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CMOD Block 2 > Pharm: Receptors > Flashcards

Pharm: Receptors Flashcards

1
Q

What type of receptor is responsible for pupil dilation? (contraction of radial muscles/ relaxation of ciliary muscles)

A

Alpha 1 contracts radial muscles and Beta 1 relaxes the ciliary muscles.

Adrenergic receptor - mainly involved in sympathetic stimulation of its targets. Think fight or flight syndrome.

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2
Q

What receptor is responsible for “pinpoint pupils” (aka pupil construction)

A

M3 - muscarinic parasympathetic receptor

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3
Q

What effects does the Beta 1 Adrenergic receptor (and in small part Beta 2) have on the heart?

A

SA node acceleration
Increased contractility
Accelerates ectopic pacemakers

SYMPATHETIC RESPONSE

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4
Q

What receptor is responsible for the parasympathetic action on the heart?

  • Decreased contractility
  • Deceleration of the SA node conduction
A

M2

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5
Q

Can the ventricle’s contractility be increased/decreased?

A

NO! Only atrial contractility can be affected by sympathetic/parasympathetic stimulation.

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6
Q

What receptors are responsible for bronchodilation/bronchoconstriction?

A

Think: Smooth muscle is what causes bronchial diameter changes.

B2 adrenergic receptors cause bronchodilation (RELAX the smooth muscle)

M3 Cholinergic receptors cause bronchoconstriction. (CONTRACTS the smooth muscle)

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7
Q

During fight or flight (sympathetic stimulation) the blood rushes from the extremities and skin surface, to the heart. Superficial blood vessels contract due to smooth muscle contraction. Also, splanchnic bloodflow is decreased (contributing to decreased digestive processes). What receptor is responsible for this action?

A

Alpha adrenergic receptors. (doesn’t specify 1 or 2)

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8
Q

Alpha adrenergic receptors have what effects on the GI tract?

A

Relaxes walls (decreased peristalsis)
Constricts sphincters
Inhibits scretion

(Sympathetic stimulation to the gut during fight or flight….you have other shit to worry about)

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9
Q

When you’re sleeping, parasympathetic innervation to the GI tract takes over. What receptor is responsible for this and what are the actions it produces>

A

M3 cholinergic receptors.

Contract GI tract walls (increased peristalsis)
Relax sphincters (let it flow)
Increases secretion (digestion)
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10
Q

Is erection sympathetic or parasympathetic? How about ejaculation? What receptors are involved with each?

A

Erection - parasympathetic (M receptors)

Ejaculation - sympathetic (alpha receptors)

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11
Q

You get freaked out in the movies and you end up getting goosebumps and start sweating. Is this a sympathetic or parasympathetic response? What receptor causes the contraction of erector pili muscles?

A

Sympathetic - alpha receptors

Cause contraction of erector pili muscles and increased secretion from Apocrine sweat glands

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12
Q

What 2 adrenergic receptors increase glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver?

A

B2 and alpha

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13
Q

Which receptor is responsible for lipolysis in fat cells?

A

B3

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14
Q

You are pregnant. What receptor do you blame for your painful contractions, and which one do you thank for the relaxation in between?

A

Contractions B2

Relaxation of uterine smooth mucle : Alpha adrenergic and M3 cholinergic

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15
Q

Deviation from a normal blood pressure triggers adaptive changes in…..

A

ANS activity and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone levels.

Both hormonal and nervous system responses.

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16
Q

Decrease in BP would result in increased/decreased renin secretion and increased/decreased sympathetic output?

A

a DECREASE in blood pressure causes and INCREASE in Renin production and an INCREASE in sympathetic output.

(increase heart rate/contractility/ECTOPIC PACEMAKERS)

17
Q

Increased blood pressure results in what?

A

Decreases renin output and sympathetic stimulation, and an INCREASE IN PARASYMPATHETIC STIMULATION

18
Q

Increased Renin has what effect?

A

Increased salt and water retention by the kidneys

19
Q

Renin release from the kidneys is mediated by what type of receptor?

A

Beta adrenergic

20
Q

What neurotransmitter will be sent to the SA node of the heart if the blood pressure increases too much?

A

Acetylcholine.

Increase in BP causes decreased sympathetic output, decreased renin secretion, and INCREASED PARASYMPATHETIC OUTPUT!

21
Q

What neurotransmitter/s do Sympathetic neurons use presynaptically and postsynaptically?

A

Presynaptic neurons utilize Acetylcholine.
Postsynaptic neurons with their cell bodies in ganglia utilize adrenaline or norepinephrine.

