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EJJB Pharma > Pharma Topic List A > Flashcards

Pharma Topic List A Flashcards

1
Q

A.5. Local anesthetics Drugs

A

cocaine
lidocaine
articaine
bupivacaine

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2
Q

A.5 Local Anesthetics - MoA

A

blocks Na+ channel inhibiting AP
LA cause vasodilation add vasoconstrictor like E

Frequency dependent Blockade - affects depolarized nerves - sensory, A-delta, C - more than motor

Onset - LA with lower pKa have a quicker onset - since more drug will exist in unionized form. thereby it allows penetration into the neuron easier

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3
Q

A.5 Local Anesthetics - Factors Affecting half life of LA

A
  • severe liver disease
  • competition with other drugs fro the same enzyme
  • decrease in hepatic blood flow
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4
Q

cocaine

A

Ester - metabolized by pseudocholinesterase
Topical
ISA - reuptake inhibiotr
DoA=1-2h

SE: - allergy, CV and CNS disturbance, coronary spasm, euphoria

A.5. Local anesthetics Drugs

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5
Q

lidocaine

A

amide - met CYP450 (CYP3A4)
Fast onset of action - short, local procedures
post-op analgesic
DoA - medium

can produce autonomic block in ischemic conditions - Class Ib antiarrythmic

Lidocaine interacts with antiepileptics

A.5. Local anesthetics Drugs

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6
Q

articaine

A

Amide
most rapid onset of action
very high potency

has an ester on its side chain - can be inactivated by hydrolysis

A.5. Local anesthetics Drugs

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7
Q

bupivacaine

A

Amide - CYP450 (CYP3A4)
Long duration of action
highest potency
high protein binding

used for long procedures
Cardiotoxic - severe myocardial depression esp if administered into blood

A.5. Local anesthetics Drugs

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8
Q

A.6. Glucocorticoids for oral and parenteral use - GC summary

A

GC-R are found through-out the body.
When they bind the GC-R complex dimerizes –> recruits coactivators or corepressors –> translocates into the nucleus, where it attaches to the GC-R gene element (GRE) –> gene expression modulation

Activation:
-Annexin1 –> dec PLA2
- enzymes for gluconeogenesis and AA metabolism
- adrenergic-R on vascular and bronchial smooth muscle

Repression:
COX2, NOS, cytokines, interleukins, cell adhesion molecules

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9
Q

A.6. Glucocorticoids for oral and parenteral use -Drugs

A

hydrocortizone
prednisolone
methylprednisolone
dexamethasone
triamcinolone

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10
Q

hydrocortizone

A

synthetic cortisol
short acting 8-12 hours
same affinity GC:MC
PO,IM, intra-art

Tx- DoC primary adrenocortical insufficiency (Addisons) or CAH - congenital adrenal hyperplasia
helps with IBD - enema
inibits peripheral conversion T4 to T3 - tx - thyroid storm

A.6. Glucocorticoids for oral and parenteral use

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11
Q

prednisolone

A

Active metabolite of prednisone
systemic steroid
PO, topical
intermediate acting 12-36 hr

GC:MC - 4 : 0.8

Tx - DoC for systemic anti-inflamm and immunosupression
inhibits cytokine gene expression
severe persistent asthma
thyrotoxicosis

A.6. Glucocorticoids for oral and parenteral use

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12
Q

methylprednisolone

A

Dose: 4 - 250mg
PO, parenteral

intermediate acting 12-36 hr
GC:MC - 5 : 0

TX - DoC for systemic anti-inflamm and immunosupression
thyrotoxicosis
IBD - PO or inj
Antiemetic in CIV

Urgent cases IV - anaphylaxis, bronchial asthma, brain edema, hepatic coma

A.6. Glucocorticoids for oral and parenteral use

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13
Q

dexamethasone

A

synthetic GC - Dexathemasone suppression test - suppresses cortical release in normal individuals but not in those with cushings

long acting 36 - 72 hours

DoC - supression of ACTH, anti-inflamm and immunosupress where water retention is unwanted
-IM mother within 48 hr premature birth to hasten fetal lung maturation

Neoplastic - dec brain edema
used in conjuction with aminogluthetimide to dec estrogen in breast cancer

A.6. Glucocorticoids for oral and parenteral use

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14
Q

triamcinolone

A

PO, Topical, parenteral
intermediate acting 12-36 hr
GC:MC - 5 : 0

Tx - allergic rhinitis spray
More Toxic than others

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15
Q

A.7. Mineralocorticoids. Topically applied glucocorticoids Drugs

A

fludrocortizone
fluocinolon
mometazone
budesonide
fluticazone
metyrapone

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16
Q

A.7. Mineralocorticoids. Topically applied glucocorticoids Drugs - Effect of MC

A

MC are steroids produced by the adrenal cortex. MC-R complex effects gene expression.

