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PHARMACOLOGY > Pharm PNS I > Flashcards

Pharm PNS I Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

What does the autonomic system innervate?

A

Involuntary organs

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2
Q

What are two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest)

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3
Q

What is the resting tone?

A

The resting level of activity in the normal animal

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4
Q

What does the somatic nervous system innervate?

A

organs under voluntary control (ex. skeletal muscles)

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5
Q

The fiber length for post ganglionic neurons in the PNS are…

A

Short

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6
Q

Neurotransmitters in the pre ganglions of the PNS are?

A

Acetylcholine (nicotinic)

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7
Q

Neurotransmitters in the post ganglions of the PNS are?

A

Acetylcholine (muscarinic)

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8
Q

PNS is in what region?

A. Craniosacral
B. Thoracolumbar

A

A. Craniosacral

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9
Q

SNS is in what region?

A. Craniosacral
B. Throacolumbar

A

B. Thoracolumbar

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10
Q

What is the fiber length of pre ganglions in the SNS?

A

short

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11
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is found in the pre ganglion of SNS?

A

acetylcholine

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12
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is found in the post ganglion of SNS?

A

norepinephrine

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13
Q

Where is acetylcholine released from?

A

Pre-synaptic neurons in:

  • pre-ganglionic neurons (SNS, PNS)
  • post-ganglionic terminal (PNS)
  • somatic terminals (NMJ)
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14
Q

What breaks down acetylcholine?

A

Acetylcholinesterase (in synapse) and Pseudocholinesterase (plasma/other tissues)

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15
Q

Where is the neurotransmitter Norepinephrine released from?

A

Synaptic nerve endings of neurons

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16
Q

Where is the neurotransmitter Epinephrine released from?

A

Adrenal gland

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17
Q

What type of receptors are Cholinergic receptors?

A

Nicotinic and Muscarinic

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18
Q

What type of receptors are Adrenergic receptors?

A

Alpha and Beta

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19
Q

What kind of receptor is a nicotinic receptor?

A

Inotropic receptor

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20
Q

What kind of receptor is a muscarinic receptor?

Study These Flashcards
A

metabotropic receptor

21
Q

Which muscarinic receptors are stimulatory?

22
Q

Which muscarinic receptors are inhibitory?

23
Q

What does SLUDD stand for?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Digestion 
Defication
24
Q

Where do you normally find muscarinic (M1) receptor and what changes do they make?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • GI tract smooth muscles to increase gastric secretion
  • smooth muscle contraction
  • urinary bladder smooth muscle
  • myocardium to decrease heart rate
  • exocrine glands to increase exocrine secretions
25
What will a drug do in relation to the receptor?
Drug will act as an agonist and will bind to the receptors
26
What are some thangs about a-1?
- it is the most common adrenergic receptor - found on vascular smooth muscle - vasoconstriction - increase blood pressure (MAP) - Mydriasis (dilation of the pupil) - sphincter contraction (urinary bladder and GI tract) - glycogenolysis
27
What are some thangs about a-2?
- found in brain and spinal cord - found in vascular endothelium - found in endocrine organs - decrease insulin - decrease renin - decrease Norepinephrine release - decrease pancreatic secretion
28
What are some thangs about B-1?
- found in the myocardium to mediate HR - found in adipose tissue - increase heart rate - increase cardiac contractility - lipolysis - smooth muscle relaxation - increase renin to increase blood pressure
29
What are some thangs about B-2?
- airway smooth muscle (to open up airways) - found in vascular smooth muscle - bronchodilation - vasodilation - smooth muscle relaxation - increase blood to skeletal muscle - cycloplegia (paralysis of ciliary muscles in the eye) - glycogenolysis - increase in insulin - increase in norepinephrine release
30
What are the main effects of the Vasopressin receptors?
- increases the amount of solute-free water reabsorbed back into the circulation by renal tubular cells --> main site of action is the collecting ducts - arteriolar vasoconstriction --> increases peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP)
31
Binding to V1 receptor does what to what structures?
- vascular smooth muscle - vasoconstriction - preferentially shunts blood to CNS and heart - platelets - aggregation - juxtaglomerular cells - inhibits renin release
32
Binding to V2 receptor does what to what structures?
- renal collecting ducts - increase water permeability through aquaporins - increase urea ports - endothelial cells - Von Williford Factor release - platelets - Aggregation - vascular endothelium - vasodilation
33
Binding to V3 receptor does what to what structures?
- Pituitary gland - negative feed back for ADH (increase vasopressin will cause a decrease in ADH release) - stimulates ACTH release
34
Autonomic drugs are classified as either MIMETICS or LYTICS. What does MIMETICS mean?
drugs that stimulate (mimic) autonomic input or effects
35
Autonomic drugs are classified as either MIMETICS or LYTICS. What does LYTIC mean?
drugs that block (lyse) autonomic input or effects
36
What does it mean if a drug is "direct-acting"?
They are agonists or antagonist and act directly on the receptor.
37
What does it mean if a drug is "indirect-acting"?
Non-receptor interactions
38
What are some sympathetic stuff about the eye?
- relaxation of ciliary muscle for far vision - contraction of the iris radial muscle (mydriasis) - decrease aqueous humor production
39
What are some parasympathetic stuff about the eye?
- contraction of ciliary muscle (lens accommodation for near vision) - contraction of the iris sphincter muscle (miosis)
40
What are some sympathetic stuff about the heart?
- B-1 - increased heart rate (tachycardia, positive chronotropy) - increased contractility (positive inotropy) - increased automaticity and conduction of AV node (positive dromotropy)
41
What are some parasympathetic stuff about the heart?
- M1 - decreased heart rate (bradycardia, negative chronotropy) - decreased contractility (negative inotropy) - decreased AV node conduction (negative dromotropy)
42
What are some sympathetic stuff about the vasculature?
- a-1 and V-1 - vasoconstriction - B-2 and V-2 - vasodilation - a-2 - various (vasoconstriction or vasodilation)
43
What are some parasympathetic stuff about the vasculature?
indirect vasodilation through the release of nitric oxide (NO)
44
What are some sympathetic stuff about the lungs?
- B-2 - bronchodilator - increase in cilia synchronicity - B-1 - increase in pulmonary blood flow
45
What are some parasympathetic stuff about the lungs?
- bronchoconstriction | - increase respiratory secretions
46
What are some sympathetic stuff about the GI tract?
- a-1, B-1, B-2 - decrease motility - closure of sphincters and increased tone - inhibit secretions
47
What are some parasympathetic stuff about the GI tract?
- M1 - increased motility - relaxation of sphincters and decreased tone - stimulate secretion
48
What are some sympathetic stuff about the urinary bladder?
- B-2 - relaxation of detrusor muscle - a-1 - contraction of internal urethral sphincter
49
What are some parasympathetic stuff about the urinary bladder?
- M1 - contraction of detrusor muscle - relaxation of internal urethral sphincter

PHARMACOLOGY (6 decks)

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