pharm week 3 Flashcards
(25 cards)
furosemide
brand: lasix
med class: loop diuretic
indication:
- HTN
- Edema relating to heart failure & renal failure
s/e:
- increased urinary frequency
- hypokalemia
- dizziness
- photosensitivity
- rash
chlorthalidone
brand: hygroton/thalitone
med class: thiazide diuretic
indication:
- HTN
- edema
s/e:
-increased urinary frequency
- hypokalemia
- dizziness
- photosensitivity
- rash
hydrochlorothiazide (hctz)
brand: Esidrix
med class: thiazide diuretic; antihypertensive
indication:
- HTN
- Edema
s/e:
- increased urinary frequency
- hypokalemia
- dizziness
- photosensitivity
- rash
triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide (trim/hctz)
brand: Dyazide, Maxdize
med class: Potassium Sparing/thiazide diuretics combination
indication:
- HTN
- edema
s/e:
- increased urinary frequency
- hypokalemia
- dizziness
- photosensitivity
- rash
Potassium Chloride (KCl)
brand: Klor-con
med class: potassium, electrolyte
indication:
- hypokalemia
- prophylaxis hypokalemia
s/e:
- nausea
- indigestion
- arrhythmias (rare but serious)
spironolactone
brand: aldactone
med class: potassium sparing diuretic/ selective aldosterone blocker
indication:
- Heart failure class III-IV
- edema w/ HF
- hypokalemia
- HTN
- nephrotic syndrome
s/e:
- hyperkalemia
- hyponatremia
- gynecomastia
- dizziness
D5W (dextrose 5% in water)
brand:
med class: isotonic IV fluid
indication:
- provides free water when dextrose is metabolized (making it a hypotonic solution)
- expands the ECF and ICF, helpful in rehydrating and excretory purposes
- used to treat hypernatremia
s/e:
- should nOT be used for fluid resuscitation b/c hyperglycemia can result
- should be avoided in pt at risk for increased intracranial pressure
d5lrs (lactated ringers solution in 5% dextrose)
brand: ringer’s lactate or hartmann solution
med class: isotonic iv fluid
indication:
- prevents acidosis & administered to pt w/ metabolic acidosis
- correction of dehydration, sodium depletion, and replace GI tract fluid losses
- fluid loss d/t burns, fistula drainage, and trauma
- the choice for first-line resuscitation for certain pt
s/e:
- do not give to pt who cannot metabolize lactate (liver disease and lactic acidosis pt
- used cautiously for pt with heart failure and renal failure
ringers
brand:
med class: isotonic IV solution
indication:
- prevents acidosis & administered to pt w/ metabolic acidosis
- correction of dehydration, sodium depletion, and replace GI tract fluid losses
- fluid loss d/t burns, fistula drainage, and trauma
s/e:
- no lactate effects
- used cautiously for pt with heart failure and renal failure
45 NaCl (0.45% sodium chloride solution for infusion)
brand: half-strength normal saline (1/2 NS)
med class: hypotonic solution
indication:
- used to replace water in patients who have hypovolemia w/ hypernatremia
s/e:
- hyponatremia d/t dilution of sodium
33 NaCl (0.33% Sodium Chloride Solution)
brand: 5% dextrose in 0.33 sodium chloride, 1/3 strength normal saline
med class: hypotonic solution
indication:
- used to allow kidneys to retain needed amounts of water
- (free water helps kidneys eliminates solutes)
- typically administered with dextrose to increase tonicity
s/e:
- used cautiously in pt with heart failure and renal failure
0.225% NaCl (0.225 Sodium chloride solution)
brand: 5% in dextrose in 0.255 sodium chloride
med class: hypotonic solution
indication:
- used as maintenance fluid for pediatric patients as it is most hypotonic fluid available
- typically administered with dextrose to increase tonicity
s/e:
- bc it is a hypotonic solution, it can make cells swell, so be careful of increase intracranial pressure
- contraindicated in hypovolemia pt and hypotension –> causing cardiovascular collapse
- avoid using in pt with liver disease, trauma, or burns
- monitor for s/s of confusion in older adults, or dizziness (manifestations of volume deficit)
- excessive infusion of hypotonic IV= intravascular fluid depletion, creased BP, cellular edema, and cell damage
d2.5w (2.5% dextrose in water)
brand:
med class: hypotonic solution
indication:
- used to treat dehydration and decrease levels of sodium and potassium
s/e:
- DO NOT administer with blood products as it can cause hemolysis of red blood cells
Hyper NaCl (hypertonic sodium chloride)
brand:
- 3% NaCl
- 5% NaCl
med class: hypertonic solution
indication:
- acute treatment for severe hyponatremia and should only be used in critical situations to treat hyponatremia
- used in pt with cerebral edema
- some pt may need diuretic therapy to assist in fluid excretion
s/e:
- should be infused at a very low rate to avoid risk of pulmonary edema
- if administered in large quantities and rapidly, may cause ECF excess and circulatory overload
Hypertonic dextrose solutions
brand:
med class: hypertonic solution
indication:
- to provide kilocalories for the pt in short term
s/e:
s/e: (for all hypertonic solutions)
- hypervolemia (swelling in extremities, increase breath, high BP, discomfort in body like HA & cramping)
- administer via centraline
- monitor blood glucose (can lead to hyperglycemia)…use w/ caution in pt w/ DM
know that:
5% dextrose are slightly hypertonic but dextrose is quickly metabolized and only isotonic solution remains–> any effect of ICF is temporary
higher concentrations of dextrose are strong hypertonic solutions and must be administered into central veins so that they can be diluted by rapid blood flow
d10w (dextrose 10% in water)
brand:
med class: hypertonic IV solution
indication:
- tx for ketosis of starvation and provides calories, free water, and no electrolytes
s/e:
- do not infuse using same line as blood products as it can cause RBC hemolysis
- should be administered using central line
d20w (dextrose 20% in water)
brand:
med class: hypertonic IV solution
indication:
- diuresis: osmotic diuretic that causes fluid shifts between fluid compartments
s/e: (for all hypertonic solutions)
- hypervolemia (swelling in extremities, increase breath, high BP, discomfort in body like HA & cramping)
- administer via centraline
- monitor blood glucose (can lead to hyperglycemia)…use w/ caution in pt w/ DM
d50w (dextrose 50% in water)
brand: dextrose 50% in water
med class: hypertonic IV solution
indication:
- treat severe hypoglycemia
- administered rapidly via IV bolus
s/e: (for all hypertonic solutions)
- hypervolemia (swelling in extremities, increase breath, high BP, discomfort in body like HA & cramping)
- administer via centraline
- monitor blood glucose (can lead to hyperglycemia)…use w/ caution in pt w/ DM
H Alb (Human Albumin)
brand:
med class: colloid solution
indication:
- increase circulating volume and restore protein levels in burns, pancreatitis, and plasma loss through trauma
- 25% albumin is used together with sodium and water restriction to reduce excessive edema
s/e:
- contraindicated in pt with severe anemia, heart failure, or known sensitivity to albumin
- ACE inhibitors are withheld for at least 24 hours before administering albumin
- hypervolemia, hypertension, dyspnea, crackles, and edema
- monitor coagulation index (increase bleeding times)
Lmwd (low molecular weight dextron)
brand: dextran 40
med class: colloid iv solution
indication:
- used to improve microcirculation in patients with poor peripheral circulation
- treats shock related to vascular volume loss (burns, hemorrhage, trauma, surgery)
- prevents venous thromboembolism on certain surgical procedures
s/e:
- contraindicated in pt with thrombocytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia, and hypersensitivity to dextran
hmwd (high molecular weight dextran)
brand: dextran 70, dextran 75
med class: colloid
indication: used for pt with hypovolemia and hypertension
s/e:
- contraindicated in pt w/ hemorrhagic shock
- s/e for all colloids/nursing considerations: hypervolemia, hypertension, dyspnea, crackles, and edema
- monitor coagulation index (increase bleeding times)
eth starch (etherified starch)
brand: EloHAES, hyperHAES, voluven
med class: colloid iv solution
indication:
- increase intravascular fluid but can interfere with normal coagulation
s/e: n/a
-nursing considerations: hypervolemia, hypertension, dyspnea, crackles, and edema
- monitor coagulation index (increase bleeding times)
gelatin
brand:
med class: colloid iv solution
indication: have lower molecular weight than dextrans and therefore remain in circulation for a shorter period of time
s/e:
ppf (plasma protein fraction)
brand:
med class: colloid iv solution
indication:
- prepared from plasma, and like albumin is heated before infusion
- infuse slowly to increase circulating volume
s/e:
