or PTT Epidural or spinal hematomas with LMWH.

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67
Q

Entacapone

A

COMT inhibitor. Peripherally acting. Increases half-life of levodopa

given with each dose to increase by 50%

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68
Q

Erythropoetin

A

Procrit. Produce new RBC. SE: HTN

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69
Q

Escitalopram

A

SSRI. Short acting, good for elderly, no CYP activity

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70
Q

Eszopiclone

A

Z-drug. Non-BZD Treat insomnia. Lunesta-long term use (6 months)

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71
Q

Ethosuximide

A

Absence seizures only. SE: hiccups, anorexia, blood dyscrasias, lupus, liver failure, behavior changes

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72
Q

Etomidate

A

IV anesthetic. Hypnotic-like. Minimal Cardiopulm effects. N/V during anesthesia can be bad

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73
Q

Felbamate

A

Anticonvulsant. Rarely used bc of SE can be fatal

SE: aplastic anemia or hepatic failure

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74
Q

Fentanyl

A

Synthetic opiod. Dosed Q72 hours. Remove and replace every 3 days. Difficult to titrate

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75
Q

Finasteride

A

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors. Used for BPH, prostate cancer, male pattern baldness

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76
Q

Fluconazole

A

Antifungal. AE: GI, increase LFT, less SE with topical preparation. Many interactions

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77
Q

Flumazenil

A

Benzo antagonist (antidote). Used for benzo overdose. Only IV form

half-life- 1 hour
duration of action- 30-60 min

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78
Q

Fluorouracil

A

Antimetabolites. USE: carcinoma of colon, rectum, stomach, pancrease. SE: GI, blood disorder, skin disorders

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79
Q

Fluoxymesterone

A

oral testosterone. Risk of hepatotoxicity

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80
Q

Fluoxetine

A

SSRI. Prozac, longest half-life. Self tapers when d/c. good for non-compliance, caution in elderly

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81
Q

Fluphenazine

A

Typical antipsychotics. Effective for + psych effects. Less Anticholinergic, less CV, endocrine/prolactin, most EPS effects. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Depot formulation

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82
Q

Fosphenytoin

A

Prodrug of phenytoin. used in pts who can’t tolerate phenytoin and are status epi. Acute setting for emergnecies. Less venous irritation.

much more expensive

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83
Q

Furosemide

A

Loop diuretic. (Lasix). Used for CHF, HTN, Edema. Common IV

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84
Q

G-CSF

A

Filgastrim, Neupogen. Produce stimulation of WBC. SE: nausea, fever, bone pain

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85
Q

Gabapentin

A

Increases GABA, adjunct for partial seizure. Not for kids. Renally cleared

good for pain and psychiatric disorders

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86
Q

Gentamycin

A

Aminoglycoside antibiotic. Can cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

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87
Q

Glargine (insulin)

A

Basal insulin. Long acting with no peaks (24 hour duration). Take once daily.

88
Q

Glipizide

A

Sulfonylurea–increases insulin secretion from beta cells. AE: hypoglycemia, photosensitivity. Safer in patients with renal dysfunction. Caution in heptaic disease

89
Q

Haloperidol

A

Typical antipsychotics. Effective for + psych effects. less Anticholinergic, less CV, endocrine/prolactin, most EPS effects. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. depot formulation

90
Q

Halothane

A

Volatile liquids: inhaled. Most potent, most blood soluble. Slow induction rate, slow recovery time. Cons: decreased myocardial contractility

91
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant. Monitor with aPTT. Reverse with protamine

92
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Thiazide diuretic that is often combined with spironolactone to treat HTN. For CHF

93
Q

Hydrocodone

A

Opiod analgesic.. Long-term treatment.

94
Q

Hydroxyzine

A

H1 antihistamine. Rapid relief of anxiety w/o mental impairment. Helps with motion sickness

95
Q

Ibuprofen

A

NSAID. Non-selective blocks both COX1 and COX2. SE:GI. Blocks mechanism of aspirin. Take 30 minutes after aspirin

96
Q

Ifosfamide

A

Alkylating agent. USE: testicular cancer. SE: blood disorder, CNS effect, urotoxicity/urinary issues, GI

97
Q

Imatinib

A

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Chronic myeloid leukemia. SE: GI, blood disorder, joint, muscle, chest pain

98
Q

Imipramine

A

Tricylclic antidepressant

99
Q

Immune Globulin

A

boost immune function in several conditions. Taken from human blood

100
Q

Insulin U-500

A

Divide by 5 to get U100 dose

101
Q

Ipratropium

A

inhaled Anticholinergic. Relief of acute bronchospasm greater role in COPD.

102
Q

Isoflurane

A

Volatile liquids: inhaled. Can increase HR and CO

103
Q

Ketamin

A

dissociative analgesic-pt. appears awake. Highly addictive, hallucinations and vivid dreams

used in children

104
Q

Lacosamine

A

Anticonvulsant. Slow-voltage Na channels. Adjunct in patients 17+. PO 100% bioavailable. No sig interactions with other AEDs

105
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Antiepileptic. Better tolerated than carbamazepine and phenytoin. SE: dizziness, HA, N/V, SJS, weight gain

106
Q

Leucovorin

A

Cofactor supplement to counteract folic acid antagonists like methotrexate.

107
Q

Levetiracetam

A

Anticonvulsant. No clinical drug interaction. IV available. Renal impairment-dose adjust

very well tolerated and used commonly to replace older agents like phenytoin

108
Q

Levothyroxine

A

Replaces T4. Simple tx for hypothyroidism. Take on empty stomach with water

109
Q

Lidocaine

A

Amino Amides. Metabolized in the liver. Stable in solution, medium acting

110
Q

Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate

A

CNS stimulant. Vyvanse. Dextroamphetamine prodrug, thought to have less abuse risk

111
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACEI. Decreases cardiac workload. First line in CHF

112
Q

Lithium

A

Mood stabilizer. Narrow therapeutic window, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, teratogenic (avoid in breast-feeding). Many drug interactions (NSAID, ACEI, ARB, diuretics) salt can affect dose

113
Q

Loperamide

A

Antidiarrheal. For stomatitis in rectum (diarrhea) with chemo

114
Q

Lorazepam

A

benzodiazepines for AA. also for alcohol withdrawal sx Good for elders or people with hepatic/renal dysfunction. 1-3mg BID or TID. Reduces ANTICIPATORY N/V with chemo

115
Q

Memantine

A

NMDA antagonist. Treat alzheimer-type dementia

116
Q

Meprobamate

A

Strong Anxiolytic short term management.

117
Q

MESNA

A

Uroprotective. Given with ifosfamide or cyclophosphamide to protect from cystitis

118
Q

Metformin

A

Biguanide. Decrease hepatic glucose production, increase peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin. AE: GI, lactic acidosis, don’t use for ESRD

119
Q

Methimazole

A

Thyroid blocking drug. Less frequent dosing, less SE. avoid in pregnancy

120
Q

Methotrexate

A

immunosupressant, RA, Rinse mouth frequently with salt water to prevent mouth sores

121
Q

Methylphenidate

A

CNS stimulant. Ritalin. Caution with CVD dz

122
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Antiemetic. Chemotherapy for delayed N/V in chemo

123
Q

Metoprolol

A

BB. Increases cardiac contractility. Used in CHF

124
Q

Midazolam

A

Benzodiazepines. Amnesia, can be used for minor procedures

long half lives

125
Q

Mifepristone (RU486)

A

used as abortifacient, but has contraceptive properties

126
Q

Mirtazapine

A

alpha-2 antagonist. Effective in treatment resistant depression. AE: sedation, dry mouth, constipation, weight gain, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis, some side effects can be okay for certain pts

127
Q

Mitoxantrone

A

Antineoplastic antibodies. Use: carcinoma of prostate, acute nonlyphocytic leukemia.

128
Q

Mixed amphetamine salts

A

CNS stimulant. Adderral. Caustion with CVD dz

129
Q

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)

A

Old drug to treat depression. AE: orthostasis, liver toxicity, confusion, sexual dysfuntion, weight gain. Risks with serotonergic agents (SSRI, SNTRI, TCA, busprione, linezolid, lithium, fentanyl), pro-hypertensive crisis, cardiac agents, AND tyramine foods (cheese, wine, beer, fish)

need 4 weeks to see if effective, effective 14 days after discontinued

130
Q

Morphine

A

Opiod. Long half-life. Increase SE and toxicity risk.

131
Q

Myocophenolate

A

Immunosuppressive. Inhibitors of T-cell proliferation Used for bone marrow, heart, kidney transplant. Interact with aluminum and magnesium antacid (separate by 4 hours), cholestyramine, cyclosporine

AE: teratogenic effects, GI, blood disorders

132
Q

Nifedipine

A

CCB. Used for HTN, CAD, stable or variant angina

133
Q

Nitrogylcerin/ Isosorbide

A

used for acute exacerbations of HF. 1 tablet under tongue. Keep in cool dry place, discard after 6 months.

134
Q

Nitrous oxide

A

Least potent, low blood solubility, fast onset and recovery. Analgesic effect, can be abused

135
Q

Nortriptyline

A

Tricylclic antidepressant

136
Q

NPH (insulin)

A

Basal insulin. Intermediate acting. Peak-4-10 hours, duration 10-16 hours. Risk of hypoglycemia

137
Q

Nystatin

A

Fungal prophylaxis for the pancreas and kidney

138
Q

Olanzapine

A

Atypical antipsychotic

139
Q

Omeprazole

A

PPI. Prilosec OTC. Suppression of basal and stimulated acid secretion.

140
Q

Ondansetron

A

5-HT3 antagonist. Prevention and treatment of chemotherapy associated N/V

141
Q

Oxcarbazepine

A

1st line for partial seizure. Similar to Carbamazepine, but better tolerated no agranulocytosis. BBW: SJS, TEN

142
Q

Oxybutynin

A

Antispasmodic agent. Relief of sx like urge incontinence, frequency, urgency with bladder.

143
Q

Oxycodone

A

Opiod. ER- decrease N/V by taking with food. Big drug of abuse. SE: respiratory depression and sedation tolerance 5-7 days. Constipation no tolerance.

144
Q

Paclitaxel

A

Plant Alkaloids. Use: breast cancer, non-small lung cancer kaposi sarcoma. SE: blood disorder, hypersensitivity reaction, peripheral neuropathy, joint/muscle pain, arthralgias/myalgias

145
Q

Paliperidone

A

Atypical antipsychotic. Metabolic (dopaminergic) SE

146
Q

Pancuronium

A

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers. long term duration, 4-6 min onset. Requires mechanical vent, sedation, and pain control

SE: tach, hyperkalemia, residual muscle paralysis

147
Q

Paroxetine

A

SSRI. Paxil. Most anticholinergic effects, sedation-good for insomnia

148
Q

Phenelzine

A

MAOI. Used for depression but lots of toxicities. Hypertensive crisis

149
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Barbituate for partial and generalized tonic seizures/epilepsy Narrow TI-monitor drug levels, 2nd-3rd line option. Many drug interactions (phenytoin, steroid, oral contraceptives, anticoag, CNS depressant)

can be used as sedative too

150
Q

Phenytoin

A

Partial and generalized seizures. Protein/albumin bound (adjust with low albium or ESRD. Interacts with Warfarin and others. SE: nystagmus, SJS, lupus, hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia, insomnia, folate deficiency

this is status epilepticus-loading doe must be given

151
Q

Pramipexole

A

Direct dopamine agonists. newer More neuropsychiatric SE. not for postural instability, long half- life. Sig SE: valvular fibrosis, postural hypotension, impulse control disorder

152
Q

Pregabalin

A

Similar to gabapentin

153
Q

Primidone

A

Metabolized to phenobarbital. 2nd-3rd line bc of SE

154
Q

Procaine

A

Amino esters (can cause allergy). Short acting. Metabolized in plasma

155
Q

Prochlorperazine

A

Compazine. N/V treatment with chemo. Can cause sleepiness, dystonic reactions, and lockjaw

156
Q

Propofol

A

Phenol, IV anesthetic. Short-acting hypntoic, rapid recovery

157
Q

Propranolol

A

BB, can be used for some SE with anxiety

158
Q

Propylthiouracil

A

Thyroid blocking drug. More SE, takes longer to see effects but preferred in pregnancy

159
Q

Quetiapine

A

Atypical antipsychotic

160
Q

Radioactive iodine 131 agents

A

SSKI drops, Lugol’s solution. Preferred for severe but can lead to hypothyroidsim. Defer pregnancy 6-12 months. AE: rash, rhinitis, metallic/burning taste

161
Q

Raloxifene

A

prevention of post-menopausal osteoporosis

162
Q

Ranitidine

A

Histamine H2 antagonist. For GERD and gastric ulcer.

163
Q

Regular (insulin)

A

Bolus/meal time insulin. Short acting peak 2-3 hours, duration 3-6 hours. Take 30-60 minutes before meal

164
Q

RhoD Immune Globulin

A

prevention of Rh hemolytic disease of newborn

165
Q

Rifampin

A

Inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis in bacteria. Can cause orange discoloration of urine, sweat, and tears. CYP450 inducer. Increases elimination

166
Q

Risperidone

A

Atypical antipsychotic. Higher risk of EPS

167
Q

Rituxamab

A

Monoclonal antibodies. Non-hodgkin lymphoma. SE: blood disorder, HTN, hyperglycemia, joint/muscle pain, GI

168
Q

Rivaroxaban

A

Anticoagulant. Inhibits factor Xa. Caution with neuraxial anesthesia.

169
Q

Rocurinium

A

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers. intermediate term 1-2 min onset. Requires mechanical vent, sedation, and pain control

170
Q

Ropinorole

A

Direct dopamine agonists. Newer More neuropsychiatric SE. not for postural instability, long half- life. Sig SE: valvular fibrosis, postural hypotension, impulse control disorder

171
Q

Selective Seratonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)

A

First line for depression. AE: GI, fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, NO CV effects

172
Q

Selegeline

A

MAO-B inhibitor. Blocks breakdown of dopamine. Delays using Levodopa. Neuroprotective. Risk of hypertensive crisis and serotonin syndrome

if more than 20 mg a day can interact with certain foods causing HTN crisis

173
Q

Sertraline

A

SSRI. Zoloft. Least weight gain, more insomnia, agiration, diarrhea. Good for elderly- no CYP activity

174
Q

Sildenafil

A

PDE-5 inhibitor. Viagra. For erectile dysfunction. Avoid nitrates

175
Q

Sirolimus

A

Immunosuppressive. Mammalian target of Rapamycin inhibitor. Use for bone marrow, renal, liver, lung, or cardiac transplant, Drug monitoring needed

AE: HLD, GI, Impairs wound healing, mouth ulcers, blood disorders

176
Q

Spironolactone

A

Potassium sparing diuretic. Often combines with hydrochlorothiazide

177
Q

SSRI

A

First line for mild to moderate depression. Long-term treatment, less SE, but takes longer to kick in

178
Q

St. John’s Wart

A

CAM used for depression, works like MAOI/SSRI. increases serotonin Lot of drug interactions-warfarin, birth control, digoxin, induces CYP3A4. risk for seratonin syndrome

179
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Depolrizing neuromuscular blocker. Very short term. Require mechanical vent, sedation, and pain control

180
Q

Sucralfate

A

GI agent. Protective agent used to cover ulcers and decrease irritation caused by chemo

181
Q

Sulfamethoxazole

A

Bactrim. Intefere with DNA/RNA of bacterial cells and inhbit production of folic acid. AE: skin rash, photosensitivity, false increase in SCr. Increases K+, interacts with warfarin

182
Q

Tacrolimus

A

Immunosuppressive. Calcineurin inhibitor. Use for bone marrow, renal, liver, lung, or cardiac transplant.

AE- Neurotoxicity, nephrotox, HTN, HLD, glucose intolerance, ALOPECIA-tremor and paresthesia.

183
Q

Tamoxifen

A

prevention and treatment of breast cancer

184
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Alpha1 blocker, decreases bladder resistance. For benign prostatic hypertrophy.

185
Q

Temazepam

A

benzodiazepines for sedation. Short, immediate half life

slow oral absorption

186
Q

Terazosin

A

alpha blocker. Antihypertensive. For HTN, BPH. Take at bedtime

187
Q

Testosterone Cypionate

A

testosterone IM injection. Long-lasting injection. Take every 2 weeks

188
Q

Testosterone enanthate

A

testosterone IM injection. Long-lasting injection. Take every 2 weeks

189
Q

Tetracaine

A

Amino esters (can cause allergy). Long acting. Metabolized in plasma

190
Q

Thalidomide

A

Multple myeloma. SE: peripheral neuropathy, dizzy, drowsy. Contraindicated for pregnant women

191
Q

Theophylline

A

Xanthine derivative. For Acute bronchospasm. Directly relaxes smooth muscle of respiratory tract.

192
Q

Thiopental

A

Barbituate. Rapid induction. No analgesic effect

193
Q

Ticagrelor

A

Antiplatelet. ADP antagonist. Unstable angina Aspirin >100mg will reduce effects.

194
Q

Tiotropium

A

Inhaled anticholinergic. Relief of acute bronchospasm. Greater role in COPD.

195
Q

Tolcapone

A

COMT inhibitor. Centrally acting. More effect on increasing levodopa half-life, risk of fatal hepatotoxity

increases half life by 100%

196
Q

Topiramate

A

Blocks Na and Ca channel, increase GABA effect, inhibit glutamate. SE: Kidney stones (hydrate!) avoid in renal dysfunction

197
Q

Tramadol

A

non-opiod analgesic, but acts at mu receptor as a tricyclic antidepressant. Lowers seizure threshold.

198
Q

Tranylcypromine

A

MAOI. Used for depression but lots of toxicities. Hypertensive crisis

199
Q

Trazodone

A

5HT2 antagonist, inhibits serotonin reuptake. Safe in overdose, sedating, priapism (painful erection)

200
Q

Tricyclic antidepressant

A

Old drug to treat depression. Increases NE and 5-HT. Take at bedtime, avoid with glaucoma. AE: decrease thyroid function, decrease seizure threshold, LFTs, weight gain. Overdose potential. Avoid in elderly

201
Q

Trihexyphenidyl

A

Antihistamine/anticholinergic. For EPS treatment. SE: dries you up, makes you sleepy. For parkinsons, symtomatic relief of tremor. Can be bad in elderly

202
Q

Valacyclovir

A

Herpes antiviral. Inhibits DNA replication by inhibiting DNA polymerase enzyme. SE: headache, dizziness, rashes, nephrotoxicity, GI. Prodrug of acyclovir

203
Q

Valganciclovir

A

Antiviral. CMV infection prophylaxis.

204
Q

Valproic Acid

A

Antiepileptic. Mood stabilizer for rapid cycle bipolar disorder

205
Q

Valproate

A

blacks Na and Ca channels. Increases GABA. SE: GI, hepatic failure, pancreatitis, thrombocytopenia, SJS, alopecia, weight gain, folate deficiency

206
Q

Vancomycin

A

Can cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Can cause red man syndrome, monitor troph levels. CDIFF. Don’t take antidiarrheals with CDIFF

207
Q

Vecuronium

A

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers. intermediate term 2-4 min onset. Requires mechanical vent, sedation, and pain control

208
Q

Venlafaxine

A

Seratonin Norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). Anticholinergic, sexual dysfuntion, dose-related hypertension

good if SSRI fails

209
Q

Vinblastine

A

Plant Alkaloids. Use: breast cancer, hodgkin and non-hodgkin, kaposi sarcoma. SE: blood disorder, central and peripheral neuropathies, irritation at injection

210
Q

Vincristine

A

Does not cause myelosuppression, most likely causes neurotoxicity, local irritation at site.

211
Q

Warfarin

A

Anticoagulant. Vit K antagonist. Monitor INR (high=risk of bleed). Interacts with all antibiotics. Intxn with garlic, ginkgo, ginseng, glucosamine

212
Q

Zaleplon

A

Z-drug. Treat insomnia. Sonata- short term use (30 days)
10-20 mg at bedtime, 5-10 for elders

AE: next day amnesia, HA, taste disturbences, drowsiness, diffcult with coordination, myalgia/back pain

effects reduced with heavy metals/high fat

213
Q

Ziprasidone

A

Atypical antipsychotic. Less Metabolic (dopaminergic) SE

214
Q

Zolpidem

A

Z-drug. Treat insomnia. Ambien-short term use (7-10

days). not renally dosed

215
Q

Zonisamide

A

Adjunct for partial seizure. Long half life. Less protein bound

216
Q

Prednisone

A

corticosteroid used for transplants and autoimmune diseases

AE: HLD, increased appetite, weight gain, edema, osteopo, HTN, HLD, night sweats, GI, hirsutism

Pharm Final (9 decks)

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