Pharmacogenetics

Question 1

Precision Medicine

Answer 1

Increased use of less expensive medications that are more effectve

Question 2

What does CPIC stand for

Answer 2

Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium

Question 3

Pharmacogenetics

Answer 3

Study of how a single gene affects an individual’s response to medications

Question 4

Pharmacogenomics

Answer 4

Study of how multiple genes (including haplotypes) affect an individual’s response to medications

Question 5

Drug efficacy

Answer 5

Amount of drug needed to get desired affect

Question 6

Drug toxicity

Answer 6

Bad effects

Question 7

Drug targets

Answer 7

Molecules that the drug will have an impact on

Question 8

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 8

what the body does to the drug

Question 9

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 9

How the drug impacts the body

Question 10

Ranking of metabolism

Answer 10

Poor
Intermediate
Normal
Rapid
Ultrarapid

Question 11

Rapid and ultrarapid metabolizers

Answer 11

Fast rate of conversion of pro-drug
Fast degradation of substrates

Question 12

Poor metabolizers

Answer 12

Slow rate of conversion of pro-drug into active drug
Slow rate of detoxification

Question 13

Prodrug

Answer 13

Drug needs to be activated before it can be used in the body

Question 14

Ultrametabolizer with prodrug

Answer 14

high levels of active drug that leads to risk of toxicity

Question 15

Poor metabolizer with prodrug

Answer 15

Low levels of active drug and less effective

Question 16

Active drug

Answer 16

Enters body in active form

Question 17

Ultrametabolizer with active drug

Answer 17

low levels of active drug so less effective

Question 18

Poor metabolizer with active drug

Answer 18

High levels of active drug which leads to risk of toxicity

Question 19

Cytochrome P450 Enzyme

Answer 19

Responsible for 75-80% of all phase 1 dependent metabolism and 65-70% of the clearance of clinically used drugs

Question 20

*1 indicates

Answer 20

None of the targeted variants were detected

Question 21

Genes that encode CYP450 start with

Answer 21

CYP

Question 22

*alleles represent

Answer 22

haplotypes

Question 23

Typically there are (few or multiple) haplotypes per *allele

Answer 23

multiple

Question 24

Activity value

Answer 24

Amount of functionality
From 0-1

Question 25

CPIC is for what

Answer 25

Develops evidence-based guidelines and recommendations Provides guidance on what clinical changes to make if you have test results

Question 26

Race

Answer 26

Socially defined trait typically based on the color of one's skin and cultural identity

Question 27

Ethnicity

Answer 27

Socially defined trait typically based on one's cultural group

Question 28

Ancestry

Answer 28

Geographical origins and can imply a person's genetic origins

Question 29

GWAS studies

Answer 29

Objective, biological way to measure ancestry

Question 30

Admixed ancestry

Answer 30

Lineage from different biogeographical groupsW

Question 31

What percentage of prescriptions may be influenced by pharmacogenes

Answer 31

18%