Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharma Exam > Pharma Exam > Flashcards

Pharma Exam Flashcards

(119 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Morphine main side effects

A

Constipation and vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Caffeine main side effects

A

Insomnia, Tachycardia, dizziness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Isoniazid ,which is used to treat tuberculosis has side effects

A

Peripheral neuritis and hepatotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Clonazepam( used in epilepsy )side effects

A

Ataxia,slurred speech, dizziness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sulfonamides side effects

A

Hypersensitivity,fever ,hemolytic anemia, lupus like syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Morphine toxic effect

A

Respiratory failure with overdose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Paracetamol toxic effect

A

Hepatotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Streptomycin toxic effect

A

Vestibular damage on prolonged use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Imipramine ( antidepressant) toxic effect

A

Cardiac arrythmia with overdose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chloramphenicol toxic effect

A

Aplastic anemia with overdose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Therapeutic index s. Safety index

A

LD50/ED 50 ->1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Therapeutic index

A

TD50/ED50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Crossed tolerance

A

Habituation to all group of a drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tachyphylaxis

A

Quick dev.of tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Abstinence same as

A

Withdrawal syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Idiosyncrasy

A

Unusual drug response on first use that is infrequently observed in most patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Antidote of morphine

A

Nalorphine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Antidote of hard metals

A

Unithiole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Term toxidrome proposed by

A

Mofenson Greesher in 1970

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

All symptoms and signs decrease in which syndrome

A

Sedative hypnotics and opioids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Only peristalsis and perspiration is increased in

A

Cholinergic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Other than perspiration and peristalsis in anticholinergic syndrome ,the other symptoms

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the other symptoms of anticolinergic syndrome

A

Dry mucous membrane, urinary retention,redness of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cholinergic syndrome other symptoms