Genomic Receptor Action:
- inc Na+/K+ transcription
- inc ENaC channel activity
- inc expression of pro-fibrotic molecules
- inc NADPH expression
- inc ROS pro-inflam

Non-Genomic
- inc Na+ reabsorption
- inc K+ and H+ excretion - via collecting duct

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17
Q

fludrocortizone

A

MC
DoC for replacement therapy for adrenal hypofn
Acute/Chronic or post Adrenalectomy

PO
long duration of action
inc Na+ reabsorption in distal tubules and K+ ad H+ efflux

A.7. Mineralocorticoids. Topically applied glucocorticoids

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18
Q

fluocinolone

A

MC
TX - implanted in chronic non-infectious uveitis
ointment in derma

A.7. Mineralocorticoids. Topically applied glucocorticoids

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19
Q

mometazone

A

Topical GC - Aerosol - bronchial asthma
nasal spray - allergic rhinitis

A.7. Mineralocorticoids. Topically applied glucocorticoids

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20
Q

budesonide

A

Topical GC Aerosol - bronchial asthma
Nasal Spray - allergic rhinitis
Enema in IBD (suppository)

A.7. Mineralocorticoids. Topically applied glucocorticoids

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21
Q

fluticazone

A

Topical GC - aerosol in bronchial asthma

A.7. Mineralocorticoids. Topically applied glucocorticoids

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22
Q

metyrapone

A

Adrenocortical antagonist
inhibits beta hydroxylase - in ACTH producing tumors

used to dx test of ACTH fn
can be used to tx Cushings

A.7. Mineralocorticoids. Topically applied glucocorticoids

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23
Q

A.8. Androgens, anabolic steroids, antiandrogens. Agents affecting the sexual activity - Drugs

A

testosteron-undecanoate
bicalutamide
finasteride
goserelin
degarelix
sildenafil
nandrolon

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24
Q

testosteron-undecanoate

A

Synthetic steroid.
NOT PO – high first pass metabolism – transdermal patch, inject, gel.

TX- replacement tx in hypogonadism, maintain libido.
In case of PO needs to be absorbed with lipophilic vehicle into lymphatics.

SE – enhance hematocrit, excessive masculinization.

CI – prostate or breast cc. interact – may improve glucose tolerance, enhance anti-coagul in coumarins.

A.8. Androgens, anabolic steroids, antiandrogens. Agents affecting the sexual activity

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25
Q

bicalutamide

A

androgen R antagonist, competitive inhib.
PO.

TX – metastatic prostate cc.

CI – hepatotoxicity it’s a CYP3A4 inhibitor.

A.8. Androgens, anabolic steroids, antiandrogens. Agents affecting the sexual activity

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26
Q

finasteride

A

5-alpha-reducatse inhibitor, dec DHT which dec testosterone.

Moderately effective in dec prostate size in men with BPH.
PO.

TX – male baldness and female hirsutism.

A.8. Androgens, anabolic steroids, antiandrogens. Agents affecting the sexual activity

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27
Q

goserelin

A

GnRH analogue.
t1/2=4h.
Continuous GnRH until there is a downregulation of the GnRH-R.

Tx – prostate cc. breast cc. severe endometriosis, IVF.

A.8. Androgens, anabolic steroids, antiandrogens. Agents affecting the sexual activity

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28
Q

degarelix

A

GnRH antagonist.
Blocks GnRH R in the pituitary dec FSH and LH. Dec effect on Leydig cells to produce testosterone.

Tx – prostate cc. women IVF.

SE – QT prolong, heatwave, dec gluc tolerance, dec bone density

A.8. Androgens, anabolic steroids, antiandrogens. Agents affecting the sexual activity

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29
Q

sildenafil

A

PDE5 inhibitor “Viagra”.
causes inc cGMP - vasodilation
PO.
TX – pulmonary HTN, erectile dysfn.
CI – nitrates.
SE – severe hypotension, priapism

A.8. Androgens, anabolic steroids, antiandrogens. Agents affecting the sexual activity

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30
Q

nandrolon

A

Synthetic steroid analogue only used for anabolism, not used for hormonal purposes.

Indication – convalescence after trauma, surgery, prolonged immobilization, anemia as a consequence of renal fail.

SE – masculization women, androgen with gestagen activity – CV risk, endometrial bleeding after stopping, sodium retention, edema, elder male- prostate hyperplasia.

CI – pregnancy, prostate cc, infants, young, breast cancer males.
ABUSED in sports

A.8. Androgens, anabolic steroids, antiandrogens. Agents affecting the sexual activity

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31
Q

A.8 Androgens, anabolic steroids, antiandrogens. Agents affecting the sexual activity - Sexual Activity

A

Sexual Activity
– Hormonal tx – testosterone-udecanoate.
Inhibitor PDE-5 – Sildenafil, tadalafil.
Intracavernous tx used for tx or for dx of erectile dysfn – alprostadil (PGE1)

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32
Q

A.9. Estrogens and antiestrogens - Drugs

A

ethynylestradiol
estradiol
clomifen
tamoxifen
raloxifen
anastrozole
goserelin
degarelix

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33
Q

A.9 Estrogens and Antiestrogens - Estrogen fn

A

Estrogen promotes the proliferation of the endometrium and breasts.
Responsible for sexual maturation and growth, secondary charact, female libido.

Endometrial effects – develop of endometrial lining.

Pharma estrogens cause – dec resorption bone, high levels CBG TBG, SHBG, transferrin, fibrinogen, inc HDL, inc TG and cholesterol, enhanced blood coagulation, sodium retention, edema.

SE – postmenu bleeding, nausea, breast tenderness, hyperpigmentation, incre frequency migraine, cholestasis, gallbladder disease, hepatic adenomas.

CI – patients with estrogen based neoplasms, undx genital bleeding, severe liver disease, history thromboembolic disorder, heavy smoker.

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34
Q

ethynylestradiol

A

synthetic steroidal estrogen.
PO – well absorbed, transdermal, parenteral.
Met CYP450.

TX – parenteral or oral contraceptive, HRT, prevent bone loss and osteoporosis, hypogonadism in girls..

SE – breast cc, endometrial hyperplasia and cc, inc CV risk.

A.9. Estrogens and antiestrogens

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35
Q

estradiol

A

natural estrogen – main secretory product of the ovary.

Used as IM depot in conjugate form.
First high pass so given transdermal or inject – in the liver forms estrone and estriol.

Binds to SHB and albumin in circulation.
Excretion via bile with enterohepatic recycling

A.9. Estrogens and antiestrogens

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36
Q

clomifen

A

SERM – selective estrogen receptor modulator.
Ovulation inducing agent. It selectively inhibits estrogen R in the pituitary dec negative feedback causing inc in FSH and LH secretion.

TX – fertility drug.

SE – multiple preg, visual disturb

A.9. Estrogens and antiestrogens

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37
Q

tamoxifen

A

SERM.
Anti-estrogen.

TX – palliative care of breast cc in postmenu women – hormone responsive breast cc.

SE – hot flashes, thromboembol, inc endometrial cc.

A.9. Estrogens and antiestrogens

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38
Q

raloxifen

A

SERM.
PO.

TX – tx and prophylaxis osteoporosis in post menu

A.9. Estrogens and antiestrogens

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39
Q

anastrozole

A

Anti-estrogen.
Non-steroidal inhibitor – Aromatase inhibitor – causes almost total suppression of estrogen synth.

PO.
TX – breast cc resistant to tamoxifen

A.9. Estrogens and antiestrogens

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40
Q

goserelin

A

GnRH analogue.
Continuous admin of GnRH agonist suppresses GnRH secretion and thereby inhibit ovarian production of estrogens and progestins.

TX – ovulation, suppression women undergoing controlled induction. Ovarian suppression in endometriosis, leiomyoma. Central precocious puberty

A.9. Estrogens and antiestrogens

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41
Q

degarelix

A

GnRH antagonist.

TX – prevention of premature LH surge in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for assisted reproduction.

SE – prolong QT, heat wave, dec gluc tolerance, dec bone density

A.9. Estrogens and antiestrogens

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42
Q

A.10. Progestins and antiprogestins - Drugs

A

medroxyprogesteron-acetate
drospirenone
norethisteron
levonorgestrel
desogestrel
cyproteron-acetate
mifepristone
ulipristal acetate

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43
Q

A.10 Progestins and Antiprogestins - function of progestin

A

natural is progesterone – produced by corpus luteum.
NOT PO, IM admin.

Actions – inhibit proliferation, promote differentiation in:
- endometrium – maturation and secretory changes following ovulation (dec growth inc vascul),
- breast – prolif then alveolobulbar develop of secretory
- implantation, maintenance of preg, inhibition of ovulation
- inc body temp, metabolic
–fat deposition, ketogenesis.

Competes with aldosterone-R so dec Na+ resorption.
Resp – ventilatory response to CO2 inc.

TX – hypogonadism (HRT), post menu HRT – dec risk endome cc, hormonal contraception, long term ovarian suppress.

SE – inc risk breast cc, dec HDL, impair gluc tole, elevated BP.

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44
Q

medroxyprogesteron-acetate

A

synthetic progestin, pregnan (21-C cmpd).

Improved bioaval – PO or IM – 150mg every 3 months.
Met CYP450.

TX – primary hypogonadism (HRT), post menu HRT – dec risk endome cc, hormonal contraception, long term ovarian suppress

A.10. Progestins and antiprogestins

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45
Q

drospirenone

A

synthetic progestin, pregnan (21-C cmpd).

Improved bioaval – PO or IM – 150mg every 3 months.
Met CYP450.

TX – primary hypogonadism (HRT), post menu HRT – dec risk endome cc, hormonal contraception, long term ovarian suppress

A.10. Progestins and antiprogestins

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46
Q

norethisteron

A

is an estran – 19-norsteroid.
Has androgen/anabolic action.

Inhibits implantation – more effective than gonadotropin inhibitors.
PO – minipill.

TX – primary hypogonadism (HRT), post menu HRT – dec risk endome cc, hormonal contraception, long term ovarian suppress.

A.10. Progestins and antiprogestins

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47
Q

levonorgestrel

A

gonan. – 13-ethyl derivative of 19-nonsteroid.

High dose can be used as morning after.

Can be used as interuterine device

TX – primary hypogonadism (HRT), post menu HRT – dec risk endome cc, hormonal contraception, long term ovarian suppress

A.10. Progestins and antiprogestins

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48
Q

desogestrel

A

gonan. – 13-ethyl derivative of 19-nonsteroid.
PO.
Lower androgen activity than norethisterone.
Used as contraceptive implant with active metabolite etonorgestrel.

TX – primary hypogonadism (HRT), post menu HRT – dec risk endome cc, hormonal contraception, long term ovarian suppress

A.10. Progestins and antiprogestins

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49
Q

cyproteron-acetate

A

synthetic progestin, pregnan (21-C cmpd).

Improved bioaval – PO or IM – 150mg every 3 months.
Met CYP450.

TX – primary hypogonadism (HRT), post menu HRT – dec risk endome cc, hormonal contraception, long term ovarian suppress

A.10. Progestins and antiprogestins

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50
Q

mifepristone

A

19-norsteroid progesterone receptor antagonist.

Terminates early pregnancy when in combo with vaginal PGE1 and its analogue misoprostol – used up to 49 days after last period.
Antiglucocorticoid activity.

Indication – endometriosis, breast cc, meningioma.

SE – vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding.

A.10. Progestins and antiprogestins

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51
Q

ulipristal acetate

A

SPRM – selective progestin receptor modulator.

morning after pill, tx myomas

A.10. Progestins and antiprogestins

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52
Q

A.11. Contraceptives

A

ethynylestradiol + levonorgestrel
medroxyprogesteron-acetate
levonorgestrel
desogestrel

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53
Q

A.11 Contraceptives - how they work

A

Oral contraceptives: estrogen+progestin combos.
Effects:
MoA- inhibition of pituitary fn, inhibition of ovulation, changes in cervical mucosa, endometrium, motility, secretion.

Chronic use depresses ovarian fn, and ovary becomes smaller.
Uterus – cervical hypertrophy (polyp formation) thicker cervical mucosa, preps containing 19-norsteroid can cause glandular atrophy, less bleeding.
Breast – enlargement, suppression lactation.
ADVANTAGE – lower incidence of ovarian and endome cc, ovarian cysts, mastopathies. Less bleeding, lower incidence of anemia, improve endometriosis, dysmenorrhea.
DISAD – inc risk vascular disorder – venous thromem, MI, cerebrovascular disor, incr risk GI disorder, depression.
CI – thromboem, cerebrovas, estrogen depen neoplasms, before epiphyseal closure complete. Over 35 and smoke more than 15 cigg. HTN, IHD, breast cc, cirrhosis.

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54
Q

ethynylestradiol + levonorgestrel

A

monophasic, biphasic 1-10,11-21, triphasic 1-7. 8-14. 15-21.

A.11. Contraceptives

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55
Q

medroxyprogesteron-acetate

A

parenteral – depot – inject of depot – 150 mg IM – every 3 months.

SE – headache, impair gluc tol, lipid changes, irregular bleeding

A.11. Contraceptives

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56
Q

levonorgestrel

A

intrauterine device.
DoA 5 yr. daily release, low systemic hormone level.

Can be morning after pill – high dose 0.75 – 1.25mg – within 72 hr sex

A.11. Contraceptives

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57
Q

desogestrel

A

progestin comonpent.

Its active component etonorgestrel can be used as an implant.

A.11. Contraceptives

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58
Q

A.12. Thyroid and antithyroid drugs. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones - Drugs

A

levothyroxin
thiamazole
propylthiouracil
iodine
octreotide
bromocriptine
desmopressin
oxytocin

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59
Q

levothyroxin

A

A.12. Thyroid and antithyroid drugs. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones

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60
Q

thiamazole

A

A.12. Thyroid and antithyroid drugs. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones

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61
Q

propylthiouracil

A

A.12. Thyroid and antithyroid drugs. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones

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62
Q

iodine

A

A.12. Thyroid and antithyroid drugs. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones

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63
Q

octreotide

A

A.12. Thyroid and antithyroid drugs. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones

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64
Q

bromocriptine

A

A.12. Thyroid and antithyroid drugs. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones

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65
Q

desmopressin

A

A.12. Thyroid and antithyroid drugs. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones

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66
Q

oxytocin

A

A.12. Thyroid and antithyroid drugs. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones

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67
Q

A.13. Pancreatic hormones and parenterally applied antidiabetic drugs. Pharmacotherapy of IDDM.

A

regular insulin
lispro insulin
glargin insulin
isophan (NPH)-insulin
liraglutide

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68
Q

regular insulin

A

A.13. Pancreatic hormones and parenterally applied antidiabetic drugs. Pharmacotherapy of IDDM.

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69
Q

lispro insulin

A

A.13. Pancreatic hormones and parenterally applied antidiabetic drugs. Pharmacotherapy of IDDM.

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70
Q

glargin insulin

A

A.13. Pancreatic hormones and parenterally applied antidiabetic drugs. Pharmacotherapy of IDDM.

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71
Q

isophan (NPH)-insulin

A

A.13. Pancreatic hormones and parenterally applied antidiabetic drugs. Pharmacotherapy of IDDM.

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72
Q

liraglutide

A

A.13. Pancreatic hormones and parenterally applied antidiabetic drugs. Pharmacotherapy of IDDM.

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73
Q

A.14. Oral antidiabetics. Pharmacotherapy of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. - Drugs

A

glipizide
glimepiride
repaglinide
metformin
vildagliptin
dapagliflozin
acarbose

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74
Q

glipizide

A

A.14. Oral antidiabetics. Pharmacotherapy of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

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75
Q

glimepiride

A

A.14. Oral antidiabetics. Pharmacotherapy of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

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76
Q

repaglinide

A

A.14. Oral antidiabetics. Pharmacotherapy of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

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77
Q

metformin

A

A.14. Oral antidiabetics. Pharmacotherapy of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

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78
Q

vildagliptin

A

A.14. Oral antidiabetics. Pharmacotherapy of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

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79
Q

dapagliflozin

A

A.14. Oral antidiabetics. Pharmacotherapy of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

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80
Q

acarbose

A

A.14. Oral antidiabetics. Pharmacotherapy of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

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81
Q

A.15. Agents affecting bone mineral homeostasis (calcium, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, etc.). Pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis. - Drugs

A

cholecalciferol
teriparatide
raloxifen
zoledronate
alendronate
denosumab

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82
Q

cholecalciferol

A

A.15. Agents affecting bone mineral homeostasis (calcium, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, etc.). Pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis.

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83
Q

teriparatide

A

A.15. Agents affecting bone mineral homeostasis (calcium, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, etc.). Pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis.

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84
Q

raloxifen

A

A.15. Agents affecting bone mineral homeostasis (calcium, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, etc.). Pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis.

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85
Q

zoledronate

A

A.15. Agents affecting bone mineral homeostasis (calcium, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, etc.). Pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis.

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86
Q

alendronate

A

A.15. Agents affecting bone mineral homeostasis (calcium, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, etc.). Pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis.

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87
Q

denosumab

A

A.15. Agents affecting bone mineral homeostasis (calcium, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, etc.). Pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis.

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88
Q

A.16. Drugs used in coagulation disorders I: Antiplatelet agents

A

acetylsalicylic acid
clopidogrel
prasugrel
ticagrelor
abciximab

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89
Q

acetylsalicylic acid

A

A.16. Drugs used in coagulation disorders I: Antiplatelet agents

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90
Q

clopidogrel

A

A.16. Drugs used in coagulation disorders I: Antiplatelet agents

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91
Q

prasugrel

A

A.16. Drugs used in coagulation disorders I: Antiplatelet agents

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92
Q

ticagrelor

A

A.16. Drugs used in coagulation disorders I: Antiplatelet agents

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93
Q

abciximab

A

A.16. Drugs used in coagulation disorders I: Antiplatelet agents

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94
Q

A.17. Drugs used in coagulation disorders II: Anticoagulant drugs

A

heparin
dalteparin
bivalirudin
warfarin
dabigatran-etexilate
rivaroxaban
fondaparinux

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95
Q

heparin

A

A.17. Drugs used in coagulation disorders II: Anticoagulant drugs

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96
Q

dalteparin

A

A.17. Drugs used in coagulation disorders II: Anticoagulant drugs

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97
Q

bivalirudin

A

A.17. Drugs used in coagulation disorders II: Anticoagulant drugs

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98
Q

warfarin

A

A.17. Drugs used in coagulation disorders II: Anticoagulant drugs

99
Q

dabigatran-etexilate

A

A.17. Drugs used in coagulation disorders II: Anticoagulant drugs

100
Q

rivaroxaban

A

A.17. Drugs used in coagulation disorders II: Anticoagulant drugs

101
Q

fondaparinux

A

A.17. Drugs used in coagulation disorders II: Anticoagulant drugs

102
Q

A.18. Drugs used in coagulation disorders III: Fibrinolytic drugs. Drugs used in bleeding
disorders. - Drugs

A

alteplase
reteplase
epsilon-amino-caproic acid
vitamin K
epinephrine
fibrin foam

103
Q

alteplase

A

A.18. Drugs used in coagulation disorders III: Fibrinolytic drugs. Drugs used in bleeding
disorders

104
Q

reteplase

A

A.18. Drugs used in coagulation disorders III: Fibrinolytic drugs. Drugs used in bleeding
disorders

105
Q

epsilon-amino-caproic acid

A

A.18. Drugs used in coagulation disorders III: Fibrinolytic drugs. Drugs used in bleeding
disorders

106
Q

vitamin K

A

A.18. Drugs used in coagulation disorders III: Fibrinolytic drugs. Drugs used in bleeding
disorders

107
Q

epinephrine

A

A.18. Drugs used in coagulation disorders III: Fibrinolytic drugs. Drugs used in bleeding
disorders

108
Q

fibrin foam

A

A.18. Drugs used in coagulation disorders III: Fibrinolytic drugs. Drugs used in bleeding
disorders

109
Q

A.19. Agents used in anemias - Drugs

A

iron hydroxide polymaltose
folic acid
vitamin B12
epoetin-alfa
filgrastim

110
Q

iron hydroxide polymaltose

A

A.19. Agents used in anemias

111
Q

folic acid

A

A.19. Agents used in anemias

112
Q

vitamin B12

A

A.19. Agents used in anemias

113
Q

epoetin-alfa

A

A.19. Agents used in anemias

114
Q

filgrastim

A

A.19. Agents used in anemias

115
Q

A.23. Inhalational anesthetics - Drugs

A

nitrous oxide
isoflurane
desflurane
sevoflurane

116
Q

nitrous oxide

A

104% MAC.
Blood coefficient 0.47 – 0 fractionation by the liver.

Has the lowest blood gas coefficient so the patient easily anesthetized and recovers.

TX – dentistry no resp depression so can combined with other anesthetics.

Risk of spontaneous abortion b/c can trigger uterine contractions. Potential drug abuse.

Second Gas effect – inc conc of 2nd agent due to rapid diffusion of N2O in alveoli.

A.23. Inhalational anesthetics

117
Q

isoflurane

A

MAC 1.4%
blood coefficient 1.4.

Causes resp irritation so only used for maintenance. Can cause coronary steal syn.
Rapid awakening, low metabol, preferred in neurosurgery.

SE – dose dependent hypoTN

A.23. Inhalational anesthetics

118
Q

desflurane

A

MAC 6.5%
Blood coefficient 0.42.

very rapid onset and recovery due to low blood solubility – used for short procedures.

Dec vascular resis and perfuses to all major tissues well.

SE – significant resp irritation – not used for inhalation induction

A.23. Inhalational anesthetics

119
Q

sevoflurane

A

MAC 2%
Blood coefficient 0.69.
is the most used.

Fastest induction and recovery.
Lowest amt respir irritation. Used for induction and maintenance in children.

SE – nephrotoxic with prolonged anesthesia

A.23. Inhalational anesthetics

120
Q

A.24. Intravenous anesthetics. Perioperative medication - Drugs

A

thiopental
propofol
etomidate
ketamine
midazolam
dexmedetomidine
fentanyl
metoclopramide
atropine
antacid drugs
antihistamines
analgesics

121
Q

thiopental

A

A.24. Intravenous anesthetics. Perioperative medication

122
Q

propofol

A

A.24. Intravenous anesthetics. Perioperative medication

123
Q

etomidate

A

A.24. Intravenous anesthetics. Perioperative medication

124
Q

ketamine

A

A.24. Intravenous anesthetics. Perioperative medication

125
Q

midazolam

A

A.24. Intravenous anesthetics. Perioperative medication

126
Q

dexmedetomidine

A

A.24. Intravenous anesthetics. Perioperative medication

127
Q

fentanyl

A

A.24. Intravenous anesthetics. Perioperative medication

128
Q

metoclopramide

A

A.24. Intravenous anesthetics. Perioperative medication

129
Q

atropine

A

A.24. Intravenous anesthetics. Perioperative medication

130
Q

antacid drugs

A

A.24. Intravenous anesthetics. Perioperative medication

131
Q

antihistamines

A

A.24. Intravenous anesthetics. Perioperative medication

132
Q

analgesics

A

A.24. Intravenous anesthetics. Perioperative medication

133
Q

A.25. Benzodiazepines - Drugs

A

diazepam
nitrazepam
midazolam
alprazolam
clonazepam
flumazenil

134
Q

diazepam

A

A.25. Benzodiazepines

135
Q

nitrazepam

A

A.25. Benzodiazepines

136
Q

midazolam

A

A.25. Benzodiazepines

137
Q

alprazolam

A

A.25. Benzodiazepines

138
Q

clonazepam

A

A.25. Benzodiazepines

139
Q

flumazenil

A

A.25. Benzodiazepines

140
Q

A.26. Non benzodiazepine anxiolytics and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders. - Drugs

A

zolpidem
zaleplon
melatonin
ramelteon
buspirone
+SSRISs

141
Q

zolpidem

A

A.26. Non benzodiazepine anxiolytics and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders.

142
Q

zaleplon

A

A.26. Non benzodiazepine anxiolytics and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders.

143
Q

melatonin

A

A.26. Non benzodiazepine anxiolytics and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders.

144
Q

ramelteon

A

A.26. Non benzodiazepine anxiolytics and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders.

145
Q

buspirone

A

A.26. Non benzodiazepine anxiolytics and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders.

146
Q

A.27. 1st generation (“typical”) antipsychotic agents - Drugs

A

chlorpromazine
flupentixole
haloperidol
droperidol

147
Q

chlorpromazine

A

A.27. 1st generation (“typical”) antipsychotic agents

148
Q

flupentixole

A

A.27. 1st generation (“typical”) antipsychotic agents

149
Q

haloperidol

A

A.27. 1st generation (“typical”) antipsychotic agents

150
Q

droperidol

A

A.27. 1st generation (“typical”) antipsychotic agents

151
Q

A.28. 2nd generation (“atypical”) antipsychotic agents - Drugs

A

clozapine
olanzapine
quetiapine
risperidone
tiapride
aripiprazole
cariprazine

152
Q

clozapine

A

A.28. 2nd generation (“atypical”) antipsychotic agents

153
Q

olanzapine

A

A.28. 2nd generation (“atypical”) antipsychotic agents

154
Q

quetiapine

A

A.28. 2nd generation (“atypical”) antipsychotic agents

155
Q

risperidone

A

A.28. 2nd generation (“atypical”) antipsychotic agents

156
Q

tiapride

A

A.28. 2nd generation (“atypical”) antipsychotic agents

157
Q

aripiprazole

A

A.28. 2nd generation (“atypical”) antipsychotic agents

158
Q

cariprazine

A

A.28. 2nd generation (“atypical”) antipsychotic agents

159
Q

A.29. Tricyclic, tetracyclic and unicyclic antidepressants. MAO-inhibitors - Drugs

A

clomipramine
amitryptiline
maprotiline
bupropion
trazodone
moclobemide

160
Q

clomipramine

A

A.29. Tricyclic, tetracyclic and unicyclic antidepressants. MAO-inhibitors

161
Q

amitryptiline

A

A.29. Tricyclic, tetracyclic and unicyclic antidepressants. MAO-inhibitors

162
Q

maprotiline

A

A.29. Tricyclic, tetracyclic and unicyclic antidepressants. MAO-inhibitors

163
Q

bupropion

A

A.29. Tricyclic, tetracyclic and unicyclic antidepressants. MAO-inhibitors

164
Q

trazodone

A

A.29. Tricyclic, tetracyclic and unicyclic antidepressants. MAO-inhibitors

165
Q

moclobemide

A

A.29. Tricyclic, tetracyclic and unicyclic antidepressants. MAO-inhibitors

166
Q

A.30. Selective serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. - Drugs

A

fluoxetine
sertraline
citalopram
escitalopram
venlafaxine
duloxetine
reboxetine

167
Q

fluoxetine

A

A.30. Selective serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

168
Q

sertraline

A

A.30. Selective serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

169
Q

citalopram

A

A.30. Selective serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

170
Q

escitalopram

A

A.30. Selective serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

171
Q

venlafaxine

A

A.30. Selective serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

172
Q

duloxetine

A

A.30. Selective serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

173
Q

reboxetine

A

A.30. Selective serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

174
Q

A.31. Norepinephrine and serotonin receptor antagonist antidepressants. Agomelatine. Tianeptine. Agents used for treatment of manic phase of bipolar disorders. Pharmacotherapy of affective disorders. - DRUGS

A

mirtazapine
agomelatine
lithium
carbamazepine
valproate
+egyes atípusos antipszichotikumok

175
Q

mirtazapine

A

A.31. Norepinephrine and serotonin receptor antagonist antidepressants. Agomelatine. Tianeptine. Agents used for treatment of manic phase of bipolar disorders. Pharmacotherapy of affective disorders.

