Pharm II Exam 1 Drug Cards

Question 1

Alprazolam - Class

Answer 1

Benzodiazepine

Question 2

Alprazolam - Use

Answer 2

Anxiety, panic disorder, alcohol withdrawal

Question 3

Alprazolam - Mechanism of Action (MOA)

Answer 3

Enhances GABA, causing CNS depression

Question 4

Alprazolam - Side Effects

Answer 4

Sedation, lightheadedness, amnesia, dependence

Question 5

Diazepam - Class

Answer 5

Benzodiazepine

Question 6

Diazepam - Use

Answer 6

Anxiety, seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal

Question 7

Diazepam - Mechanism of Action (MOA)

Answer 7

Enhances GABA activity

Question 8

Diazepam - Side Effects

Answer 8

Drowsiness, respiratory depression

Question 9

Buspirone - Class

Answer 9

Atypical Anxiolytic

Question 10

Buspirone - Use

Answer 10

Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 11

Buspirone - Mechanism of Action (MOA)

Answer 11

Binds serotonin and dopamine receptors

Question 12

Buspirone - Side Effects

Answer 12

Dizziness, headache, nausea

Question 13

Promethazine - Class

Answer 13

Antihistamine (1st gen)

Question 14

Promethazine - Use

Answer 14

Nausea, pre-op sedation, allergy

Question 15

Promethazine - Mechanism of Action (MOA)

Answer 15

H1 receptor blocker

Question 16

Promethazine - Side Effects

Answer 16

Sedation, dry mouth, respiratory depression

Question 17

Diphenhydramine - Class

Answer 17

Antihistamine (1st gen)

Question 18

Diphenhydramine - Use

Answer 18

Allergies, insomnia, motion sickness

Question 19

Diphenhydramine - Mechanism of Action (MOA)

Answer 19

Blocks histamine H1 receptors

Question 20

Diphenhydramine - Side Effects

Answer 20

Drowsiness, dry mouth, urinary retention

Question 21

Drug Class - Benzodiazepines

Answer 21

CNS depressants that enhance GABA to reduce anxiety, induce sedation, and treat seizures, muscle spasms, and alcohol withdrawal.

Question 22

Benzodiazepine - Mechanism of Action

Answer 22

Potentiate the effect of GABA (an inhibitory neurotransmitter) - CNS depression, relaxation, reduced anxiety, and sedation.

Question 23

Common Benzodiazepines

Answer 23

Alprazolam, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Clonazepam, Midazolam

Question 24

Alprazolam (Xanax)

Answer 24

Used for anxiety and panic disorders. Rapid-acting. High risk of dependence. Short-term use only.

Question 25

Diazepam (Valium)

Answer 25

Used for anxiety, muscle spasms, seizures, and alcohol withdrawal. Long half-life.

Question 26

Benzodiazepine - Indications

Answer 26

Anxiety disorders, seizures, insomnia, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal, preoperative sedation

Question 27

Benzodiazepine - Adverse Effects

Answer 27

Sedation, dizziness, confusion, anterograde amnesia, respiratory depression, dependence, withdrawal symptoms

Question 28

Benzodiazepine - Signs of Withdrawal

Answer 28

Anxiety, tremors, diaphoresis, insomnia, seizures, hypertension

Question 29

Benzodiazepine - Toxicity Antidote

Answer 29

Oral: Gastric lavage (stomach pump) and activated charcoal IV: Administer Flumazenil and monitor vital signs

Question 30

Benzodiazepine - Contraindications/Precautions

Answer 30

Pregnancy, breastfeeding, substance use disorders, sleep apnea, liver disease, elderly (fall risk)

Question 31

Benzodiazepine - Nursing Considerations

Answer 31

Use short-term; Monitor for respiratory depression; Avoid alcohol and CNS depressants; Taper slowly; Fall precautions in elderly

Question 32

What are the four main classifications of antidepressants?

Answer 32

TCAs, MAOIs, SSRIs, SNRIs

Question 33

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) - Class Action

Answer 33

Reduce the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine into nerves.

Question 34

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) - Prototype

Answer 34

Amitriptyline

Question 35

Amitriptyline - Uses

Answer 35

Depression, bipolar depressive episodes, neuropathic pain.

Question 36

Amitriptyline - Adverse Effects

Answer 36

Orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects, tachycardia.

Question 37

Amitriptyline - Contraindications

Answer 37

Pregnancy, seizure disorders, coronary artery disease, urinary retention, suicide risk.

Question 38

Amitriptyline - Interactions

Answer 38

MAOIs, St. John's Wort, antihistamines, CNS depressants.

Question 39

MAO Inhibitors (MAOIs) - Class Action

Answer 39

Inhibit the effects of MAO, increasing norepinephrine or serotonin.

Question 40

MAOIs - Prototype

Answer 40

Phenelzine

Question 41

Phenelzine (MAOIs) - Uses

Answer 41

Depression, bulimia nervosa, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 42

Phenelzine (MAOIs) - Adverse Effects

Answer 42

Hypertensive crisis with tyramine, tachycardia, vasoconstriction.

Question 43

Phenelzine (MAOIs) - Interactions

Answer 43

TCAs, SSRIs, ephedrine, amphetamines.

Question 44

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) - Action

Answer 44

Block the reuptake of serotonin with minimal effect on norepinephrine.

Question 45

SSRIs - Common Drugs

Answer 45

Fluoxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, sertraline.

Question 46

SSRIs - Uses

Answer 46

Depression, OCD, panic attacks, bulimia, PTSD, PMDD, social anxiety.

Question 47

SSRIs - Adverse Effects

Answer 47

Sexual dysfunction, insomnia, agitation, weight changes, serotonin syndrome.

Question 48

SSRIs - Serotonin Syndrome Symptoms

Answer 48

Confusion, hallucinations, seizures, cardiovascular shock, diaphoresis, coma.

Question 49

SSRIs - Client Education

Answer 49

Taper dose, recognize serotonin syndrome symptoms.

Question 50

SSRIs - Interactions

Answer 50

TCAs, MAOIs, St. John's Wort, warfarin.

Question 51

Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) - Action

Answer 51

Block reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.

Question 52

SNRIs - Prototype

Answer 52

Venlafaxine

Question 53

SNRIs - Uses

Answer 53

Major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder.

Question 54

SNRIs - Adverse Effects

Answer 54

Withdrawal syndrome, suicide risk in youth, sexual dysfunction, serotonin syndrome.

Question 55

SNRIs - Interactions

Answer 55

MAOIs, alcohol, other CNS depressants.