Pharm midterm

Question 1

Side effects of TB Medications

Answer 1

neurotoxicity, hepatoxicity, numbness of hands and feet, n/v/d, confusion

Question 2

What medication turns urine orange

Answer 2

Rifampin

Question 3

Action of Epoetin Alpha

Answer 3

Increases red blood cells

Question 4

Primary use for Filgrastim

Answer 4

Chronic neutropenia or neutropenia secondary to chemotherapy

Question 5

What is the only hematopoietic growth factor that enhances platelet production

Answer 5

Oprelyekin

Question 6

Blood cell booster medications

Answer 6

Oprelyekin, Filgrastim, Epoetin Alpha

Question 7

Signs of IV infiltration

Answer 7

Redness, swelling, puffy and hair skin, pain around the site, blanching

Question 8

Vincristine side effects

Answer 8

Neurotoxicity, numbness and tingling of the limbs, muscle weakness, pain

Question 9

Tamoxifen side effects

Answer 9

Initial “tumor flare”, thromboembolism, PE, DVT, edema, hot flashes, n/v

Question 10

Action of Leucovorin

Answer 10

For severe bone marrow suppression (usually give with chemo)

Question 11

Antidote to Methotrexate

Answer 11

Leucovorin

Question 12

Drugs that interact poorly with grapefruit

Answer 12

lopinavir with ritonavir (Kaletra), Calcium channel blockers: nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine, Antitussives nonopioid: dextromethorphan, Statins (atorvastatin), Macrolides (ERYTHOMYCIN),Immunosuppressants (CYCLOSPORINE

Question 13

Side effects of Ferrous Sulfate

Answer 13

Common adverse effects-GI upset, nausea, constipation, dark stools, teeth staining- (liquid form), hypotension (IV route)

Question 14

Disorder in which blood has reduced capacity to carry oxygen because of hemorrhage, excessive erythrocyte destruction, or insufficient erythrocyte synthesis.

Answer 14

Anemia

Question 15

decrease in bone marrow activity that results in reduced production of blood cells

Answer 15

Myelosuppression

Question 16

What can fluconazole do to blood glucose

Answer 16

raises blood sugar

Question 17

Side effects of nitroglycerin

Answer 17

headache*, flushing, fainting, dizziness, tingling

Question 18

What vitals should you check before giving a beta blocker

Answer 18

Heart rate and BP (hold if HR is below 60)

Question 19

Schedule that has the highest potential for physical and psychological dependency (heroin, LSD)

Answer 19

Schedule 1

Question 20

Schedule that has the high potential for dependency (oxy, cocaine)

Answer 20

Schedule 2

Question 21

Schedule that has moderate potential for abuse (codeine)

Answer 21

Schedule 3

Question 22

Schedule with lower potential for abuse and dependency (clonazepam, lorazepam)

Answer 22

Schedule 4

Question 23

Schedule with lowest potential for abuse

Answer 23

Schedule 5

Question 24

Normal BP range

Answer 24

120/80

Question 25

Slightly elevated BP Range

Answer 25

120-129/80

Question 26

Stage 1 hypertension range

Answer 26

130-139/80-89

Question 27

Stage 2 hypertension range

Answer 27

140 and up/90 or higher

Question 28

Hypertensive crisis range

Answer 28

180 or higher/120 or higher

Question 29

Lifestyle Changes for hypertension

Answer 29

Eating healthy, exercise, low salt, no alcohol or smoking, stress management

Question 30

How do loop diuretics work and affect sodium levels

Answer 30

Block reabsorption of sodium

Question 31

How do potassium-sparing diuretics work and affect potassium and sodium levels

Answer 31

Block action of aldosterone causing water retention and the body retains more potassium and excretes sodium

Question 32

How do osmotic diuretics work and affect potassium and sodium levels

Answer 32

Increase osmotic pressure, the water is then reabsorbed by the kidney and excreted out of the body with sodium and potassium

Question 33

How do you address medication contradictions

Answer 33

Read them before administering, read BBW, check med history, monitor for adverse affects

Question 34

Antidote for opioids

Answer 34

Naloxone (Narcan)

Question 35

Antidote for benzos

Answer 35

Flumazenil

Question 36

Antidote for pressor extraversion

Answer 36

Phentolamine mesyltate

Question 37

General labs to monitor before medications

Answer 37

AST, ALT, BUN, CBC

Question 38

Lab values that would indicate dehydration

Answer 38

Raised serum urea,Raised creatinine, Reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), Increased urea:creatinine ratio, Hypernatraemia (loss of water greater than salt loss), Raised serum or urine osmolality, Raised urine specific gravity.

Question 39

Medications that adversely effect the liver

Answer 39

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) Amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone) Allopurinol (Zyloprim) Azathioprine (Imuran) Methotrexate Risperidone (Risperdal) and quetiapine (Seroquel)

Question 40

Normal sodium levels

Answer 40

136-145

Question 41

Normal potassium levels

Answer 41

3.5-5

Question 42

Normal calcium levels

Answer 42

9.0-10.5

Question 43

Normal Magnesium levels

Answer 43

1.3-2.1

Question 44

Normal chloride levels

Answer 44

98-106

Question 45

Normal phosphorus levels

Answer 45

3.0-4.5

Question 46

What patients more often receive diuretic medications

Answer 46

Pts with edema, heart failure, kidney failure, cirrhosis of the liver, high blood pressure

Question 47

What foods are rich in potassium

Answer 47

Bananas, spinach, potatoes, avocados, sweet potatoes, nuts, carrots, green leafy veggies, orange/melon

Question 48

Signs and symptoms of hypervolemia

Answer 48

edema, tachycardia, bounding pulse, hypertension, SOB, cough

Question 49

Signs and symptoms of hypovolemia

Answer 49

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, weakness, confusion, tachycardia, decreased urine output

Question 50

Signs and symptoms of acidosis

Answer 50

Metabolic Acidosis- nausea, vomiting, fatigue, tachypnea/deep breathing Respiratory acidosis- headache, confusion, shallow/slow breathing

Question 51

Signs and symptoms of alkalosis

Answer 51

cognitive impairment, tingling/numbness in extremities, twitching, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia