Pharm - Toxicities and Side Effects (Drug reactions Part I: Cardio, Endo/Repro, GI, Hematologic)

Question 1

What are 4 potential cardiovascular drug reactions to keep in mind?

Answer 1

(1) Cornoary vasospasm (2) Cutaneous flushing (3) Dilated cardiomyopathy (4) Tosades de pointes

Question 2

What 3 drugs cause coronary vasospasm?

Answer 2

(1) Cocaine, (2) sumatriptan, (3) ergot alkaloids

Question 3

What 4 drugs cause cutaneous flushing?

Answer 3

(1) Vancomycin, (2) Adenosine, (3) Niacin, (4) Ca2+ channel blockers; Think: “VANC = VANComycin, Adenosine, Niacin, Ca2+ blockers”

Question 4

What 2 drugs cause dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 4

(1) Doxorubicin, (2) Daunorubicin

Question 5

What 5 drugs cause Torsades de pointes?

Answer 5

(1) Class III (e.g., sotalol) and (2) class IA (e.g., quinidine) antiarrhythmics, (3) Macrolide antibiotics, (4) Antipsychotics, (5) TCAs

Question 6

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Cocaine, sumatriptan, and ergot alkaloids?

Answer 6

Coronary vasospasm

Question 7

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Vancomycin, Adenosine, Niacin, Ca2+ channel blockers?

Answer 7

Cutaneous flushing

Question 8

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Doxorubicin, daunorubicin?

Answer 8

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 9

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Class III (sotalol) and Class IA (quinidine) antiarrhythmics, Macrolide antibiotics, Antipsychotics, TCAs?

Answer 9

Torsades de pointes

Question 10

What are 8 potential hematologic drug reactions?

Answer 10

(1) Agranulocytosis (2) Aplastic anemia (3) Direct Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia (4) Gray baby syndrome (5) Hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients (6) Megaloblastic anemia (7) Thrombocytopenia (8) Thrombotic complications

Question 11

What 6 drugs cause Agranulocytosis?

Answer 11

(1) Dapsone, (2) Clozapine, (3) Carbamezapine, (4) Colchicine, (5) Methimazole, (6) Propylthiouracil; Think: “Drugs CCCrush Myeloblasts and Promyelocytes”

Question 12

What 6 drugs cause Aplastic anemia?

Answer 12

(1) Carbamazepine, (2) Methimazole, (3) NSAIDs, (4) Benezene, (5) Chloramenphenicol, (6) Propylthiouracil; Think: “Can’t Make New Blood Cells Properly”

Question 13

What 2 drugs cause Direct Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia?

Answer 13

(1) Methyldopa, (2) Penicillin

Question 14

What drug causes Gray baby syndrome?

Answer 14

Chloramphenicol

Question 15

What 7 drugs cause Hemolysis in G6PD deficient patients?

Answer 15

(1) Isoniazid (INH), (2) Sulfonamides, (3) Dapsone, (4) Primaquine, (5) Aspirin, (6) Ibuprofen, (7) Nitrofurantoin; Think: “Hemolysis IS D PAIN”

Question 16

What 3 drugs cause Megaloblastic anemia?

Answer 16

(1) Phenytoin, (2) Methotrexate, (3) Sulfa drugs; Think: “having a BLAST with PMS”

Question 17

What drug causes Thrombotic complications?

Answer 17

OCPs (e.g., estrogens)

Question 18

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Dapsone, Clozapine, Carbamezapine, Colchicine, Methimazole, Propylthiouracil?

Answer 18

Agranulocytosis

Question 19

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Carbamazepine, Methimazole, NSAIDs, Benezene, Chloramenphenicol, Propylthiouracil?

Answer 19

Aplastic Anemia

Question 20

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Methyldopa, Penicillin?

Answer 20

Direct Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia

Question 21

What one drug reaction does Chloramphenicol alone cause?

Answer 21

Gray baby syndrome

Question 22

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Isoniazid (INH), Sulfonamides, Dapsone, Primaquine, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Nitrofurantoin?

Answer 22

Hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients

Question 23

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa drugs?

Answer 23

Megaloblastic anemia

Question 24

What one reaction do OCPs (e.g., estrogens) cause?

Answer 24

Thrombotic complications

Question 25

What are 6 potential GI drug reactions?

Answer 25

(1) Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice (2) Diarrhea (3) Focal to massive hepatic necrosis (4) Hepatitis (5) Pancreatitis (6) Pseudomembranous colitis

Question 26

What drug causes acute cholestatic hepatitis/jaundice?

Answer 26

Erythromycin

Question 27

What 4 drugs/toxins cause focal to massive hepatic necrosis?

Answer 27

(1) Halothane, (2) Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom), (3) Valproic acid, (4) Acetaminophen; Think: "Liver 'HAVAc'"

Question 28

What drug causes hepatitis?

Answer 28

Isoniazid (INH)

Question 29

What 3 drugs cause pseudomembranous colitis?

Answer 29

(1) Clindamycin, (2) Ampicillin, (3) Cephalosporins

Question 30

What GI drug reaction does erythromycin alone cause?

Answer 30

Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice

Question 31

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Halothane, Amanita phalloides, Valproic acid, Acetaminophen?

Answer 31

Focal to massive hepatic necrosis

Question 32

What GI reaction does Isoniazid (INH) alone cause?

Answer 32

Hepatitis

Question 33

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins?

Answer 33

Pseudomembranous colitis

Question 34

What are 4 potential reproductive/endocrine drug reactions?

Answer 34

(1) Adrenocortical insufficiency (2) Hot flashes (3) Hyperglycemia (4) Hypothyroidism

Question 35

With what drug is Adrenocortical insufficiency associated, and in what context?

Answer 35

HPA suppression secondary to glucocorticoid withdrawal

Question 36

What 2 drugs cause Hot flashes?

Answer 36

Tamoxifen, clomiphene

Question 37

What 6 drugs Hyperglycemia?

Answer 37

(1) Tacrolimus, (2) Protease inhibitors, (3) Niacin, (4) HCTZ, (5) Beta-blockers, (6) Corticosteroids; Think: "Taking Pills Necessitates Having Blood Checked"

Question 38

What 3 drugs cause Hypothyroidism?

Answer 38

(1) Lithium, (2) Amiodarone, (3) Sulfonamides

Question 39

What one reaction does glucocorticoid withdrawal alone cause?

Answer 39

Adrenocortical insufficiency

Question 40

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Tamoxifen, clomiphene?

Answer 40

Hot flashes

Question 41

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Niacin, tacrolimus, protease inhibitors, HCTZ, beta-blockers, corticosteroids?

Answer 41

Hyperglycemia

Question 42

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Lithium, amiodarone, sulfonamides?

Answer 42

Hypothyroidism

Question 43

What 2 drugs cause Thrombocytopenia?

Answer 43

(1) Heparin, (2) Cimetidine

Question 44

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Heparin, Cimetidine?

Answer 44

Thrombocytopenia

Question 45

What 5 drugs cause Diarrhea?

Answer 45

(1) Metformin, (2) Erythromycin, (3) Colchicine, (4) Orlistat, (5) Acarbose; Think: "Might Excite Colon on Accident"

Question 46

What 6 drugs cause Pancreatitis?

Answer 46

(1) Didanosine, (2) Corticosteroids, (3) Alcohol, (4) Valproic acid, (5) Azathioprine, (6) Diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ); Think: "Drugs Causing A Violent Abdominal Distress"

Question 47

Which antibiotics predispose to superinfection by resistant C. difficile?

Answer 47

Clindamycin, Ampicillin, Cephalosporins (i.e., those that cause Pseudomembranous colitis)

Question 48

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Metformin, Erythromycin, Colchicine, Orlistat, Acarbose?

Answer 48

Diarrhea

Question 49

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Didanosine, Corticosteroids, Alcohol, Valproic acid, Azathioprine, Diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ)?

Answer 49

Pancreatitis