Pharmaceutical Types Flashcards
(22 cards)
Adernergics (vasoconstrictors)
Stimulate the sympathetic nervous system causing bronchodilation, vasoconstriction, and cardiac stimulation
Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
Antidepressants
Used to prevent or relieve depression
fluoxetine (Prozac)
duloxetine hydrochloride (Cymbalta)
Anticoagulants
Inhibit the clotting mechanism of blood; used to keep IV lines and arterial catheters open during diagnostic procedures and to prevent blood clots following heart attack or stroke heparin warfarin (Coumadin) clopidogrel bisulphate (Plavix) acetylsalicylic acid (Asprin) atrovastatin (Lipitor)
Antianxiety
Act by blocking stimulation in the limb if and cortical systems of the brain
lorazepam (Ativan)
midazolam (Versed)
diazepam (Valium)
Analgesics/Anesthetics
Relieve pain, promote loss of feeling/sensation (Tylenol) acetaminophen (Asprin) acetylsalicylic acid (Advil) ibuprofen (Demerol) meperidine (Sublimaze) fentanyl codeine (Xylocaine) lidocaine (Gravel) dimenhydrinate morphine (Precocity) oxycodone
Vasodilators
Relax the walls for blood vessels permitting a greater flow of blood nitroglycerine hydralazine (Apresoline) dopamine (Intropin)
Tranquilizers
Reduce anxiety (antianxiety)
diazepam (Valium)
lorazepam (Ativan)
midazolam (Versed)
Sedatives
Depress/relax the CNS and reduce mental activity multiple classes within the sedative category
barbiturates (Phenobarbital methohexital)
benzodiazepines (antianxiety agents)
opiate analgesics
Narcotics/Opioids
Stimulate central nervous system receptors known as opioid receptors causing a decrease in the perception of pain codeine fentanyl (Sublimaze) meperidine (Demerol) morphine
Hypoglycemics
Used to control the level of glucose in the blood, primary as a treatment for DM type 2
metformin (Glucophage)
Glucocorticoids/NSAID’s
Used to treat pain associated with inflammation such as arthritis, vasculits, broken bones and surgical incisions
ibuprofen
naproxen
Asprin - technically in a class of its own but has similar action to NSAID
Fluids and Electrolytes
Provides balance of body fluids, electrolytes and nutrients. Used to treat and prevent dehydration Normal saline (NaCl) 5% Dextorse in water Ringers solution Electrolytes: Na, Cl, Mg, bicarbonate
Diuretics
Stimulate the flow of urine
furosemide (Lasix)
cholorthaizide (Diuril)
Contrast Agents
Used to enhance the presentation of a structure, orang, etc.. during diagnostic procedures Ominipaque Optiray Visipaque Conray Hypaqu Gastrografin Telebrix
Cathartics
Stimulate peristals, promote defecation
bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
Castor oil
magnesium citrate
Bronchodilators
Dilate smooth muscle, used to treat asthma attacks and some Allergic reactions
albuterol (Ventolin and Proventil)
Antiperistaltic
Slow peristalsis of the GI tract, reduce diarrhea
loperamide (Imodium)
Anticholinergics
Antispasmodics
Depress the parasympathetic nervous system to reduce spasms of smooth muscle and decrease contractions, saliva, bronchial mucus and digestive secretions. Used in preparation for surgery and endoscopy to suppress secretions hyoscine butylbromide (Buscopan) atropine sulfate
Antihistamine
Relieves symptoms of the allergic reactions
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
loratadine (Claritin)
fexofenadine (Allgera)
Antidiabetics
Required for patients who have difficulty maintaining perpetrators sugar balance
insulin
metformin (Glucophage)
Glucagon
- is a generic name
- is a hyperglycemia agent used to treat hypoglycemia
- is also used as a diagnostic aid in radiographic exams of the stomach, duodenum, small bowel, and colon where diminished motility would be advantageous
Glucophage/metformin
- metformin is a generic name and Glucophage is a brand/trade name
- metoformin is an oral medication that lowers blood glucose levels by influencing the body’s sensitivity to insulin and is used to treat people with type 2 diabetes
