Pharmacodynamics Flashcards
Pharmacology
the study of drugs
Therapeutics?
the application of pharmacology for disease prevention
Drug
any substance that alters the functioning of a biological system
Where do drugs come from?
Plants, animals, minerals, synthetic
3 ways to name drugs and what they are?
1) Chemical
Names by IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) and identifies the chemical elements that make drug
2) Generic
Often follows a pattern for drugs in the same class, and univerally accepted (pubs, references, guides, Rx)
3) Brand
Trade name marketed by company
Brand name is usually the biggest one with TM, generic name on package but small.
Pharmacodynamics ?
What drugs DO to the body
The effects of drugs on body processes (intended/unintened)
Pharmacokinetics?
What the body does to drugs
The movement and fate of drugs in the body (dosing regimens & absorbtion, dist. Metabolism, and excretion)
What is the drug receptor theory?
Drugs must bind to receptors to work; if you have a drug it must bind to a receptor that is the right fit to form a transient drug receptor complex (DRC) to have a pharmalogical effect.
Chem bonds at binding site = transient drug receptor complex forms (affected by drug shape and affinity)
Unbound drug/receptor bound drug exist in EQ
What is a receptor?
- Proteins w/ specific amino acid sequencing; drug must fit in like lock and key, so shape of both is important.
- Lock and key = physiological response
- Can be within the cell membrane or within cell/nucleus
- Location determines where effect will occur (ex uterus or widespread (pain receptors))
Beta 1 receptors - HEART
Beta 2 receptors - LUNGS
Non selective beta drugs - HEART AND LUNG
What are drugs that don’t need receptors?
Drugs that don’t require receptors:
1) Antacids - Chem rx in stomach
2) Osmotic diuretics - promotes urine changing H20 flow in kidneys
Some antibiotics, antivirals, and anticancer: disrupt cell membrane/protein structure.
What is affinity?
measure of how rightly drug binds to receptor (strength of interaction) - allows DRC to form
What is specificity?
- ability of drug to bind to a specific type of receptor (only target receptor)
NON SPECIFIC = MORE SIDE EFFECTS
What are agonists?
It binds and does something/has a pharmalogical effect.
Have receptor affinity and intrinsic activity
Endogenous agonist - synthetic
Exogenous agonist - naturally occurring
What are antagonists?
Competes to bind and then doesn’t do something/lacks downstream pharmalogical effect
Have receptor affinity but lack intrinsic activity (binds and blocks agonist)
COCK BLOCKER lol
EX - Fentanyl - agonist, Naloxone - antagonist blocks respiratory depression
Explain about drug side effects?
All drugs have side effects, mild to severe and sometimes the same drug is given with a effect and sideffect, and marketed differently where the sideeffect is the effect.
