Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Hem/onc Exam 2 > Pharm: Immunomodulating Drugs > Flashcards

Pharm: Immunomodulating Drugs Flashcards

(58 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What class of drugs regulates gene expression (BY INHBITING SYNTHESIS OF EICOSANOIDS) and interferes with cellular immunity?

A

Corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prednisone, Dexamethasone, and FLUDROCORTISONE (as well as Cortisone, Triamcinolone and Betamethasone) belong to what class of immune-modulating drugs?

A

Corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What drugs are used as FIRST LINE immunosuppression for solid organ transplant and hematopoietic stem cell transplant?

A

Corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What effect does corticosteroids have on glucose?

A

Causes hyperglycemia –> STEROID DIABETES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are two major side effects of corticosteroids associated with long term use?

A

Osteoporosis and Glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What 2 drugs belong to the “Calcineurin inhibitor” Class?

A

Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What drug binds to cyclophilin?

A

Cyclosporine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens after cyclosporine binds to cyclophilin?

A

Inhibits T-cell activation –> Decreases IL-2, IL-3, IFN-gamma
Inhibits Calcineurin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What organ transplants is Cyclosporine used for?

A

Cadaveric –> Kidneys, Liver, Pancreas, Cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the role of Cyclosprine in Graft-vs-Host disease?

A

Tx of G-vs-H disease AFTER hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Combined with methotrexate.
STANDARD PROPHYLAXIS TO PREVENT G-VS-H DISEASE AFTER ALLOGENIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 4 Autoimmune disorders is cyclosporine indicated for? (one bolded)

A

UVEITIS, RA, psoriasis, asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What should you know about the metabolism of cyclosporine?

A

Metabolized by the P450 3A enzyme in the liver –> resultant multidrug interactions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of inducers on the P450 system?

A

Inducers DECREASE the half-life and blood levels of the drug.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the most important (bolded) toxicities of cyclosporine? (4)

A

Induces TGF-Beta;
Promotes tumor invasion and metastasis;
Increases incidence of lymphomas;
Kaposi’s Sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tacrolimus belongs to what drug class?

A

Calcineurin inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the MOA for Tacrolimus?

A

Binds to immunophilin FK-binding protein (FKBP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Clinical indications, metabolism, and toxicity of tacrolimus are similar to what other drug? What is the difference between the 2 drugs?

A

Cyclosporine –> Tacrolimus is more potent than cyclosporine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sirolimus belongs to what drug class?

A

Proliferation signal inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the MOA of sirolimus?

A
  • Binds to Immunophilin (FKBP-12) but does NOT inhibit calcineurine.
  • BLOCKS mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) –> BLOCKS THE RESPONSE OF T CELL TO CYTOKINES
  • A potent inhibitor of B-cell proliferation and immunoglobulin production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most important toxicity associated with Sirolimus?

A

PROFOUND MYELOSUPPRESSION, especially thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

RH0 Immune Globulin Micro-Dose is used in the prevention of what disease?

A

Hemolytic disease of newborns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the indications for Hyperimmune Immunoglobulins?

A

Respiratory syncytial virus; CMV; Varicella zoster, Human Herpes virus-3; Hep B; Rabies; Tetanus; Digoxin overdose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What drugs classification does Alemtuzumab, Bevacizumab, Cetuximab, Gemtuzumab, Rituximab, and Trastuzumab fit into?

A

Monoclonal Antibodes - which are Immunosuppressive antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

MOA of Alemtuzumab?

Study These Flashcards
A

Humanized IgG1 that binds to CD52 on normal and malignant B and T lymphocytes, NK cells, monocytes, and macrophages

25
What is Alemtuzumab used for?
Tx of REFRACTORY B CELL LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients treated with alkylating agents who have failed fludarabine therapy
26
What is the MOA of Bevacizumab?
- Humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that BINDS TO VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF) and inhibits VEGF from binding to its receptor, especially endothelial cells. - An ANTI-ANGIOGENIC DRUG that inhibits growth of blood vessels (angiogenesis) in tumors
27
Clinical indications for Bevacizumab?
FIRST-LINE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER alone or in combo with 5-FU chemo
28
What is important to remember about giving Bevacizumab to patients?
- Contraindicated around surgery 28 days before or after the surgery due to increased risk of hemorrhage. - Contraindicated in patients with HTN (Systolic >160)
29
MOA of Cetuximab
- Human-mouse chimeric - TARGETS EPIDERMAL GORWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (EGFR) - Binds EGFR and inhibits tumor cell growth via: Decrease in kinase activity; Matrix metalloproteinase activity; and increased apoptosis
30
Clinical use of Cetuximab?
In patients with METASTATIC COLORECTAL cancer (tumor over-expression of EGFR)
31
MOA of Gemtuzumab?
Humanized IgG4 with a kappa light chain specific for CD33 FOUND ON LEUKEMIC BLAST CELLS IN 80-90% OF PATIETNS WITH AML
32
Clinical use of Gemtuzumab?
Approved for RELAPSED CD33 ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
33
MOA of Rituximab?
- Chimeric murine-human IgG1 that binds to CD20 molecule on Malignant B lymphocytes - Causes: Induction of apoptosis; complement-mediated lysis; Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
34
Clinical use of Rituximab?
Approved for the therapy of PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY low-grade or follicular, B-CELL NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA
35
MOA of Trastuzumab?
A recombinant DNA-derived, human monoclonal antibody that binds to the extracellular domain of the HUMAN EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR receptor HER-2/neu
36
Clinical use of Trastuzumab?
Treatment of METASTATIC BREAST CANCER in patients whose tumors over-express HER-2/neu
37
What disease causes rapid destruction of the kindeys and bleeding into the lung?
Goodpasture's Disease
38
What is the treatment of Goodpasture's Disease
Prednisolone, Cyclophosphamide, Plasma exchange
39
What hypersensitivity reaction is SLE?
Type II
40
What test is positive in SLE?
ANA
41
What is the treatment for SLE?
Steroids (Prednisolone tabs, methylprednisolone IV), Cyclophosphamide, Azathioprine
42
What is the standard first-line prophylaxis to prevent Graft-vs-Host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplant?
Cyclosporine combined with Methotrexate
43
Tx or Vasculitis
Steroids, cyclophosphamide, Azathioprine, Plasma exchange
44
Tx of sjogren's syndrome:
Hydroxychloroquine
45
Tx of Dermatomyositis:
Prednisone, Methotrexate, Azathioprine, Mycophenolate, Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine
46
Tx of Psoriasis:
Betamethasone, Cyclosprine
47
MOA of Mycophenolate Mofetil:
INOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (IMPDH) INHIBITOR | - Hydrolyzed to MYCOPHENOLIC ACID - the active immunosuppressive moiety
48
3 Clinical uses of Mycophenolate Mofetil:
1. Used for solid organ transplants for REFRACTORY REJECTION (second line to cyclosporine) 2. AN ALTERNATIVE TO CYCLOSPORINE OR TACROLIMUS 3. For PROPHYLAXIS to prevent G-vs-H disease (aside: used in combo with prednisone)
49
Which hypersensitivity is this: Allergy to certain drugs when the drug is not capable of inducing an immune response by covalently binding to a host-carrier protein (hapten)?
Type I
50
Immune response to Type I hypersensitivity:
Immune system detects the drug-hapten conjugate and responds by generating IgE ANTIBODIES SPECIFIC FOR DRUG-HAPTEN COMPLEX.
51
Tx for Type I hypersensitivity:
Prednisone or desensitization to drugs
52
Auto immune disease with IgG antibodies binding to drug-modified tissues followed by complement system activation and destruction of the cells or by phagocytic cells with Fc receptors = what type of hypersensitivity?
Type II
53
Tx for Type II sensitivity?
Immunosuppressive therapy used for severe cases
54
Serum sickness and Vasculitic Reactions are what type of hypersensitivy?
Type III
55
Which type of Hypersensitivity is this? Urticarial and erythematous skin eruptions, arthralgia, arthritis, lymphadenopathy, glomerulonephritis, peripheral edema, and fever.
Type III
56
Immune vasculitis can be induced by what drugs?
Sulfonamides, penicillin, thiouracil, anti-convulsants, iodides
57
Type III Hyper-sensitivity reactions involve what antibodies?
IgM and IgG
58
Tx for Type III hyper-sensitivity?
Glucocorticoids. | Severe cases: Plasmapheresis to remove offending drug from circulation

Hem/onc Exam 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions