Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

What is drug ?

Answer 1

A chemical substance that alters(change) body function to produce a useful biological effect

Question 2

كتاب فيه كل المعلومات المهمه عن الأدوية التي تستخدم في بلد معين

Answer 2

Pharmacopeia

Question 3

Essential drugs should be

Answer 3

Approved by WHO
Safe
Effective
Low cost

Question 4

Orphan drugs are

Answer 4

Used for rare or endemic(مثل hepatitis C in Egypt) diseases in poor countries

Question 5

E.g for non-proprietary(scientific) names

Answer 5

Cola,
paracetamol🇩🇪(acetaminophen🇺🇲)

Question 6

Drugs dispend without dispensed without prescription

Answer 6

Over-the-counter drugs

Question 7

Pharmacodynamic include

Answer 7

Mechanism of action
Indication دواعي الاستخدام
Contraindications موانع الاستخدام
Adverse effects ليست side effects
Precautions الاحتياطات
Drug interaction التفاعل الدوائي

Question 8

Route of administration(e.g____)—->blood circulation—> ________ —–> elimination

Answer 8

Oral,intravinal
Distribution
Elimination

Question 9

Name mechanism or mode of action oc drug

Answer 9

Receptor mediate
Non “ “

Question 10

A specific cellular macromolecules

Answer 10

Receptors

Question 11

Types of ligand

Answer 11

Full agonist
Partial agonist (agonist / antagonist)
Inverse agonist
Antagonist

Question 12

A ligand that produce affinity and efficacy

Answer 12

Full agonist
Inverse agonist

Question 13

A ligand contain affinity but less efficacy

Answer 13

Partial agonist

Question 14

Contain affinity but no efficacy

Answer 14

Antagonist

Question 15

Pharmacological action of full agonist

Answer 15

Has an action

Question 16

E.x for full agonist

Answer 16

Ach –>+ nicotinic receptor —>skeletal muscle contraction

Question 17

Pharmacological action of partial agonist

Answer 17

In absence of agonist it activate receptor
In presence of of agonist it acts as antagonist

Question 18

E.g of agonist/antagonist

Answer 18

Bupre-nor-phine is an partial agonist for opioid الافيون receptor

In absence of morphine it exhibit analgesic effect (agonist) but low.
In presence of morphine it prevent it from binding to opioid receptor ( antagonist)

Question 19

What is Inverse agonist? And name example

Answer 19

Produse a response opposite to the pharmacological effect of the agonist

Anti histamine

Question 20

معظم الأدوية عندنا

Answer 20

Antagonist

Question 21

E.g for antagonist

Answer 21

Curare prevent depolarization(action) of Ach on nicotic receptor—> muscle relaxation

Question 22

Stabilize receptor away from the constitutional conformation

Answer 22

Inverse agonist

Question 23

Types of antagonist that are non receptor

Answer 23

Chemical antagonist
Physiological(functional) antagonist

Question 24

Receptor antagonist

Answer 24

Competitive
Non Competitive

Question 25

Name coagulation drugs

Answer 25

Heparin واف رين

Question 26

E.g for chemical antagonist

Answer 26

-ve charge on heparin(acid) neutralized by +ve charge of protamine (basic) No reduce coagulation by heparin Hyperacidity in stomach due to high conc. Of HCI neutralize by NaHCo3 صوديوم باي كربونات

Question 27

Protamine is an

Answer 27

Antidote تريق for heparin toxicity

Question 28

What is Physiological antagonist?

Answer 28

One drug antagonize the effect of another by acting on a different receptor producing opposite effect بالنسبة لي الكلام مفهوم يا محمد

Question 29

E.g for Physiological antagonist

Answer 29

Pincelin --> production of histamine--->bind to H1 receptor-->VD--> Low BP-->anafilactic shock For treatment Epinephrine---> bronchodilation and VC , antagonize histamine effect (VD and bronchospasm)

Question 30

When we say that a drug is a competitive or non competitive

Answer 30

Act on same receptor

Question 31

What is competitive antagonist?

Answer 31

Bind to the same recognition site of agonist by weak bond (reversible)

Question 32

What is non competitive antagonist ?

Answer 32

Bind to the recognition or allosteric(another) site by covalent stronge bond

Question 33

Duration of competitive antagonist depend of

Answer 33

Conc. Of agonist and antagonist الأكثر يكسب

Question 34

E.g for competitive antagonist

Answer 34

Ach and curare on nicotinic receptor Dr: رح ناخذه في locomotor

Question 35

E.g for non competitive

Answer 35

Phenoxybenzamine (alpha blocker) and norepinephrine(NE) on alpha receptor

Question 36

In non competitive, duration of antagonist depend of

Answer 36

Rate of turnover

Question 37

Parallel shift to the right in log dose responce curve found in

Answer 37

Competitive antagonist

Question 38

Non competitive antagonist curve is

Answer 38

Downward shift in log dose response curve

Question 39

The most important singalong transduction system are

Answer 39

Ion channel Receptor linked to tyrosine kinase RTKs G protein-coupled receptors في الملزمة G protein linked receptor Receptor regulating transcription Nitric oxide (NO) Receptor

Question 40

The fastest transmission or neurotransmitters حسب تعبير الكتاب

Answer 40

Ion channel

Question 41

What is ion channel?

Answer 41

Receptors are ion selective channels in plasma membrane

Question 42

Mechanism of ion channel

Answer 42

Binding of agonist to the receptor> opening of the channel > change in membrane potential or intracellular ion concentration> action or change in cell activity

Question 42

E.g for ion channel

Answer 42

N receptors (Na+/K+channels) يدخل أو يخرج فيعمل stimulation GABA receptors (CL- channels) يدخل فيعمل inhibition

Question 43

What is tyrosine kinase ?

Answer 43

Extracellular part binds with drug(بالكتاب agonist ) e.g insulin • Intracellular part (effector) is an enzyme tyrosine kinase → autophosphorylation > action

Question 44

What is g protein linked receptor?

Answer 44

Ligand binds to G-protein > regulate the activity of several effectors e.g. AC & PLC enzymes or channels > action

Question 45

E.g for G protein

Answer 45

G stimulaory G inhibitory Gq

Question 46

G stimulatory protein are linked to following receptor

Answer 46

Beta 1 Beta 2 D 1

Question 47

G inhibitory are linked to the following proteins

Answer 47

Alpha 2 M2 D2

Question 48

Gq protein is linked to the following receptor

Answer 48

Alpha 1 M 1 M 3luuku6⁷