pharm(from shared cardio doc) Flashcards
(219 cards)
1
Q
What is the class of Oxygen?
A
Medical Gas
2
Q
What is the dose range for Oxygen via nasal cannula?
A
1-6 lpm NCL (24%-44%)
3
Q
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Oxygen?
A
Increases the amount of oxygen available to the body’s tissues and saturation in the blood.
4
Q
What are the indications for administering Oxygen?
A
- Hypoxia
- Cardiac Arrest
- Angina
- Stroke
- Respiratory distress
5
Q
What is a contraindication for using Oxygen?
A
Severe COPD (hypoxic drive vs hypercarbia drive)
6
Q
What is the class of Normal Saline?
A
Isotonic Solution
7
Q
What is the typical dose for Normal Saline?
A
250cc, 500cc, 1000cc IV, IO
8
Q
What is the MOA of Normal Saline?
A
Provides fluid resuscitation and restores blood volume.
9
Q
What is a contraindication for using Normal Saline?
A
Heart and kidney failure
10
Q
What is the class of Aspirin?
A
NSAID (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
11
Q
What is the dose for Aspirin?
A
81mg x 4 = 324mg chew
12
Q
What is the MOA of Aspirin?
A
Prevents platelets from clumping together (blood = slippery).
13
Q
What are the indications for administering Aspirin?
A
- Angina
- Suspected MI
14
Q
What is a contraindication for using Aspirin?
A
- Ulcer
- Asthma
- Hypersensitivity
15
Q
What is the class of Nitroglycerin?
A
Vasodilator
16
Q
What is the dose of Nitroglycerin?
A
0.4mg SL q 3-5min
17
Q
What is the MOA of Nitroglycerin?
A
Vasodilation (coronary arteries) and reduces myocardial oxygen demand.
18
Q
What are the indications for Nitroglycerin?
A
- Angina
- ACS
- Heart failure with pulmonary edema
19
Q
What is a contraindication for using Nitroglycerin?
A
- ED drugs
- Hypotension
- Right Ventricular Infarction
20
Q
What is the class of Atropine?
A
Parasympatholytic, anticholinergic
21
Q
What is the dose of Atropine?
A
1mg IVP (max 3 doses)
22
Q
What is the MOA of Atropine?
A
Competes with acetylcholine at receptors on the AV and SA node.
23
Q
What are the indications for Atropine?
A
1st line treatment for sinus bradycardia
24
Q
What is a contraindication for using Atropine?
A
Acute MI
25
What is the class of Clopidogrel (Plavix)?
Antiplatelet
26
What is the dose for Clopidogrel?
300-600mg loading dose
27
What is the MOA of Clopidogrel?
Block ADP binding site (makes it slippery)
28
What are the indications for Clopidogrel?
* Angina
* Suspected STEMI
29
What is a contraindication for using Clopidogrel?
Increased risk of bleeding
30
What is the class of Epinephrine?
Catecholamine, Sympathomimetic, bronchodilator, vasopressor
31
What is the dose range for Epinephrine?
2-10mcg/min (titrate to patient response)
32
What is the MOA of Epinephrine?
Alpha/Beta agonism increases inotropy, chronotropy, systemic vascular resistance.
33
What are the indications for Epinephrine?
* 1st line treatment for cardiac arrest
* Treatment of severe symptomatic hypotensive sinus bradycardia
34
What is a contraindication for using Epinephrine?
Active arrhythmias with a pulse
35
What is the class of Heparin?
Anticoagulant
36
What is the dose for Heparin?
60u/kg up to 4,000U
37
What is the MOA of Heparin?
Prevents conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
38
What are the indications for Heparin?
* Acute STEMI
* ACS
* DVT
* PE
* Ischemic stroke
39
What is a contraindication for using Heparin?
Active bleeding
40
What is the class of Dopamine?
Inotropic agent, vasopressor, adrenergic
41
What is the dose range for Dopamine?
* 1-3 mcg/kg/min for Dopaminergic effect
* 3-10 mcg/kg/min for Beta 1 & 2 and Dopaminergic effect
* 10+ mcg/kg/min for Alpha, Beta 1, Beta 2, and Dopaminergic effect
42
What is the MOA of Dopamine?
Stimulates both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors.
43
What are the indications for Dopamine?
* 2nd line drug for symptomatic bradycardia
* Use for hypertension SBP <70-100 with signs of shock
44
What is a contraindication for using Dopamine?
Tachycardia
45
What is the class of Furosemide (Lasix)?
Loop diuretic
46
What is the dose range for Furosemide?
* 20 to 40 mg IV, IO administered slowly over 1-2 minutes
* Begin with 40 mg in emergent situations
* Max single IV dose is 160 to 200 mg
47
What is the MOA of Furosemide?
Inhibits the absorption of sodium and chloride ions and water in the loop of Henle.
48
What are the indications for Furosemide?
* Pulmonary edema
* CHF
* Hypertensive emergency
49
What is a contraindication for using Furosemide?
Known sensitivity to sulfonamides or furosemide
50
What is the class of Procainamide?
Antiarrhythmic, Class IA
51
What is the dose for Procainamide?
20mg/min IV infusion (max 17mg/kg)
52
What is the MOA of Procainamide?
Blocks the influx of sodium through membrane pores.
53
What are the indications for Procainamide?
* A-fib with RVR in WPW syndrome
* V-Tach
54
What is a contraindication for using Procainamide?
AV block
55
What is the class of Lidocaine?
Class 1b Antiarrhythmic (Sodium Channel Blocker)
56
What is the dose for Lidocaine in cardiac arrest?
1 - 1.5mg/kg IV
57
What is the MOA of Lidocaine?
Blocks sodium channel channels decreasing slope of phase 0 of depolarization.
58
What are the indications for Lidocaine?
* V-Tach
* V-Fib
59
What is a contraindication for using Lidocaine?
Normally not given to patients who are awake
60
What is the class of Metoprolol?
Class II antiarrhythmic (Beta-Blocker)
61
What is the dose for Metoprolol?
5mg IV q 5min slow over 2min (max 3 doses)
62
What is the MOA of Metoprolol?
Decreased HR, cardiac contractility, BP, and myocardial O2 demand.
63
What are the indications for Metoprolol?
* ACS
* Hypertension
* SVT
* Atrial Flutter
* AFib
* Thyrotoxicosis
64
What is a contraindication for using Metoprolol?
* Pulmonary edema
* Cardiogenic shock
* Hypotension
* Bradycardia
65
What is the class of Amiodarone?
Class III Antiarrhythmic, Potassium Channel Blocker
66
What is the dose for Amiodarone in V-Tach with pulse?
150mg over 10min
67
What is the MOA of Amiodarone?
Blocks sodium, potassium, and calcium channels which prolongs the cardiac action potential.
68
What are the indications for Amiodarone?
* V-Tach with pulse
* Cardiac Arrest
69
What is a contraindication for using Amiodarone?
Hypersensitivity
70
What is the class of Diltiazem?
Calcium channel blocker (Class IV antiarrhythmic)
71
What is the dose for Diltiazem?
15-20 mg (0.25 mg/kg) over 2 min SLOW IV PUSH
72
What is the MOA of Diltiazem?
Calcium channel blockade inhibits calcium transport into the cell.
73
What are the indications for Diltiazem?
* Ventricular rate control in AFib RVR
* A-flutter
74
What is a contraindication for using Diltiazem?
It may cause hypotension
75
What is the class of Adenosine?
Antiarrhythmic (regular)
76
What is the dose for Adenosine?
6mg Rapid IVP (IO) followed by 20cc NS flush
77
What is the MOA of Adenosine?
Slows the conduction of the electrical impulses of the AV node.
78
What are the indications for Adenosine?
SVT (AVNRT)
79
What is a contraindication for using Adenosine?
Sick sinus syndrome
80
What is the class of Etomidate?
Anesthetic induction agent, Sedative, Hypnotic
81
What is the dose range for Etomidate?
