Pharmacodynammics

Question 1

What is Pharmacodynamics?

Answer 1

What a Drug does, Mechanism of action.

Question 2

1. Molar
2. MillimMolar
3. MicroMolar
4. NamoMolar
5. PicoMolar

Answer 2

1. M, 100
2. mM, 10-3
3. uM, 10-6
4. nM, 10-9
5. pM, 10-12

Question 3

What are protein targets?

Answer 3

1. Transmembrane receptors
2. Enzymes
3. Carriers (transporters)
4. Ion Channels

Question 4

Agonists will do what? Antagonists?

Answer 4

Agonists: Activate receptor
Antagonists: Block receptor

Question 5

What are some other drug targets?

Answer 5

DNA

Lipids

Question 6

G protein coupled receptors exhibit which time of control?

Answer 6

Stimulatory and inhibitory

Question 7

What is affinity and efficacy?

Answer 7

Affinity: Strength of binding
Efficacy: Measure of effect

Question 8

What are full agonists, partial agonists, antagonists and their effects?

Answer 8

Full Agonists: Completely activate receptor, 100% efficacy or Emax.
Partial Agonists: not fully activate receptor, wont ever reach Emax
Antagonist: Will block receptor, has good affinity but 0% efficacy.

Question 9

Drug specificity?

Answer 9

Selective action of drug on particular cells/tissue due to locations and subtypes of receptors.

Question 10

What is Dose and response?

Answer 10

Dose: Amount delivered
Response: Effect

Question 11

What are Competitive antagonists do? Reversible?

Answer 11

Compete for the same binding site as agonists, they are called reversible.

Question 12

What are non competitive antagonists? Result?

Answer 12

Agonists cannot overcome effect of antagonists, these are irreversible.

Question 13

What is Allosteric Modulation? Example of?

Answer 13

Allosteric mod: Antagonist binds to different site on receptor so as to not complete for same site. Causes allosteric shift or change of shape so receptor can affect the response. Example of non competitive.

Question 14

Quantal dose response curve in population

Answer 14

What dose of drug do i need to give to get a desired result in population.

Question 15

What is LD50?

Answer 15

Dose that would be lethal for 50% of population. A drugs measure of toxicity.

Question 16

ED50?

Answer 16

Dose where 50% of population responds.

Question 17

Toxicity?

Answer 17

Result when dose of drug is excessive for particular patient.

Question 18

Side Affect?

Answer 18

Adverse effect that occurs within therapeutic dose.

Question 19

Therapeutic index?

Answer 19

LD50/ED50. Gives indications of safety of particular drug.

Question 20

Drug Allergy?

Answer 20

Adverse immune response to drug

Question 21

Idiosyncratic reaction?

Answer 21

adverse drug reaction that is due to a generic predisposition of the patient, not immune system.

Question 22

Pharmacokinetic interactions?

Answer 22

1. Metabolism
2. Excretion
3. Absorption

Question 23

Drug-Drug interaction: Target Interactions

Answer 23

1. Both drugs bind to same receptor

Question 24

What are the steps of clinical testing of drugs?

Answer 24

1. Drug Discovery: Target, profiling.
2. Preclinical development: Pharmacokinetics, formulation
3. Clinical Development
   
   • Phase I: Tolerability, side effects
     - Phase II: Small scale trial
     - Phase III: Large scale trial
4. Regulatory Approval: Submission and review
5. Phase Iv: Postmarketing surveillance.