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54 CNS > Pharmaceutical Technology 3 > Flashcards

Pharmaceutical Technology 3 Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What is the top layer of skin?

A

Stratum corneum (10um)

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2
Q

What is stratum corneum made up of?

A

10-20 layers of flattened, stratified, fully keratinised dead cells

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3
Q

What is the primary barrier to drug crossing the skin?

A

Stratum corneum

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4
Q

What does the dermis layer contain?

A

Blood vessels
Macrophages
Mast cells

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5
Q

How do drugs access the stratum corneum?

A

Intercellular lipid domains
- Lipids, cholesterol, fatty acids, ceramides
Appendages
- Sweat ducts, hair follicles (but low surface area)

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6
Q

Topical delivery gives ____ skin penetration.

A

Shallow

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7
Q

Topical delivery is ______.

A

Local

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8
Q

Transdermal delivery gives ___ skin penetration

A

Deep

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9
Q

Transdermal delivery is ______.

A

Systemic

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10
Q

Advantage of transdermal delivery 1

A

Controlled release (reservoirs, duration of contact)
- Decreases dosing frequency

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11
Q

Advantage of transdermal delivery 2

A

No GI degradation/irritation

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12
Q

Advantage of transdermal delivery 3

A

Bypasses hepatic 1st pass effect

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13
Q

Advantage of transdermal delivery 4

A

Easy termination of input

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14
Q

Advantage of transdermal delivery 5

A

Non-invasive

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15
Q

Disadvantage of transdermal delivery 1

A

Variability between people & location of administration on body

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16
Q

Disadvantage of transdermal delivery 2

A

Stratum corneum -> slow absorption

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17
Q

Disadvantage of transdermal delivery 3

A

Skin irritation (interactions & removal)

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18
Q

Disadvantage of transdermal delivery 4

A

Can be removed by patient

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19
Q

Disadvantage of transdermal delivery 5

A

Metabolic enzymes

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20
Q

Disadvantage of transdermal delivery 6

A

BBB (via systemic delivery)

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21
Q

Disadvantage of transdermal delivery 7

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A

Systemic side effects

22
Q

Factors that affect transdermal delivery 1

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A

Skin condition: age, disease, injury, site

23
Q

Factors that affect transdermal delivery 2

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A

Skin thickness (thickness of diffusion layer)

24
Q

Factors that affect transdermal delivery 3

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A

Hydration of skin (stratum corneum)
- Natural or “manufactured” (occlusive: physical/chemical)

25
Factors that affect transdermal delivery 4
Stimulation of the skin (phonophoresis/ultrasound, iontophoresis)
26
Factors that affect transdermal delivery 5
Physicochemical properties of drug (lipophilicity, diffusion coefficient)
27
Factors that affect transdermal delivery 6
Permeation enhancers
28
Factors that affect transdermal delivery 7
Concentration gradient
29
Permeation enhancers result in ______ reduction in the ________ of the stratum corneum without ________.
Reversible Barrier resistance Damaging viable cells
30
Factors that affect transdermal delivery 8
Area of contact between formulation & skin
31
Types of patches
a. Solutions/suspensions in reservoirs b. Polymer matrix
32
Common excipients of solutions for patches
Preservatives Solvents/co-solvents Viscosity modified Permeation enhancers Adhesives
33
Carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
Viscosity modifiers, matrix polymer
34
Calcium alginate
Viscosity modifiers, adhesive, matrix polymer
35
Carbomer
Viscosity modifier, adhesive
36
Poly(methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride)
Viscosity modifier, adhesive
37
Glyceryl monooleate
Permeation enhancer, bioadhesive, sustained release agent
38
Cyclodextrin
Permeation enhancer
39
In polymer matrices, drug release depends on? 1
Diffusion coefficient of drug
40
In polymer matrices, drug release depends on? 2
Surface area
41
In polymer matrices, drug release depends on? 3
Concentration
42
In polymer matrices, drug release depends on? 4
Porosity/tortuosity of polymer matrix - Determined by intramolecular interactions (crosslinking, hydrogen bonds)
43
Sealed packing maintains ____, ____, ____.
Integrity of adhesive Integrity of product Hydration
44
Design of patches
1. Membrane 2. Matrix 3. Drug-in-adhesive matrix
45
Membrane
- Drug dispersed in a separate depot - Rate-controlling membrane limits the amount of drug release over time
46
Matrix
Drug incorporated in a polymer matrix, separate to the adhesive layer
47
Drug-in-adhesive matrix
Drug combined with adhesive and released from this matrix
48
Backing layer
Protection of drug & content
49
Adhesives
Silicone, rubber and adhesives and permeation enhancers
50
Liner
Protects adhesive
51
Special considerations for transdermal patches
1. Release rate of drug from patch 2. Strength of adhesion (between layers, influence of sweat, hair etc) 3. Disposal

54 CNS (13 decks)

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