0.2 to 0.6 mg/kg slow IV, IO
82
What is the MOA of Etomidate?
Enhances the activity of the GABA receptors in the central nervous system.
83
What are the indications for Etomidate?
* Procedural Sedation
* Induction for rapid sequence intubation
84
What is a contraindication for using Etomidate?
Hypersensitivity
85
What is the class of Ketamine?
Analgesic, Sedative
86
What is the dose for Ketamine in RSI?
1.5mg/kg (0.75mg/kg IV in shock)
87
What is the MOA of Ketamine?
NMDA Receptor stimulator.
88
What are the indications for Ketamine?
* Pain
* Anesthesia for procedures of short duration
* RSI Induction agent
89
What is a contraindication for using Ketamine?
Hypoglycemia or known sensitivity
90
What is the class of Versed (Midazolam)?
Benzodiazepine
91
What is the dose range for Versed?
0.2-0.3mg/kg
92
What is the MOA of Versed?
Binds to drug-specific receptors of the GABA complex.
93
What are the indications for Versed?
To promote amnesia and sedation
94
What is a contraindication for using Versed?
Use caution in volume-depleted or hemodynamically compromised PTs.
95
What is the class of Fentanyl?
Opioid Analgesic
96
What is the dose range for Fentanyl?
50-100mcg/min (max total 300mcg)
97
What is the MOA of Fentanyl?
Binds to mu-opioid receptors in the central nervous system.
98
What are the indications for Fentanyl?
* Moderate to severe pain
* Procedural sedation
99
What is a contraindication for using Fentanyl?
Hypersensitivity
100
What is the class of Propofol?
Anesthetic
101
What is the dose for Propofol?
1.5mg/kg
102
What is the MOA of Propofol?
Enhances GABA activity at the GABA receptor complex.
103
What are the indications for Propofol?
Induction agent of choice for pregnant PT’s
104
What is a contraindication for using Propofol?
Use caution in PTs with egg allergy
105
What is the class of Morphine?
Opioid Analgesic
106
What is the dose for Morphine?
2-4mg IV
107
What is the MOA of Morphine?
Binds to the mu-opioid receptors in the central nervous system.
108
What are the indications for Morphine?
* Moderate to severe pain
* Angina
* CHF
* Pulmonary edema
109
What is a contraindication for using Morphine?
Hypotension
110
What is the class of Succinylcholine?
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
111
What is the dose for Succinylcholine?
2mg/kg rapid onset
112
What is the MOA of Succinylcholine?
Competes with ACH receptors of the motor end plates on the muscle cells.
113
What are the indications for Succinylcholine?
To induce paralysis for the facilitation of ET intubation
114
What is a contraindication for using Succinylcholine?
Malignant hyperthermia
115
What is the class of Rocuronium?
Non-depolarizing NM blocker
116
What is the dose for Rocuronium?
1.5mg/kg IV/IO push
117
What is the MOA of Rocuronium?
Competitive NMBA, Non-depolarizing.
118
What are the indications for Rocuronium?
Provides skeletal muscle relaxation to facilitate ET intubation.
119
What is a contraindication for using Rocuronium?
Known sensitivity to bromides.
120
What is the class of Vecuronium?
Non-depolarizing NMBA
121
What is the dose for Vecuronium?
0.1mg/kg
122
What is the MOA of Vecuronium?
Antagonizes ACH receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
123
What is the onset time for IO push medications?
40 seconds
124
What is the duration of action for IO push medications?
40-60 minutes
125
What is the mechanism of action for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA)?
Competitive NMBA
126
What is the primary indication for using non-depolarizing NMBA?
Provides skeletal muscle relaxation to facilitate ET intubation
127
What is a contraindication for non-depolarizing NMBA?
Known sensitivity to bromides
128
What is the dose of Vecuronium?
0.1 mg/kg
129
What is the onset time for Vecuronium?
1-2 minutes
130
What is the duration of action for Vecuronium?
25-30 minutes
131
What is the mechanism of action for Vecuronium?
Antagonizes ACH receptors at the neuromuscular end plates, inducing paralysis
132
What are the indications for Vecuronium?
NMB for ET intubation
133
What is the dose range for Diazepam (Valium)?
2-5 mg IV/IM
134
What is the onset time for Diazepam?
1-5 minutes
135
What is the duration of action for Diazepam?
15-60 minutes
136
What is the primary mechanism of action for Diazepam?
Benzodiazepine that depresses CNS
137
What are the indications for Diazepam?
Post-intubation sedation
138
What is a contraindication for Diazepam?
Inadequate pulmonary function, hypotension, and apnea
139
What class of medication is Albuterol?
Adrenergic bronchodilator
140
What is the dose of Albuterol for nebulization in COPD/Asthma?
2.5 mg
141
What is the duration of action for Albuterol?
3-6 hours
142
What is the mechanism of action for Albuterol?
Relaxes airways and smooth muscles, causing bronchodilation
143
What are the indications for Albuterol?
COPD, Asthma
144
What is a contraindication for Albuterol?
Known hypersensitivity
145
What class of medication is Dexamethasone?
Corticosteroid
146
What is the dose of Dexamethasone?
0.6 mg/kg up to 10 mg IV
147
What is the mechanism of action for Dexamethasone?
Suppresses inflammation and immune response
148
What are the indications for Dexamethasone?
Anaphylaxis, Asthma
149
What is a contraindication for Dexamethasone?
Untreated infections, Hypersensitivity
150
What class of medication is Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?
Antihistamine
151
What is the dose range for Diphenhydramine?
25-50 mg IV/IM
152
What is the mechanism of action for Diphenhydramine?
Antagonizes histamine effects
153
What are the indications for Diphenhydramine?
Allergic reaction
154
What is a contraindication for Diphenhydramine?
Known hypersensitivity, Asthma (controversial)
155
What class of medication is Epinephrine?
Bronchodilator
156
What is the dose range for Epinephrine in anaphylaxis?
0.3-0.5 mg SQ/IM of epi 1:1,000
157
What is the mechanism of action for Epinephrine?
Beta-2 adrenergic effects causing bronchodilation
158
What are the indications for Epinephrine?
Anaphylaxis, Severe Asthma
159
What is a contraindication for Epinephrine?
Known hypersensitivity
160
What class of medication is Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)?
Anticholinergic bronchodilator
161
What is the dose of Ipratropium Bromide?
0.5 mg nebulized
162
What is the mechanism of action for Ipratropium Bromide?
Inhibits bronchial secretions and constriction by blocking parasympathetic response
163
What are the indications for Ipratropium Bromide?
Asthma/COPD
164
What is a contraindication for Ipratropium Bromide?
Known hypersensitivity
165
What class of medication is Magnesium Sulfate?
Electrolyte
166
What is the dose range for Magnesium Sulfate?
1.2-2 g over 20 mins
167
What is the mechanism of action for Magnesium Sulfate?
Smooth muscle relaxant, bronchodilator
168
What are the indications for Magnesium Sulfate?
Asthma exacerbation
169
What is a contraindication for Magnesium Sulfate?
Known hypersensitivity, Heart blocks
170
What class of medication is Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)?
Corticosteroid
171
What is the dose of Methylprednisolone?
2 mg/kg IV/IM, 125 mg IV/IM
172
What is the mechanism of action for Methylprednisolone?
Suppresses inflammation and immune response
173
What are the indications for Methylprednisolone?
Severe asthma
174
What is a contraindication for Methylprednisolone?
Known hypersensitivity, Untreated infection
175
What class of medication is Epinephrine used in cardiac arrest?
Catecholamine, adrenergic agent, vasopressor, bronchodilator
176
What is the dose of Epinephrine for cardiac arrest?
1 mg (1:10,000) IV/IO q3-5mins
177
What is the mechanism of action for Epinephrine in cardiac arrest?
Beta 1 & 2 agonist, Alpha 1 agonist
178
What are the indications for Epinephrine in cardiac arrest?
Cardiac arrest or symptomatic bradycardia
179
What is a contraindication for Epinephrine in cardiac arrest?
Known hypersensitivity or to Patient with cardiac arrhythmias
180
What class of medication is Amiodarone?
Class III antiarrhythmic
181
What is the dose for Amiodarone in V-Fib/pV-Tach?
300 mg IV/IO followed by a second dose of 150 mg IV/IO
182
What is the mechanism of action for Amiodarone?
Prolongs action potential and refractory period; slows sinus rate
183
What are the indications for Amiodarone?
Ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia
184
What is a contraindication for Amiodarone?
Known hypersensitivity, Cardiogenic shock
185
What class of medication is Lidocaine?
Class IB antiarrhythmic
186
What is the dose of Lidocaine for cardiac arrest?
1-1.5 mg/kg IV/IO
187
What is the mechanism of action for Lidocaine?
Suppresses automaticity and spontaneous depolarization of ventricles
188
What are the indications for Lidocaine?
Alternative to amiodarone in cardiac arrest from VF/VT
189
What is a contraindication for Lidocaine?
3rd degree AV block
190
What class of medication is Magnesium?
Mineral/Electrolyte
191
What is the dose of Magnesium in cardiac arrest due to TdP?
1-2 g IV/IO diluted in 10 mL of D5 or NS
192
What is the mechanism of action for Magnesium?
Essential for the activity of many enzymes
193
What are the indications for Magnesium?
Polymorphic V-Tach with Torsades de Pointes
194
What is a contraindication for Magnesium?
Heart block, Hypocalcemia
195
What class of medication is Calcium Chloride?
Electrolyte, positive inotrope
196
What is the dose of Calcium Chloride for hyperkalemia?
500-1000 mg IV/IO
197
What is the mechanism of action for Calcium Chloride?
Returns Ca++ levels to normal for optimal function of nerves and muscles
198
What are the indications for Calcium Chloride?
Hyperkalemia, Hypocalcemia
199
What is a contraindication for Calcium Chloride?
None in the emergent setting
200
What class of medication is Sodium Bicarbonate?
Alkalizing agent
201
What is the dose of Sodium Bicarbonate?
1 mEq/kg IV bolus
202
What is the mechanism of action for Sodium Bicarbonate?
Acts as a buffer to hydrogen ions, reduces acidosis
203
What are the indications for Sodium Bicarbonate?
Hyperkalemia, acidosis, prolonged downtime
204
What is a contraindication for Sodium Bicarbonate?
Lack of effective ventilation
205
What class of medication is Lorazepam (Ativan)?
Benzodiazepine, Schedule C-IV
206
What is the dose range for Lorazepam?
1-2 mg IV/IM
207
What is the mechanism of action for Lorazepam?
Enhances the effects of GABA, resulting in sedation and anticonvulsant activity
208
What are the indications for Lorazepam?
Pre-procedure sedation induction, Anxiety, Status Epilepticus
209
What is a contraindication for Lorazepam?
Known sensitivity to lorazepam, COPD, Shock
210
What class of medication is Midazolam (Versed)?
Benzodiazepine, Schedule C-IV
211
What is the dose range for Midazolam?
5-10 mg IV/IM
212
What is the mechanism of action for Midazolam?
Enhances the effects of GABA, producing CNS depression
213
What are the indications for Midazolam?
Sedation, Anxiety, Skeletal muscle relaxation
214
What is a contraindication for Midazolam?
Acute-angle glaucoma, pregnant women, known sensitivity
215
What class of medication is Diazepam (Valium)?
Benzodiazepine, Schedule C-IV
216
What is the dose range for Diazepam?
2-5 mg IV/IM
217
What is the mechanism of action for Diazepam?
Enhances the effects of GABA, producing CNS depression
218
What are the indications for Diazepam?
Seizures, Anxiety, Alcohol withdrawal
219
What is a contraindication for Diazepam?
Children younger than 6 months, Acute-angle glaucoma, CNS depression