Exception: Postsynaptic nerves to Eccrine sweat glands are cholinergic.

22
Q

What neurotransmitter is utilized by all the neurons in the parasympathetic stimulatory pathways?

A

Acetylcholine

23
Q

What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on insulin secretion?

A

STIMULATES IT - fat uptake while you sleep.

That’s why you don’t eat before bed.

24
Q

What is the most common cause of peripheral autonomic neuropathy in the developed world?

A
  1. Diabeetus.

2. Alcohol

25
Q

What is the hallmark of generalized autonomic failure?

A

Orthostatic Hypotension WITHOUT pulse acceleration.

Generally, if your blood pressure drops, your sympathetic nervous system responds by increasing contractile, renin release, and increased heart rate.

26
Q

What types of Cardiovascular adverse effects would you expect with the administration of a Non-specific B-blocker?

A

B1 and B2 receptors are responsible for:

  1. Increased contractility
  2. SA node acceleration (increased heart rate)
  3. Acceleration of ectopic pacemakers

So the adverse effects associated with the blockage of these receptors is…

  1. HEART FAILURE
    • heart cannot pump fast/hard enough
  2. NEGATIVE CHRONOTROPIC EFFECTS
    - means an adverse response to the decrease
    in heart rate and contractility
  3. B-BLOCKER WITHDRAWAL
    - heart palpitations, increased BP, etc…
27
Q

What NON-CV adverse effects are associated with the use of B-blockers?

A

Think about where Beta receptors are located in the body: Lungs, liver, fat, bladder, etc…

Lungs: Decreased bronchodilation because B
receptors cause smooth muscle relaxation.

Liver: Decreased glugoneogenesis/glycogenolysis
causes HYPOGLYCEMIA

Fat: Reduced Lipid metabolism, because B3
receptors are necessary for lypolysis.

Hyperkalemia too.

28
Q

What receptor controls all the bodily sphincters?

Loss of this receptor causes urinary and fecal incontinence. Also loss of ejaculation.

A

A1

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors. SYMPATHETIC.

Remember: Sympathetic stimulation tightens all sphincters (you have other shit to worry about), and causes ejaculation.

29
Q

If a man takes an alpha 1 receptor blocker, can he get an erection?

A

YES - he just can’t ejaculate.

30
Q

Serine gas is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. If inhaled, this gas will affect which system more? Parasympathetic or Sympathetic?

A

Parasympathetic. The sole neurotransmitter for parasympathetics is AcH.

31
Q

What will the symptoms of a person who inhaled serene gas be?

A

Think about what the parasympathetic nervous system does: Pinpoint pupils, increases glandular secretions, relaxes sphincters, increases smooth muscle contraction, slows heart rate

  1. Heart: Bradycardia, Hypotension
  2. Respiratory: Increased secretions cause
    rhinorrrhea, bronchorrhea,
    bronchospasm (sm contraction),
    cough, respiratory distress
  3. GI: slobbering, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea , fecal
    incontinence (increased secretions, smooth
    muscle contraction, and sphincter
    relaxation)
  4. Urinary incontinence (sphincter relax, sm
    contraction)
  5. Eyes - blurred vision, miosis (pinpoint pupils)
  6. Diaphoresis - sweating (glands)
32
Q

What’s the short mnemonic to remember what an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor does to you?

A

SLUDGE

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Diarrhea
GI upset
Emesis (vomiting)

or you can use DUMBELS

Diaphoresis/Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis (pinpoint pupils)
Bradycardia, bronchiospasm, bronchorrhea
Emesis (vomiting)
Lacrimation (tearing up)
Salivation
33
Q

What defines Orthostatic Hypotension?

A

A drop in Systolic of 20, and Diastolic of 10 upon standing from a reclined position.

34
Q

What variables contribute to Orthostatic Hypotension?

A 
Hypovolemia
Heart conditions
Anemia
Diabetes or other endocrine diseases
Drugs for Hypertension
Drugs for Depression, anxiety, etc…
35
Q

What receptor type is stimulated when a person has hyperhidrosis? (Excess sweating from BOTH glands)

A

A-Adrenergic –> Apocrine

Muscarinic–> ECCRINE (Remember: All postganglionic sympathetic nerves utilize epinephrine/adrenaline/dopamine EXCEPT those to ECCRINE sweat glads)

36
Q

When you pee, what receptors are being utilized?

A

The bladder is usually under constant sympathetic tone –> contracted internal sphincter and relaxed bladder walls.

When you pee, Parasympathetic stimulation increases, relaxing the sphincter and CONTRACTING smooth muscle in the bladder wall.

CMOD Block 2 (14 decks)

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