Pharm II Final Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
Alprostadil
A
ED, shortest onset (30 min)
2
Q
Sildenafil
A
ED, viagra, up to 4 hrs
SE: blue/green color discrimination
3
Q
Tadalafil
A
ED cialis, longest DOA (36 hrs), not influenced by food
4
Q
ED drugs
A
Do not take with nitrates (can create hypotension)
Inhibits PDE-5 (degrades cGMP)
5
Q
Alendronate
A
biphosphonate, first line for postmenopausal females
6
Q
Ibandronate
A
biphosphonate, taken quarterly
7
Q
Osteoporosis
A
Main drugs cause esophageal irritation
remain upright for 30-60 minutes after taking
Biphosphates decrease osteoclast activity
8
Q
Zoledronic acid
A
biphosphonate, IV once a year
9
Q
Calcitonin
A
for osteoporosis, taken nasally, decreases calcium concentration in blood
10
Q
Teriparatide
A
for osteoporosis
last resort for those with high risk for fractures and not responding to other meds
11
Q
Orlistat
A
obesity drug
lipase inhibitor
only one that does NOT increase BP of heart rate
take vitamins with this drug
12
Q
Diethylpropion
A
Obesity drug
appetite suppressant
adrenergic agonist
13
Q
Acetaminophen
A
non-NSAID- Tylenol
Inhibits PG synthesis in CNS
Good for mild pain and fever
SE: Toxic to liver with alcohol
14
Q
Phentermine
A
obesity drug
appetite suppressant
adrenergic agonist
15
Q
Aspirin
A
NSAID
Adverse effects: GI bleeding
CI: Reye’s syndrome in children with viral infection
16
Q
Misoprostol
A
Prostaglandin
for GI protection (ulcers)
CI-Pregnancy, CAUSES ABORTION (first term)
used with mifepristone
17
Q
Indomethacin
A
NSAID
reversibly inhibits COX
Less GI problems that other NSAIDs
(any other stuff?)
18
Q
Sulindac
A
NSAID
similar to indomethacin but less potent
19
Q
Cholchichine
A
Gout drug
inhibits leukocyte entry
For ACUTE gout, also chronic
20
Q
Dihydroergotamine
A
Migraine drug
good for acute headaches
5HT1D receptor; SE more nausea, CI pregnancy
(on past quiz)
(sumatriptan was also on a previous quiz for acute headaches
21
Q
Hydroxychloroquine
A
DMARD malarial drug first line RA Ocular toxicity, bull's eye retinopathy (probably on test)
22
Q
Methotrexate
A
DMARD
immunosuppressant
may need Folic acid supplements
23
Q
Leflunomide
A
DMARD
immuno modulator
monotherapy or with methotrexate
24
Q
Ocreotide
A
Ant. Pituitary hormone
Treats acromegaly, treat esophogeal varices
analog of somastatin
inhibits release of growth hormone and IGF1
Remember usually first tx is removal of adenoma
25
Leucovorin
DMARD
reduced Folic acid
reduces SE of methotrexate
26
Misoprostol
Prostaglandin
for GI protection (ulcers)
CI-Pregnance, CAUSES ABORTION (first term)
used with mifepristone
27
Bromocriptine
Ant. Pituitary hormone
For hyperprolactinemia
inhibits production of prolactine at dopamine receptors
28
Allopurinol
Gout drug
interferes with uric acid synthesis
reduces purines
29
Febuxostat
Gout drug
| Decreases uric acid production
30
Porbenecid
Gout drug
| increases renal clearance of uric acid in proximal tubule
31
Raloxifene
for osteoporosis, SERM
first line alternative for postmenopausal females
for those who can't have biphosphates
(was on a quiz)
32
Methysergide
Migraine drug
| used for prophylaxis of cluster headaches/migraine
33
Zolmitriptan
Migraine drug
| Similar to dihydroergotamine but with less nausea
34
Pegvisomat
SOMAVERT Ant. Pituitary hormone
analog of growth hormone
inhibits growth hormone receptor
for REFRACTORY acromegaly (giganticism)
35
Somatotropin
growth hormone
36
Gonadorelin
Ant. Pituitary hormone
agonists at GnRH receptors, obtained from hypothalamus. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), essential for the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary. Continuous release inhibits gonadotropin release.
37
Leuprolide
Ant. Pituitary hormone
Suppressing production of the gonadal hormones. Treatment of prostatic cancer, endometriosis, and precocious puberty. SE: Women: hot flushes, diminished libido, depression, ovarian cysts. Men: rise in testosterone that results in bone pain, hot flushes, edema, diminished libido.
38
Sitagliptin JANUVIA
DPP-4 inhibitor
| allows incretin to not be broken down as fast
39
Calcitonin
for osteoporosis, taken nasally, decreases calcium concentration in blood
Thyroid hormone too
40
Tamoxifen
SERM
| competes with estrogen to bind in receptor in breast tissue, for metastatic breast cancer
41
Meclizine
Antiemetic
| long duration, for vertigo and nausea from motion
42
Leuprolide
Ant. Pituitary hormone
Suppressing production of the gonadal hormones. Treatment of prostatic cancer, endometriosis, and precocious puberty. SE: Women: hot flushes, diminished libido, depression, ovarian cysts. Men: rise in testosterone that results in bone pain, hot flushes, edema, diminished libido.
43
Propylthiouracil
Thyroid Hormone
Stops oxidation of iodine and formation of T3/T4
thioamide, good for graves
44
Methimazole
Thyroid Hormone
Stops oxidation of iodine and formation of T3/T4
thioamide, good for graves, as above, also in children before gland destroyed with radioactive iodine
Less liver toxicity
45
Levothyroxine
Thyroid hormone replacement
Synthetic T4
For hypothyroid
46
Insulin glargine
Long lasting insulin analog
| lasts 20-24 hrs
47
Insulin lispro
Insulin analog
| Short acting, just a few hours
48
Glyburide
diabetic drug
| sulfonylurea, increase insulin release from beta pancreatic cells
49
Exantide
incretin mimetic, Byetta
slows stomach emptying and decreases glucagon release, increases insulin release
SE- acute pancreas inflmmation
50
Nateglinide
insulin secretagogue
Rapid onset, short DOA
before meal
51
Metformin
insulin sensitizer (this is the main diabetic drug)
Biguanide
decreases insulin resistance
increases GLUT-4 transport, extended
52
Verapamil
Calcium Channel Blocker
More cardio selective
(SE-constipation)
(was on previous quiz)
53
Pioglitazone
Glitazone, TZD
increases insulin sensitivity
24 hrs DOA
54
Clomiphene
SERM
partial estrogen agonist, stimulates ovulation
Good for infertility
(on previous quiz)
55
Tamoxifen
SERM
| competes with estrogen to bind in receptor in breast tissue, for metastatic breast cancer
56
Mifepristone
Antiprogestin
| used for abortion, with mifeprostol
57
Metoprolol
Selective Beta 1 blocker (preferred)
| decrease heart rate/force, must taper
58
Medroxyprogesterone
progestin (synthetic)
2 year contraceptive
SE: possible osteoporosis and/or fractures if taken too long
59
Dutasteride
Antiadrogen
| Treats problems with urination caused by an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH
60
Ketoconazole
Antiandrogen
treats fungus (antifungal)
ex: treat seborrheic dermatitis
For cushings syndrome?
61
Eplererenone
Aldosterone antag
Diuretic (antihypertensive)
treats hirsuitism
62
Nitroprusside
Organic Nitrate
63
Sodium Nitrate
Organic Nitrate
Dilate vessels
Good antidote for constricted vessels?
64
Lovastatin
Statin
Prodrug, decreases de novo cholesterol synthesis
SE- myopathy, liver failure
65
Carvediol
```
Beta blocker (nonselective beta and alpha 1)
Treats high blood pressure and congestive heart failure and reduces the risk of death after a heart attack.
```
66
Oxytocin
Posterior pituitary
| stimulates uterine contraction to start labor
67
Nifedipine
Calcium Channel Blocker
more vascular selective
(SE- constipation)
68
Verapamil
Calcium Channel Blocker
More cardio selective
(SE-constipation)
(was on previous quiz)
69
Lidocaine
Na Channel Blocker
Good for presurgery and pain
Good for ventricular fibrillation
70
Digoxin (digitalis)
Cardiac Glycoside
treats afib best
usually with ACEi and diuretic
71
Clopidogrel
Platelet Inhibitor (block platelet aggregation)
irreversibly inhibiting the binding of ADP to receptors
Preferred, prodrug
72
Losartan
ARB
| Treats high BP
73
Olmestartan
ARB
| ester prodrug
74
Furosemide
Loop Diuretic
| Good for pulmonary edema
75
Labetalol
Beta blocker and alpha blocker
antagonists of adrenoreceptors
For HTN crisis
76
Metoprolol
Selective Beta 1 blocker (preferred)
| decrease heart rate/force, must taper
77
Propanolol
Beta blocker
| non-selective, available IV
78
Ramipril
ACE inhibitor (suffix -pril)
First line for heart failure, SE: dry cough from bradykinin
Longer term
79
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide Diuretic
| weak diuretic
80
Doxazosin
alpha blocker
| Treats problems with urination caused by an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH), also treats high BP
81
Prazosin
```
alpha blocker (competitive)
treats HTN
```
82
Aliskiren
Renin Inhibitor (direct)
not routinely combined w/ ACEi or ARB
SE: cough, angioedema, subject to many drug reactions, CI- pregnancy
83
Minoxidil
Treats HTN
| vasodilator, decrease BP, Big thing to know: can cause hair growth (treat male pattern baldness)
84
Atorvastatin
Statin
Most potent
SE- myopathy, liver failur
85
Lovastatin
Statin
Prodrug, decreases de novo cholesterol synthesis
SE- myopathy, liver failure
86
Simvastatin
Statin
Prodrug
SE- myopathy, liver failure
87
Niacin
Nicotinic Acid, vitamin b3
Most effective for increasing HDL levels
SE- skin flush, pruritis, avoid in liver disease
88
Fenofibrate
Fibrate
Increase lipoprotein lipase (know this!)