A

Urination,salivation , lacrimation, diarrhea, muscle fasciculation, paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Hyporeflexia and ataxia seen in which syndrome
Opioids and sedative hypnotics
26
What are the other rare symptoms of opioid abstinence
Diarrhea, vomiting, rhinorrhea, goosebumps, yawning
27
Pulse acceleration with BP lowering is seen in
Tricyclic antidepressants
28
Pulse reductions with increase in BP is seen in
Ergot alkaloids
29
Fast and furious syndrome are
Anticholinergic toxidrome and sympathomimetic toxidrome
30
Anticholinergic toxidromes
Altered mental status,redness of skin, elevated temperature, urinary retention,dry mucous membrane, constipation, pupillary dilation with loss of accomodation
31
For the differential diagnosis of fast and furious syndrome ,we should consider
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and serotonin syndrome
32
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome can be caused by
Antipsychotic drugs
33
Serotonin syndrome can be caused by
Psychotropic drugs like SSRI,MDMA
34
Depressed mental status is caused by which toxidrome
By sedative hypnotics and opioids
35
Combination of drugs used in allergic rhinitis
Cetrizine+ pseudoephedrine
36
Cetrizine can cause
Anticholinergic toxidromes
37
Pseudoephedrine can cause --- toxidrome
Sympathomimetic
38
DILI
Drug induced liver injury
39
Hepatocellular damage can be caused by
Paracetamol and izoniazid
40
Cholesteric damage can be caused by
Amoxiclav and increase in alkaline phosphatase is seen
41
I'm case of regular use of diclofenac, hepatotoxicity develops in
6 to 12 weeks
42
Ten most commondrugs which induce Drug induced acute toxic hepatitis ( DIATH) are
Amoxiclav,co- trimoxazole, diclofenac, nitrofurantoin, izoniazid,minocyclin, cefazolin, azythromycin, ciprafloxacin and levofloxacin
43
Amoxiclav toxicity is directly related to
Clavulanic acid component,which increase hepatotoxicity by 5 to 9 times
44
Risk factors for amoxiclav toxicity
Age more than 65 years,female sex,long lasting and repeated amoxiclav therapy
45
Risk factors for nephrotoxicity
A decrease in absolute or relative intravascular circulatory volume,Age more than 60,DM, Multiple nephrotoxin effect,heart failure, sepsis, chronic renal failure ( GFR less than 60)
46
Drugs class which cause both acute renal failure and electrolyte imbalance
ACEi ,ARB, Selective Cox 2 I, NSAIDS
47
Mood stabilizer lithium has the SE
Nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity
48
Metformin has SE
Lactic acidosis
49
Immunosupressent methotrexate had SE
Myelosuppression
50
Diuretic has SE
Hyperkalemia
51
Cholinopoatiev. .s.cholijominiketic s.parasympathetic agents
M.cholinoreceptor agonists - pilocarpine Anticholinesterases- Neostigmine
52
Chokinonegative s.cholinoblockers,cholinolytic or anticholinergic agents
M.cholinoreceptor antagonists - atropine Acetylcholine release inhibitor - botulinum toxin
53
Cholinergic agents affecting motoric functions
N cholinoreceptor agonist - Nicotine,suxamethonium N cholinoreceptor antagonist - Rocuronium
54
M cholinoreceptor agonist
Pilocarpine
55
Anticholinesterases
Neostigmine
56
M cholinoreceptor antagonists
Atropine
57
Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
Botulinum toxin
58
N cholinoreceptor agonist
Nicotine, suxamethonium
59
N- cholinoreceptor antagonist
Rocuronium
60
Dominant ANS in effector organs with dual innervation are
PNS
61
SANs dominant in
Blood vessel tone regulation and in thermoregulation ( sweat glands)
62
Blockade of PNS in eyes cause
Mydriasis and cycloplegia
63
64
Inhibition of SNS cause BV
Dilation
65
Inhibition of PNS caue
Reduced endocrine secretion,atony of GIT, Tachycardia
66
Muscarinic receptor of eyes , target, effect
M3 receptor,M.sphincter piloris: contraction- mycosis,M.ciliaris: contraction- accomodation
67
Muscarinic receptor in heart,target and effect
M2 receptor,SA node,AV node: decrease HR( negative chronotropy) and decrease conduction velocity ( negative dromotropy),In atrium: decrease contractility
68
Muscarinic receptor in lungs,target and effect
M3, Bronchioles and glands: increase muscle tone and secretion
69
Muscarinic receptor in GIT
M3 ,stomach and intestinal glands, increase muscle tone and motility and secretion
70
Muscarinic receptor in urinary bladder, target, effect
M3, m.detrusor sphincter, increase or decrease Muscle tone
71
Muscarinic receptor in glands, target and effect
M3,sweat, salivary and tear glands, increase secretion
72
Dilation of blood vessels are due to
NO release from blood vessel endothelium
73
Nicotinic receptor in ganglion,receptor,target, effect
NN,autonomic ganglia, stimulation effects depends on PANS/ SANS innervation and dominating state
74
NN receptor is blocked by
Hexamethonium
75