176
Q

agomelatine

A

A.31. Norepinephrine and serotonin receptor antagonist antidepressants. Agomelatine. Tianeptine. Agents used for treatment of manic phase of bipolar disorders. Pharmacotherapy of affective disorders.

177
Q

lithium

A

A.31. Norepinephrine and serotonin receptor antagonist antidepressants. Agomelatine. Tianeptine. Agents used for treatment of manic phase of bipolar disorders. Pharmacotherapy of affective disorders.

178
Q

carbamazepine

A

A.31. Norepinephrine and serotonin receptor antagonist antidepressants. Agomelatine. Tianeptine. Agents used for treatment of manic phase of bipolar disorders. Pharmacotherapy of affective disorders.

179
Q

valproate

A

A.31. Norepinephrine and serotonin receptor antagonist antidepressants. Agomelatine. Tianeptine. Agents used for treatment of manic phase of bipolar disorders. Pharmacotherapy of affective disorders.

180
Q

A.32. Antiepileptics used in partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures except for the “broad spectrum” agents.

A

phenytoin
carbamazepine
phenobarbital
vigabatrine

181
Q

phenytoin

A

A.32. Antiepileptics used in partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures except for the “broad spectrum” agents.

182
Q

carbamazepine

A

A.32. Antiepileptics used in partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures except for the “broad spectrum” agents.

183
Q

phenobarbital

A

A.32. Antiepileptics used in partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures except for the “broad spectrum” agents.

184
Q

vigabatrine

A

A.32. Antiepileptics used in partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures except for the “broad spectrum” agents.

185
Q

A.33. Antiepileptics used in absence seizures. “Broad spectrum” antiepileptic drugs. Drugs used for treatment of status epilepticus - Drugs

A

ethosuximide
valproate
lamotrigine
clonazepam
levetiracetam
diazepam

186
Q

ethosuximide

A

A.33. Antiepileptics used in absence seizures. “Broad spectrum” antiepileptic drugs. Drugs used for treatment of status epilepticus

187
Q

valproate

A

A.33. Antiepileptics used in absence seizures. “Broad spectrum” antiepileptic drugs. Drugs used for treatment of status epilepticus

188
Q

lamotrigine

A

A.33. Antiepileptics used in absence seizures. “Broad spectrum” antiepileptic drugs. Drugs used for treatment of status epilepticus

189
Q

clonazepam

A

A.33. Antiepileptics used in absence seizures. “Broad spectrum” antiepileptic drugs. Drugs used for treatment of status epilepticus

190
Q

levetiracetam

A

A.33. Antiepileptics used in absence seizures. “Broad spectrum” antiepileptic drugs. Drugs used for treatment of status epilepticus

191
Q

diazepam

A

A.33. Antiepileptics used in absence seizures. “Broad spectrum” antiepileptic drugs. Drugs used for treatment of status epilepticus

192
Q

A.34. Drugs used for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nootropic drugs

A

levodopa+carbidopa
ropinirole
pramipexole
selegiline
entacapone
amantadine
procyclidine
memantine
rivastigmine
piracetam

193
Q

levodopa+carbidopa

A

A.34. Drugs used for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nootropic drugs

194
Q

ropinirole

A

A.34. Drugs used for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nootropic drugs

195
Q

pramipexole

A

A.34. Drugs used for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nootropic drugs

196
Q

selegiline

A

A.34. Drugs used for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nootropic drugs

197
Q

entacapone

A

A.34. Drugs used for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nootropic drugs

198
Q

amantadine

A

A.34. Drugs used for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nootropic drugs

199
Q

procyclidine

A

A.34. Drugs used for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nootropic drugs

200
Q

memantine

A

A.34. Drugs used for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nootropic drugs

201
Q

rivastigmine

A

A.34. Drugs used for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nootropic drugs

202
Q

piracetam

A

A.34. Drugs used for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nootropic drugs

203
Q

A. 35. Smooth muscle relaxants used for relief GI and UG spasms. Drugs influencing uterus functions. - Drugs

A

papaverine
drotaverine
butylscopolamine
misoprostol
oxytocin
ergotamine
terbutaline
atosiban
Mg++
ethanol
solifenacin
oxybutinine
tamsulosin

204
Q

papaverine

A

A. 35. Smooth muscle relaxants used for relief GI and UG spasms. Drugs influencing uterus functions.

205
Q

drotaverine

A

A. 35. Smooth muscle relaxants used for relief GI and UG spasms. Drugs influencing uterus functions.

206
Q

butylscopolamine

A

A. 35. Smooth muscle relaxants used for relief GI and UG spasms. Drugs influencing uterus functions.

207
Q

misoprostol

A

A. 35. Smooth muscle relaxants used for relief GI and UG spasms. Drugs influencing uterus functions.

208
Q

oxytocin

A

A. 35. Smooth muscle relaxants used for relief GI and UG spasms. Drugs influencing uterus functions.

209
Q

ergotamine

A

A. 35. Smooth muscle relaxants used for relief GI and UG spasms. Drugs influencing uterus functions.

210
Q

terbutaline

A

A. 35. Smooth muscle relaxants used for relief GI and UG spasms. Drugs influencing uterus functions.

211
Q

atosiban

A

A. 35. Smooth muscle relaxants used for relief GI and UG spasms. Drugs influencing uterus functions.

212
Q

Mg++

A

A. 35. Smooth muscle relaxants used for relief GI and UG spasms. Drugs influencing uterus functions.

213
Q

ethanol

A

A. 35. Smooth muscle relaxants used for relief GI and UG spasms. Drugs influencing uterus functions.

214
Q

solifenacin

A

A. 35. Smooth muscle relaxants used for relief GI and UG spasms. Drugs influencing uterus functions.

215
Q

tamsulosin

A

A. 35. Smooth muscle relaxants used for relief GI and UG spasms. Drugs influencing uterus functions.

216
Q

oxybutinine

A

A. 35. Smooth muscle relaxants used for relief GI and UG spasms. Drugs influencing uterus functions.

217
Q

A.36. Antiemetic drugs. Prokinetic agents. Drugs for irritable bowel disease (IBS). - Drugs

A

dimenhydrinate
droperidol
metoclopramide
ondansetron
palonosetron
aprepitant
some cannabinoids

218
Q

dimenhydrinate

A

A.36. Antiemetic drugs. Prokinetic agents. Drugs for irritable bowel disease (IBS)

219
Q

droperidol

A

A.36. Antiemetic drugs. Prokinetic agents. Drugs for irritable bowel disease (IBS)

220
Q

metoclopramide

A

A.36. Antiemetic drugs. Prokinetic agents. Drugs for irritable bowel disease (IBS)

221
Q

ondansetron

A

A.36. Antiemetic drugs. Prokinetic agents. Drugs for irritable bowel disease (IBS)

222
Q

palonosetron

A

A.36. Antiemetic drugs. Prokinetic agents. Drugs for irritable bowel disease (IBS)

223
Q

aprepitant

A

A.36. Antiemetic drugs. Prokinetic agents. Drugs for irritable bowel disease (IBS)

224
Q

A.37. Drugs used in constipation (laxatives) and diarrhea. Drugs promoting digestion. Pharmacology of liver and biliary tract - Drugs

A

plant fibers
MgSO4 magnesium-sulfate
lactulose
paraffin oil
sennoside
bisacodyl
diphenoxilate
loperamide
active charcoal
ursodeoxycholoc acid
acetylcysteine
silimarin

225
Q

plant fibers

A

A.37. Drugs used in constipation (laxatives) and diarrhea. Drugs promoting digestion. Pharmacology of liver and biliary tract

226
Q

MgSO4 magnesium-sulfate

A

A.37. Drugs used in constipation (laxatives) and diarrhea. Drugs promoting digestion. Pharmacology of liver and biliary tract

227
Q

lactulose

A

A.37. Drugs used in constipation (laxatives) and diarrhea. Drugs promoting digestion. Pharmacology of liver and biliary tract

228
Q

paraffin oil

A

A.37. Drugs used in constipation (laxatives) and diarrhea. Drugs promoting digestion. Pharmacology of liver and biliary tract

229
Q

sennoside

A

A.37. Drugs used in constipation (laxatives) and diarrhea. Drugs promoting digestion. Pharmacology of liver and biliary tract

230
Q

bisacodyl

A

A.37. Drugs used in constipation (laxatives) and diarrhea. Drugs promoting digestion. Pharmacology of liver and biliary tract

231
Q

diphenoxilate

A

A.37. Drugs used in constipation (laxatives) and diarrhea. Drugs promoting digestion. Pharmacology of liver and biliary tract

232
Q

loperamide

A

A.37. Drugs used in constipation (laxatives) and diarrhea. Drugs promoting digestion. Pharmacology of liver and biliary tract

233
Q

active charcoal

A

A.37. Drugs used in constipation (laxatives) and diarrhea. Drugs promoting digestion. Pharmacology of liver and biliary tract

234
Q

ursodeoxycholoc acid

A

A.37. Drugs used in constipation (laxatives) and diarrhea. Drugs promoting digestion. Pharmacology of liver and biliary tract

235
Q

acetylcysteine

A

A.37. Drugs used in constipation (laxatives) and diarrhea. Drugs promoting digestion. Pharmacology of liver and biliary tract

236
Q

silimarin

A

A.37. Drugs used in constipation (laxatives) and diarrhea. Drugs promoting digestion. Pharmacology of liver and biliary tract

237
Q

A.38. Drugs used in peptic ulcer diseases. Pharmacotherapy of peptic ulcer diseases. - Drugs

A

esomeprazole
omeprazole
pantoprazole
famotidine
sucralfate
MgO magnesium oxide
Al2(OH)3 aluminum-hydroxide

238
Q

esomeprazole

A

A.38. Drugs used in peptic ulcer diseases. Pharmacotherapy of peptic ulcer diseases. - Drugs

239
Q

omeprazole

A

A.38. Drugs used in peptic ulcer diseases. Pharmacotherapy of peptic ulcer diseases. - Drugs

240
Q

pantoprazole

A

A.38. Drugs used in peptic ulcer diseases. Pharmacotherapy of peptic ulcer diseases. - Drugs

241
Q

famotidine

A

A.38. Drugs used in peptic ulcer diseases. Pharmacotherapy of peptic ulcer diseases. - Drugs

242
Q

sucralfate

A

A.38. Drugs used in peptic ulcer diseases. Pharmacotherapy of peptic ulcer diseases. - Drugs

243
Q

MgO magnesium oxide

A

A.38. Drugs used in peptic ulcer diseases. Pharmacotherapy of peptic ulcer diseases. - Drugs

244
Q

Al2(OH)3 aluminum-hydroxide

A

A.38. Drugs used in peptic ulcer diseases. Pharmacotherapy of peptic ulcer diseases. - Drugs

EJJB Pharma (4 decks)

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