Pharm Winter FInal Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
Polyene macrolides
A
Amphotericin B
Nystatin
2
Q
Liposomal membrane
A
Amphotericin B
3
Q
Amphotericin B mechanism
A
Binds to sterols in fungal cell membrane
4
Q
Must give parenterally
A
Amphotericin B
5
Q
Causes nephrotoxicity and anemia from decreased erythropoietin release
A
Amphotericin B
6
Q
Treats leishmaniasis, amebic meningoencephalitis and other protozoal infxns
A
Amphotericin B
7
Q
Imidazoles
A
Miconazole
Ketoconazole
8
Q
Triazoles
A
Itraconazole
Fluconazole
9
Q
Azole mechanism of action
A
Inhibit sterol 14 alpha demethylase (a cytochrome p450 enzyme) in ergosterol synthesis causing buildup of lanosterol
10
Q
Side effect from inhibiting steroid biosynthesis resulting in gynecomastia
A
Ketoconazole
11
Q
Drug interactions by inhibiting P450 3A4 enzyme
A
Ketoconazole
12
Q
Inhibits Cyt P450 thus affeting metabolism of cyclosporine, rifampin, and warfarin
A
Fluconazole and Itraconazole
13
Q
Treats cryptococcal meningitis and oropharyngeal and vaginal candidiasis
A
Fluconazole
14
Q
No parenteral formulation available
A
Itraconazole
Griseofulvin
15
Q
Griseofulvin MOA
A
Disrupts mitotic spindle structure arresting metaphase of cell division
16
Q
Deposited in keratin precursor cells
A
Griseofulvin
17
Q
Ultramicrosize absorbed better
A
Griseofulvin
18
Q
Only used for dermatophytoses (tineas) except tinea versicolor
A
Griseofulvin
19
Q
Nystatin MOA
A
Binds to sterols in the fungal cell membrane
20
Q
Too toxic for parenteral use
A
Nystatin
21
Q
Nystatin is used for what
A
Candidal infxns
22
Q
Tolnaftate MOA
A
Inhibits squalene monooxygenase leading to squalene accumulation
23
Q
Mainly used against dermatophytoses (doesn’t say onnly for this though…)
A
Tolnaftate
Terbinafine
24
Q
Terbinafine MOA
A
Inhibits squalene monooxygenase leading to squalene accumulation
25
Echinocandin
Caspofungin
26
Caspofungin MOA
Inhibits synthesis of Beta 1,3 D glucan into polysaccharite cell wall
27
Use of casponfungin
Aspergilloma and Esophageal Candidiasis
28
If given with cyclosporine, increased plasma levels
If given withinducers of drug clearance, decreased plasma levels
Caspofungin
29
Alternative to Ketoconazole since less toxic
Fluconazole
30
Alkylating agents
Mechlorethamine
Cyclophosphamide
Carmustine
Cisplatin
31
Antimetabolites
Methotrexate
Mercaptopurine
Fluorouracil
Cytarabine
32
Natural products
```
Daunorubicin
Doxorubicin
Vinblastine
Vincristine
Etoposide
Paclitaxel
```
33
Hormonal agents
Prednisone
Dexamethasone
Tamoxifen
34
Kinase inhibitors
Imatinib
35
Monoclonal antibodies
Trastuzumab
36
Developed from mustard gas
Mechlorethamine
| Cyclophosphamide
37
Nitrosureas
Carmustine
38
Platinum complexes
Cisplatin
39
Alkylating agents MOA
Damage DNA by transfering reactive alkyl groups to N7 guanine position
Causes DNA breaks and crosslinking of DNA
40
Requires metabolic activation by Cyt P450
Cyclophosphamide
41
Used for brain tumors
Carmustine
42
Nephro and Ototoxic
Cisplatin
43
Folic acid analog
Methotrexate
44
Methotrexate MOA
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
45
Cell cycle specific agents
Antimetabolites
46
What phase does Methotrexate effect
S phase
47
Used for psoriasis and RA
Methotrexate
48
Purine analogs
Mercaptopurine
49
Inhibits a number of enzymes of purine interconversion
Mercaptopurine
50
Converted to nucleotide form by HGPRT
Mercaptopurine
51
Metabolized by xanthine oxidase
Mercaptopurine
52
Inhibits xanthine oxidase
Allopurinol
53
Pyrimidine analogs
Fluorouracil
| Cytarabine
54
Fluorouracil MOA
Inhibits Thimidylate synthetase in DNA synthesis
55
Cytarabine MOA
Inhibits DNA polymerase
56
Cancer antibiotic drugs/Anthracyclines
Daunorubicin
| Doxorubicin
57
Daunorubicin and Doxorubicin MOA
ind to DNA between adjacent strands uncoiling DNA helix
58
Tetracycline ring gives antitumor activity
Daunorubicin
| Doxorubicin
59
Dilated cardiomyopathy side effect
Daunorubicin
| Doxorubicin
60
Used for acute non lymphocytic leukemia
Daunorubicin
61
How does vinblastine differ from vincristine
Vinblastine has methyl group
| Vincristine has formyl group
62
What cell cycle stage is targeted by vinblastine and vincristine
Mitosis
63
Vinblastine/Vincristine MOA
Bind to tubulin of Microtubules leading to metaphase arrest
64
Etoposide MOA
Complexes with Topoisomerase 2 resulting in DNA breaks
65
Etoposide targets what phase of cell cycle
G2
66
Alopecia side effect
Etoposide
| Paclitaxel
67
Paclitaxel MOA
Promotes microtubule assembly (Antimicrotubule)
68
What phase does paclitaxel target
G2 and M
69
Adrenocorticosteroids
Prednisone
| Dexamethasone
70
Cushing Syndrome side effect
Prednisone
| Dexamethasone
71
Antiestrogen
Tamoxifen
72
Tamoxifen MOA
Inhibits estrogen binding to estrogen receptors
73
Side effects are menopausal symptoms of hot flashes
Tamoxifen
74
Most frequently used hormonal therapy for men with breast cancer
Tamoxifen
75
Imatinib MOA
Inhibits Bcr Abl Tyrosine Kinase formed from Philadelphia chromosomal translocation in CML
76
Humanized IgG1 monoclonal natibody
Trastuzumab
77
Trastuzumab MOA
Binds Human epidermal growth factor receptor down regulating the receptors tyrosine kinase signaling
78
Trastuzumab effects what stage of cell cycle
G1
79
First line treatment of HER2 breast cancer
Paclitaxel
| Trastuzumab
80
Which alkylating agent is lipid soluble
Carmustine
81
Pancytopenia side effect
Cytarabine
82
Increases risk of endometrial cancer
Tamoxifen
83
ADHD
Lesdexamfetamine
| Methylphenidate
84
Resistant to metabolism by MAO
Methamphetamine
85
Marketed as bath salts from mostly East Africa and Arabic countries
Cathinone
86
Ephedrine main use
Sympathomimetic agent
87
Traeats narcolepsy and shift work disorder
Modafanil/Armodafanil
88
Amphetamine functions
Stimulates reticular activating system promoting arousal and wakefulness. Suppresses appetite
Sympathomimetic in periphery
89
Amphetamine toxicities
Cardiac from sympathomimetic effx
| CNS effx include hostility, aggression, psychosis, and tactile hallucinations
90
Amphetamine MOA
enhances release and inhibits uptake of NE and DA
91
Chronicaly use causes reduced dopamine in cleft
Amphetamines and Cocaine
92
What has paradoxical effects in the brain to stimulate catecholamine release thus treating ADHD
Amphetamines
93
Can be used as a local anesthetic with vasoconstriction
Cocaine
94
Increases confidence and reinforcement
Cocaine
95
Withdrawal results in lethargy, fatigue, and depression
Cocaine
96
Teratogenic effects
Cocaine, THC
97
Cocaine MOA
Inhibits DA reuptake
98
Methylxanthines
Caffeine, theophylline, aminophylline
99
Amphetamine drugs
```
Amphetamine
Lisdexamfetamine
Methamphetamine
Methylphenidate
Cathinone
Ephedrine
Modafenil
```
100
Treats asthma
Theophylline and Aminophylline
101
Respiratory stimulant in preterm infants
Methylxanthines
102
Stimulates gastric secretion so gotta becareful using in peptic ulcer dz patients
Methylxanthines
103
Diuretic effect
Methylxanthines
104
Dilation of vascular beds
Methylxanthines
105
Methylxanthine overdose pt will present like what
seizures
106
What is the MOA of methylxanthines
Inhibits phosphodiesterase
Blocks adenosine receptors
Release of Ca
107
Spinal cord stimulatns
Strychnine
| Tetanus toxin
108
Strychnine MOA
Antagonist at glycine receptors
109
Use results in seizures
Strychnine
| Tetanus toxin
110
Tetanus MOA
Inhibits release of glycine from renshaw cells
111
Treats apnea in preterm infants
Caffeine
| Theophylline
112
What is the active ingredient in marijuana
Tetra hydrocanacinol (THC)
113
What is very lipid soluble and thus easily gets to the brain
Tetra hydrocanacinol
114
Reddening of the conjunctiva is suggestive of what
THC
115
Treats glaucoma
THC
116
Inhibits vomitingg reflex
THC
117
What are the side effx of cannabinoids
```
Suppresses immune fxn
Lowers testosterone
Teratogenic
Amotivational syndrome
Lung damage
```
118
Which has tolerance and sensitized feelings with chronic use
Marijuana
119
Prevents wasting in AIDS patients
Cannabinoids
120
MOA of Salvia
Agonist at kappa opioid and D2 dompamine receptors
121
What is abused for its hallucinogenic effx
Salvia
122
What serves as a stimulant and pain reliever
Kratom
123
Kratom MOA
Agonist at mu opioid receptors
124
Controls opioid withdrawal symptoms
Kratom
125
Treats Alzheimers
```
Rivastigmine
Donepezil
Memantine
Vitamin E
Selegeline/Deprenyl
```
126
Treats ALS
Riluzole
127
Treats ADHD
Methylphenidate
D amphetamine
Adderall
Atomoxatine
128
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Rivastigmine
| Donepezil
129
What is the problem in Alzheimers
Loss of Ach producing neurons in the frontal cortex and nucleus basalis of Meynert
130
What is the problem with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Cholinergic side effx
131
Memantine MOA
Blocks excitatory actions of glutamate at NMDA receptors in the hippocampus and frontal cortex
132
Antioxidants
Vitamin E
| Selegiline/Deprenyl
133
Orphan drug
Riluzole
134
Riluzole MOA
Inhibits the release of glutamate from nerve endings
135
Mild stimulant
Methamphetamine
136
Powerful stimulant
Amphetamine
137
Mixture of amphetamine salts
Adderall
138
Atomoxatine MOA
Inhibits synaptic reuptake of NE
139
Non stimulating ADHD drug
Atomoxatine
140
Side effx of Atomoxatine
Hepatotoxicity
141
Indoles
Lysergic and diethyamide
Psilocybin and Psilocin
Bufotenin
Ibogaine
142
Phenylethamines
Mescaline
| Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
143
Hallucinogens
```
Lysergic and diethyamide
Psilocybin and Psilocin
Bufotenin
Ibogaine
Mescaline
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
```
144
What are the initial signs of LSD use
Sympathomimetic stuff
145
What are the more slowly developing signs of LSD
Hallucinogenic effects
146
What is the side effect of LSD
Bad trip (panic reactions)
147
Found in mushrooms
Psilocin and Psilocybin
| Bufotenin
148
Toad licking
Bufotenin
149
Autonomic changes are more pronounced than LSD
Mescaline
150
Halucinogenic and stimulant
MDMA
151
Powerful hallucinogen
Ibogaine
152
Suppresses craving for heroin, cocaine, and other drugs
Ibogaine
153
Displays cross tolerance
Hallucinogens
154
No physical withdrawal syndrome
Hallucinogens aside from MDMA
155
Flashback side effects
Hallucinogens
156
Long term difficulty with processing visual information
Hallucinogen Persisting Perceptiong Disorder (HPPD)
157
Anesthetics
Phencyclidine
| ketamine
158
Makes you feel no pain
PCP/Ketamine
159
Rage reactions
PCP/Ketamine
160
Signs of acute PCP/Ketamine poisoing
```
Hyperreflexia
Increased muscle tone
Hypertension
Vertical nystagmus
Convulsions
```
161
PCP/Ketaine MOA
Blocks NMDA receptors
