PHARM - pharm of abused substances Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in PHARM - pharm of abused substances Deck (20)
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1
Q

example of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effect of tolerance

A

PK: increased enzymes that break down drug (decreased bioavailability)
PD: down regulation of receptors

2
Q

opioid receptors important for addiction

A

mu receptors

3
Q

define opium, opiate, opioid

A

opium - liquid from poppy plant
opiate - substance derived from opium
opioid - synthetic or partially synthetic with morphine like actions

4
Q

difference between morphine and codeine

A

extra methyl group on codeine

5
Q

contrast morphine and codeine

A

intake: codein is only oral while morphine is numerous
F: codeine higher, at 90% orally

6
Q

heroin potency in comparison to morphine

A

2x

7
Q

what are the semi-synthetic opioids?

A

oxycodone (percocet)

hydrocodone (vicodin)

8
Q

hydrocodone in comparison to oxycodone

A
  • faster onset
  • shorter half life
  • shorter duration
  • pain relief about half of oxycodone
  • does not have an active metabolite while oxycodone does
9
Q

fully synthetic opioids

A

methadone

10
Q

suboxone is a combo of…

A

buprenorphine and naloxone

11
Q

discuss how buprenorphine works

A

very strong affinity for mu receptor so it knocks off heroin and methadone, and it takes a long time to dissociate, but it is only a partial agonist, whereas methadone and heroin are full agonists, so buprenorphine can induce withdrawal if it is displacing a full agonist

12
Q

early opiate withdrawal signs

A
Lacrimation 
Yawning
Rhinorhea 
Sweating
Sense of anxiety and doom (leads to desperate measures)
13
Q

middle opiate withdrawal signs

A
Restless sleep
Dilated pupils (mydriasis)
Anorexia
Gooseflesh
Irritability
Tremor
14
Q

late opiate withdrawal signs

A
Increase in all previous signs and symptoms
Increase in heart rate and BP
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Abdominal cramps
Depression
Muscle cramps
Weakness
Bone pain
15
Q

contrast the mechanisms of cocaine and amphetamine

A

they have equivalent effects

cocaine blocks presynaptic DA reuptake transporter

amphetamines enter DA neurons via reuptake and then interact intracellularly to cause DA reverse transport into synaptic cleft

16
Q

what does MDMA do?

A
  • acutely increases serotonin levels by blocking reuptake and by releasing neurotransmitter directly
  • chronically reduces serotonin levels by depleting serotonin stores and inhibiting synthesis of serotonin
17
Q

most commonly used drugs along with MDMA

A
  • marijuana
  • meth
  • ketamine
18
Q

what is gammahydroxybutyrate GHB and what is it normally prescribed for?

A

CNS depressant, sedative/hypnotic
precursor of GABA
for narcolepsy and cataplexy

19
Q

what is rohypnol?

A

muscle relaxant, sedative
date rape drug
at high doses: loss of muscle control, loss of consciousness, cheap drunk

20
Q

what is ketamine?

A
  • anesthetic
  • antagonist of glutamate NMDA receptors
  • trance like state
  • prevents higher centers from experiencing visual, auditory and pain sensations