Lower serum triacylglycerol (increase HDL levels a little)
89
Gemfibrozil
Fibrate
Increase lipoprotein lipase (know this!)
Lower serum triacylglycerol
90
Ezetimibe
Cholesterol absorption inhibitor
| Interferes with dietary lipid absorption and biliary cholesterol
91
Cholestyramin
Bile Acid Sequestrant
Prevent reabsorption from the intestine by forming insoluble complex with bile acids and salts.
SE- poor absorption, vitamin supplements needed
92
Dipyridamole
Platelet Inhibitor
Coronary vasodilator, inhibits cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, decreases thromboxane A2 synthesis, (prophylactically for angina pectoris, in combo with aspirin or warfarin)
93
Ticlopidine
Platelet Inhibitor
block platelet aggregation
severe SE: include neutropenia, TTP (Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura), and aplastic anemia
94
Altepase
Thrombolytic
Fibrin selective
Activate conversion of plasminogen to plasmin (which breaks down clots)
95
Coumarin
Anticoagulant
clotting factors with reduced function
Vit K antagonist (like warfarin)
96
Enoxaparin
Anticoagulant
| low molecular weight heparin, predictable in anticoagulant response
97
Heparin
Anticoagulant
| activates antithrombin III, IV fast acting, prevent venous thrombosis, treats pulmonary embolism & acute MI
98
Aminocaproic acid
Tx bleeding
inhibit plasminogen activation
(know difference with protamine sulfate)
99
Protamine sulfate
Tx bleeding
high in arginine, positively charged
(antidote for heparin)
100
Vitamin K
Tx bleeding
| Cofactor for coagulation
101
Erythropoietin
Anemia Tx
| Glycoprotein, regulates RBC production
102
Folic Acid
Anemia Tx
Helps make RBCs bigger
Needed in pregnancy
103
Hydroxyurea
Sickle Cell Tx
decreases RBCs
increases fetal Hb levels (resistant to sickling)
104
Pentoxifylline
Sickle Cell Tx
| increases deformability of RBCs
105
Warfarin
Anticoagulant
Vit K antagonist
Delayed action
106
Atropine- antidote
For anticholinesterase overdose
107
Fomepizole- antidote
For poisoning of methanol wood alchohol
| aka antifreeze
108
Flumazenil- antidote
benzodiazepine overdose (psychoactive drugs, makes patient drowsy)
109
N-acetylcysteine- antidote
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
110
Sodium Nitrate- antidote
Cyanide poisoning
111
Succimer- antidote
lead poisoning
112
Levonorgestrel
Progestogen
| 'Day after pill' to prevent pregnancy
113
Betamethasone
steroid
Long lasting
used for respiratory distress syndrome in infants
114
Cortisol
steroid
favors gluconeogenesis via protein catabolism/lipolysis, combats stress, anti-inflammatory, inhibit Phospholipase A2, suppresses release of ACTH
115
Dexamethasone
steroid
For mild ocular inflammation, can be used to diagnose
Cushing via dexasuppression test,respiratory distress syndrome in infants
116
Prednisolone
steroid
more efficacious than loteprednol, intermediate acting
severe inflamm: uveitis, episcleritis
117
Hydrocortisone
steroid
short acting
Use for Addison's disease
118
Prednisolone
steroid
more efficacious than loteprednol, intermediate acting
severe inflamm: uveitis, episcleritis
119
Diphenhydramine BENADRYL
```
Allergy drug
first generation (SE:drowsiness)
```
120
Fexofenadine ALLEGRA
Allergy drug
| third generation
121
Loratidine CLARITIN
Allergy drug
| second generation
122
Rantidine ZANTAC
Allergy drug
H2 antihistamine
Also used for peptic ulcers, GERD
