Pharmacodynamics Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is pharmacodynamics
What the drug does to the body
- Desired effect
- Side effect
- Adverse effect
Can you define receptors?
Sensing elements that coordinate the function of all cells in the body
Can you define ligands?
○ Chemical messengers that bind to receptors
○ which can be hormones, transmitters, and other mediators, including drugs,
What is a desired effect?
Main therapeutic effect of the drug. It is desired that drugs should be as specific as possible
What is a side effect?
Any unintended effect of a drug occurring at normal doses
What is an adverse effect?
Is a response to a drug which is noxious and unintended and which occurs at intended doses
Can you explain agnoism?
A ligand that binds to a target protein and evokes a response
Can you explain partial agonism?
A drug that binds to their target and activates them to produce a response that is less than that we would expect from a full agonist
Can you explain antagonism?
A ligand that binds to a target protein without causing activation or a response
Can you explain exogenous?
A response that is not produced in the body
Can you explain endogenous?
A response that is produced in the body
Can you explain specificity?
○ Drug action is specific. In order for a drug to bind, it must be complimentary to the binding site.
○ The better the fit, the higher the degree of specificity.
○ The specificity or a drug depends on its affinity to the binding site of it target protein
Lock and key 🔑
Can you explain affinity?
A measure of how easily a ligand will bind to a target protein
Can you explain affinity?
A measure of how easily a ligand will bind to a target protein
Can you explain efficacy?
Is the ability of a drug to produce a response
Can you explain potency?
The amount of drug needed to produce an effect
Can you explain classical receptors and how they work?
○ A target protein is part of a cell membrane. ○ The ligand binds to the receptor, leading to a physiological change in the cell.
○ There is an increase or decrease in an ongoing physiological process, or a new process is initiated.
Can you explain ion channel interaction?
Ion channels provide receptors that a drug can interact with.
○ They can be channel blockers or channel modulators
○ ligand-gated
○ voltage-gated
(Channel blockers = the drug blocks permeation of the channel)
And
(Channel modulators = the drug binds to a receptor site within the ion channel)
Can you explain enzyme interactions and how they work?
○ When a drug binds to an enzyme, a metabolic reaction can be influenced.
○ The enzyme activity can increase or decrease.
○ Drugs can inhibit the activity of the enzyme by binding to its active site
Can you explain transport systems interactions /membrane transporters?
○ The site of action are responsible for transporting molecules across a cell membrane
○ In some transmitter systems, there is a normal physiological recycling of the transmitters
○ The uptake of neurotransmitters.
Can you explain carrier protein interaction?
○ A carrier protein is a membrane protein that moves solutes across the membrane by creating conformational changes in the protein
○ Main carrier protein function = to move molecules across the membrane
Can you name the 4 target proteins/site of action
- Classical receptors
- Enzyme
- Ion channels
- Membrane transporters
What is site of action?
Where the drugs works and has an effect
Targets proteins & Ligands (drug)
○A target protein is a molecule that permits another molecule to bind to it
○The drug binding to the receptor results in some alteration of a biological response