Nicotinic receptor in muscles,target and effect
NM, Neuromuscular synapsis, stimulation - contractions/ hyperactivity of skeletal musculature
76
NM receptor are blocked by
Tubocurarine
77
Nicotinic Ach receptor doesn't have
Second messenger
78
Activation of M1 and M3 will cause release of
IP3
79
M2 activation leads to
Decrease in CAMP production
80
NN and NM are postsynaptic
Sodium potassium ion channel forming receptors
81
Pilocarpine effects
1.miotic effect ( m.sphincter piloris contraction-- mitosis),m.ciliqris contractions - accomodation: increase intraocular flow of fluid through Schlemm canal- reduced IOP 3.increase secretory effect in salivary gland and tears
82
Uses of pilocarpine
Glaucoma attack, xerostomia ( such as sjogrens syndrome)
83
Anticholinesterases
Neostigmine and piridostigmine
84
Does anticholinesterases cross BBB
No
85
Uses of anticholinesterases: Neostigmine and piridostigmine
Myasthenia, Urinary bladder atony,GIT atony, overdose of peripheral muscle relaxants
86
Anticholinesterases exacerbate disease like
Asthma,COPD, bronchospasm, Hyperthyroidism, Gastric ulcer, parkinsonism
87
Long acting anticholinesterases are
Phosphoric acid eaters( chemicals and agricultural insecticides),cross BBB,so CNS toxicity
88
Eg of long acting anticholinesterases
Parathion,sarin,somane,tabune
89
Most common anticholinesterases-in insecticides
Organophosphate and carbamates
90
Toxicology of cholinesterase inhibitor or OP
DUMBBELSS (Diarrhea,Urination, Miosis, Bronchoconstriction, Bradycardia, Excitation of CNS and skeletal muscle, Lacrimation, Salivation , Sweating
91
Treatment of cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity
Atropine and pralidoxime
92
Pralidoxime regenerates
Acetylcholinesterase
93
M.cholinoreceptor antagonist atropine action
Non selective M Acha receptor blocker, Anti secretory,long term mydriatic, cycloplegic, antispasmodic, increase HR through + chrono and dromotropic effect,Dose increase - CNS excitement
94
Uses of atropine
Symptomatic sinus bradycardia,, preoperative to supress hypersecretion,antidote for insecticide poisoning,GIT spasm
95
M cholinoreceptor antagonist SE
Tachycardia, Xerostomia,blurred vision ( mydriasis, cycloplegia, photophobia), constipation
96
CI for M cholinoreceptor antagonist
Closed angle glaucoma, prostate hypertrophy,paralytic ileus
97
98
Interactions of m cholinoreceptor antagonist
Antagonist effect against M- cholinomimetics and anticholinesterases
99
Intoxication with atropine cause
Anticholinergic syndrome
100
Common drugs that have anticholinergic activity
Antispasmodics, antihistamines, antipsychotics, skeletal muscle relaxants, tricyclic antidepressants
101
Antidote against atropine toxicity
Physostigmine ( reduce hyperthermia,severe delirium, Tachycardia etc), Neostigmine ( treat ileus)
102
N cholinoreceptor agonist
Tobacco alkaloid- Nicotine
103
Nicotine in low dose affects only ganglionic NN receptor but in high dose it
Affects both ganglionic and muscarinic nicotinic receptor
104
In phase 1 of nicotine action
Stimulation of N cholinoreceptor happens,which cause Salivation, nausea, vomiting , diarrhea, bradycardia,mitosis,fast shallow breathing
105
In phase 2 of nicotine action
Suppression of PNS and increase SNS effect,which produces more epinephrine,causing Tachycardia,BP elevation followed by dropped BP, Breathing inhibition, Mydriasis, psychomotor agitation
106
NM receptor agonist - depolarising muscle relaxants action
Phase 1: depolarisation Phase 2: Repolarization inhibition - cholinolytic effect cause myorelaxation
107
NM receptor agonist - suxamethonium or succinylcholine is metabolized by
Butyrylcholinesterases, Depolarising block of this can't be neutralised by Neostigmine
108
NM receptor agonist - suxamethonium or succinylcholine use
Intubation of trachea,short surgical manipulation
109
Release inhibitor of ACh are
Botulinum toxin type A
110
Action of botulinum toxin type A
Neurotoxin hydrolyzes synaptobrevin
111
Use of botulinum toxin type A
Post stroke hand spasticity, cerebral palsy spasticity, cervical spine spasticity, blepharospasm, hyperhidrosis in the armpit, cosmetic surgery
112
When does neuromuscular conduction resume after the use of botulinum toxin type A
2 to 3 months after injection
113
Antidote for N cholinoreceptor antagonist
Sugammadex
114
NN cholinoreceptor blocker
Trimetaphan,( acts on ganglia)
115
NM cholinoreceptor blocker
Tubocurarine
116
Tubocurarine has
Slow onset( 4-6 min) and long duration of effect ( 80 to 120 min)
117
SE of tubocurarine
Bronchial spasm,hypotension, salivation
118
Non depolarising muscle relaxants (.N cholinoreceptor antagonist)
Rocuronium
119
Use of Rocuronium
Muscle relaxation during surgical procedure

Pharma Exam (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions