PHARM GROUP 8 Flashcards
(20 cards)
CLASSIFICATIONS OF HTN BASED ON BP READINGS
NRM BP: 90-119/ 60-79
PRE-HTN: 120-139/ 80-89
STAGE 1 HTN: 140-159/90-99
STAGE 2 HTN: > OR = 160/ > OR = 100
ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HTN: > OR = 140/ <90
COMMON CAUSES OF SECONDARY HTN
RENAL DISORDERS
- DISEASES LIKE CKD OR RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS
ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
- SUCH AS HYPERALDOSTERONISM, CUSHINGS SYNDROME, PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA, AND THYROID ABNORMALITIES
COMMON ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION DRUGS LIKE SILDENAFIL ?
- HYPOTENSION
- HEADACHE
- DYSPEPSIA
- PRIAPISM (PROLONGED ERECTION)
- VISUAL LOSS
MAIN INDICATIONS FOR LOOP DIURETICS
- MANAGEMENT OF EDEMA ASSOCIATED WITH CHF
- CONTROL OF HTN
- INCREASED RENAL EXCRETION OF CALCIUM IN HYPERCALCEMIA
GABAPENTIN
- MAY RELIEVE VASOMOTOR SYMPTOMS
- SHOULD BE LIMITED TO THOSE WHO CANNOT TAKE HRT
- MAY CAUSE DROWSINESS
CONTRACEPTIVE CYCLE MANAGEMENT
21/7 REGIMEN:
- 21 DAYS OF ACTIVE PILLS, FOLLOWED BY 7 DAYS OF INACTIVE OR PLACEBO PILLS
EXTENDED CYCLE PRODUCTS (LOESTRIN 24, YAZ, BEYAZ):
- SHORTENED PERIOD OF INACTIVE PILLS TO REDUCE WITHDRAWAL BLEEDING
CONTINUOUS DOSING (SEASONALE; JOLESSA):
- 91 DAY REGIMEN WITH 84 DAYS ACTIVE, 7 DAYS OFF (4 WITHDRAWALS PER YEAR)
- LYBREL: 28 DAY CYCLE WITH NO WITHDRAWAL BLEEDING
WHAT IS A MAJOR CONCERN WHEN USING BETA BLOCKERS IN BLACK PEOPLE ?
BETA BLOCKERS ARE LESS EFFECTIVE AS MONOTHERAPY IN BLACK PEOPLE SO THEYRE OFTEN COMBINED WITH A DIURETIC FOR BETTER EFFICACY
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ACETOZOLAMIDE (DIAMOX)
- METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
- HYPOKALEMIA
- DROWSINESS
- PARESTHESIA
- HEMATURIA
- PHOTOSENSITIVITY
INDICATIONS FOR BETA BLOCKERS
MI
ANGINA
CARDIAC DYSRHYTMIAS
HTN
HEART FAILURE
MIGRAINES
WHAT ARE CENTRALLY ACTING ALPHA-2 AGONISTS AND GIVE 2 EXAMPLES
REDUCE BP BY DECREASING SYMPATHETIC OUTFLOW
EXAMPLES…
CLONIDINE (CATPRES)
METHYLDOPA (ALDOMET)
COMMON INDICATIONS FOR ATROPINE AND WHY IS IT CONTRAINDICATED IN GLAUCOMA ?
ATROPINE IS USED TO TREAT SYMPTOMATIC BRADYCARDIA, PREOPERATIVE SECRETIONS CONTROL, AND ORGANOPHOSPHATE POISONING
IT IS CONTRAINDICATED IN GLAUCOMA DUE TO ITS PPUPIL DILATING EFFECT WHICH INCREASES INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE `
WHAT IS THE FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE KIDNEYS ?
NEPHRON
WHAT IS HTN AND WHAT ARE ITS DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA ?
CONDITION CHARACTERIZED BY PERSISTENTLY ELEVATED BP
DIAGNOSED WHEN…
SYSTOLIC BP = > 140
DIASTOLIC BP = > 90
WHAT ARE THE COMMON ALPHA- BLOCKERS AND THEIR USES ?
DOXAZOSIN, PRAZOSIN, TERAZOSIN (AFFECT PROSTATE AND BP)
USES
- TREAT HTN, BPH. AND RAYNAUDS DISEASE
HOW DO CARBONIC ANYHDRASE INHIBITORS (CAI’S) WORK ?
CAI’S INHIBIT THE ACTIVITY OF CARBONIC ANYDRASE IN THE PROXIMAL TUBULE, REDUCING THE FORMATION OF HYDROGENS AND BICARB FROM CARBONIC ACID AND WATER, CAUSING REVERSIBLE INHIBITION OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE ACTIVITY
CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR THE USE OF BETHANECHOL
- INTESTINAL OR URINARY OBSTRUCTION
- SEVERE BRADYCARDIA
- HYPOTENSION
- PEPTIC ULCER
- ASTHMA
- COPD
- PARKINSONISM
WHAT DO SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS MIMIC ?
THE EFFECTS OF THE CATECHOLAMINES NOREPINPINEPHRINE, EPINEPHRINE, AND DOPAMINE
WHAT IS THE PRIMARY EFFECT OF THE SNS ON THE BODY ?
PRIMARY EFFECT IS ON THE HEART AND LUNGS, PROMOTING “FIGHT OR FLIGHT” RESPONSES, INCLUDING RAISING HR, CONTRACTILITY, AND DILATED PUPILS.
IT CAN INCREASE INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE, WHICH IS CONTRAINDICATED FOR GLAUCOMA PATIENTS
CLONIDINE
REDUCES VASOMOTOR SYMPTOMS AND HAS A SEDATIVE EFFECT
REQUIRES MONITORING OF BP
WHAT ARE THE HIDDEN EFFECTS OF SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS ?
- BRAIN PREPARES BODY FOR ACTION
- ADRENALINE IS RELEASED FOR FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE
- BP RISES
- LIVER RELEASES GLUCOSE FOR ENERGY
- DIGESTION SLOWS/STOPS
- SPHINCTERS CLOSE AND RELAX
- CORTISOL IS RELEASED, DEPRESSING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
