Pharmacodynamics And Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

What are pharmacodynamics?

Answer 1

How a drug affects the body (time course and intensity of effect)

Question 2

What are pharmacokinetics?

Answer 2

How the body affects the drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion)

Question 3

What are the characteristics of pharmacodynamics?

Answer 3

Potency

Efficacy

Therapeutic effect

Side effects

Receptors

Question 4

What does a more potent drug equal?

Answer 4

Less drug required for a specific response

Question 5

What is efficacy?

Answer 5

Drugs ability to produce a desired response

Question 6

What is effectiveness?

Answer 6

How useful the drug is

Question 7

Enteral drugs

Answer 7

Oral and easiest to self administer

Question 8

What are enteral drugs absorbed by?

Answer 8

Small intestine

Question 9

What must an enteral drug have?

Answer 9

High lipid solubility

Question 10

What is the first pass effect of an enteral drug?

Answer 10

Metabolism/destruction of drug molecule in liver before reaching its site of action

Question 11

What are paraenteral drugs?

Answer 11

Bypass the GI system and have a more direct route to target site

Question 12

What are paraenteral drugs not subject to?

Answer 12

First pass effect

Question 13

Bioavailability

Answer 13

% of drug administered that reaches the bloodstream

Question 14

What does bioavailability depend on?

Answer 14

Route of administration, drugs ability to cross membranes, and extent of first pass metabolism

Question 15

What are the advantages of taking drugs orally?

Answer 15

Easy, safe, and convenient

Question 16

What are the advantages of taking drugs sublingual?

Answer 16

Rapid onset, not subject to first pass metabolism

Question 17

What is the advantage of taking drugs rectally?

Answer 17

Local effect on rectal tissues

Question 18

What is the advantage of taking drugs through inhalation?

Answer 18

Rapid onset, direct effect for respiratory disorders (large surface area)

Question 19

What is the advantage of taking drugs through an injection?

Answer 19

More direct administration to target tissues

Question 20

What is the advantage of taking drugs topically?

Answer 20

Local effects on surface of skin

Question 21

What is the advantage of taking drugs transdermally?

Answer 21

Puts drugs into body without breaking skin and can provide steady prolonged delivery

Question 22

What is the importance of tissue permeability in drug administration?

Answer 22

Highly lipid soluble molecules cross membranes more easily

Question 23

Where will bloodstreams carry drugs to?

Answer 23

Highly perfused organs

Question 24

What is sub cellular protein binding?

Answer 24

Drug gets trapped within the cell (anti-depressants)

Question 25

Where does negative venule pressure pull drug?

Answer 25

From tissues back into blood

Question 26

Where does positive arteriole pressure draw drugs to?

Answer 26

Blood into tissue spaces

Question 27

What happens to drug that is bound to plasma protein?

Answer 27

Cannot leave the blood to distribute into tissues and is inactive

Question 28

What happens to a drug that is unbound from plasma protein?

Answer 28

Distribute from blood to tissues and is active

Question 29

What is the volume of distribution?

Answer 29

Amount of drug administered/ concentration of drug in plasma

Question 30

What happens if the volume of distribution is greater than the total amount of body water?

Answer 30

Drug is being concentrated in tissues

Question 31

What happens if the volume of distribution is less than the total amount of body water?

Answer 31

Drug is being retained in the bloodstream

Question 32

What is clearance?

Answer 32

One organ or all organs ability to clear a drug

Question 33

What are the factors that influence clearance?

Answer 33

Blood flow to organ Extraction ratio Concentration

Question 34

What is extraction ratio?

Answer 34

Fraction of drug removed from the plasma as it passes through the organ

Question 35

What is half life a function of?

Answer 35

Both clearance and volume of distribution

Question 36

What is an agonist?

Answer 36

Drug capable of binding to a receptor and activating change in a cells function

Question 37

What is an antagonist?

Answer 37

Drug that binds to a receptor and blocks activity

Question 38

Where are drugs metabolized?

Answer 38

At the liver and lungs via biotransformation

Question 39

What are properties that affect a drugs elimination rate?

Answer 39

Clearance and half time