Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pulmo > Pharma for Pulmo > Flashcards

Pharma for Pulmo Flashcards

1
Q

List three first generation antihistamine.

A

Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate, Chlorpheniramine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the mechanism of first generation antihistamine?

A

reversibly inhibit H1 histamine receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the clinical use of first generation antihistamine?

A

Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adverse effects of first generation antihistamines?

A

Sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-alpha-adrenergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

second generation antihistamine

A

cetririzine…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why are second generation better than first

A

less sedating effect due to decrease CNS penetration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Guaifenesin

A

expectorant: this respiratory excretions (breaks down mucus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is N-acetylcysteine used for? (2 things)

A

breaks down mucus in COPD patients by disrupting disulfide bonds; acetominophen overdose antidote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Use and mechanism of dextromorphan

A

Antitussive (antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors to suppress cough); mid opioid effect in excess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the mechanism for pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine?

A

alpha-adrenergic agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the clinical use for pseudophedrine and phenylephrine?

A

Reduce hyperemia, edema and nasal congestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adverse effects of pseudophedrine and phenylephrine

A

Hypertension, anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does Bosentan treat pulmonary hypertension ?

A

Competitively antagonizes endothelin 1 receptor to decrease pulmonary resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the adverse effects of Bosetan?

A

Hepatotoxicity (monitor LFTs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does Sildenafil treat Pulm hypertension?

A

Inhibit cGMP PDE-5 and prolong vasodilatory effect of NO (

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do Epoprostenol and Iloprost treat pulmonary hypertension

A

PGI2; direct vasodilatory effects on pulmonary and systemic arterial beds; inhibit platelet aggregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Side effects of epoprostenol and iloprost

A

flushing, jaw pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which medication is used in acute exacerbation/shortness of breath due to asthma?

A

Albuterol (beta2-agonist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do beta 2 agonists relax bronchial smooth muscles?

A

Gs–> adenylate cyclase–> cAMP

20
Q

What are Salmeterol and Formoterol used for?

A

long-acting agents for prophylaxis

21
Q

Adverse effects of salmeterol and formoterol

A

Tremor and arrhythmia

22
Q

Name two inhaled corticosteroids

A

Fluticasone and budesonide

23
Q

What is the mechanism of inhaled corticosteroids

A

Inhibit synthesis of cytokines by inactivating NF-kappaB

24
Q

What is the clinical use of fluticasone and budesonide?

A

First-line tx for chronic asthma

25
Q

What is the mechanism and clinical use of Ipratropium?

A

Competitive muscarinic antagonist that prevents bronchoconstriction; COPD

26
Q

What is the long-acting muscarinic antagonist used to treat COPD?

A

Tiotropium

27
Q

Name the best treatment for aspirin-induced asthma

A

Montelukast, Zafirlukast (block CysLT1 recetpors)

28
Q

What is the mechanism of Zileuton

A

5-lipooxygenase inhibitor to block conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes

29
Q

Adverse effect of Zileuton

A

Hepatotoxic (monitor LFTs)

30
Q

What is Omalizumab used for

A

Steroid and b2-restistant allergic asthma

31
Q

Mechanism of Omalizumab

A

binds serum IgE and blocks binding to FceRI

32
Q

Name a methylxanthine

A

Theophylline

33
Q

Mechanism of Theophylline

A

Inhibits phosphodiesterase to increase cAMP; causes bronchodilation

34
Q

Adverse effects of Theophylline

A

Cardiotoxic (arrhythmias), Neurotoxic (seizures, irritation, confusion, tremor), metabolized by P450, blocks actions of adenosine

35
Q

What is the use of Methacholine?

A

M3 agonist, used in bronchial challenge test to diagnose asthma

36
Q

What is used for smoking cessation

A

Verenicline

37
Q

What is Varenicline’s mechanism

A

Partial agonist for alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in CNS

38
Q

How does Varenecline help with smoking cessation

A

Reduces withdrawal cravings and rewarding effects of nicotine

39
Q

What are the cancer markers for small cell carcinoma?

A

NCAM (CD56), enolase, chromogranin, and synaptophysi

40
Q

Expression of mucin and mutations in EGF and KRAS genes are characteristic of

A

non-small cell carcinomas

41
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of Bosentan?

A

Reduce pulmonary arterial pressure and lessen progression of vascular and RVH

42
Q

Sleep apnea with loud snoring and gasping respirations indicative of oropharyngeal dysfunction can improve with stimulation of which nerve

A

Hypoglossal

43
Q

Have the strongest and most predictable effects on inflammatory component of asthma. Best for long-term management and can reduce number and severity of acute asthma exacerbations

A

Corticosteroids

44
Q

What two types of β-agonists are used to treat asthma?

A

Nonspecific β-agonists and β2-agonists

45
Q

Is albuterol used as a controller medication or for relief of symptoms during exacerbations?

A

It is used for relief in acute asthma exacerbations

46
Q

Salmeterol is a _____ (short/intermediate/long) -acting agent.

A

long

47
Q

List two adverse effects of salmeterol.

A

Tremor and arrhythmia

Pulmo (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions