Pharmacogenomics And Drug Development

Question 1

Pharmacogenomics

Answer 1

Study of the genetic basis for variation and drug response

Question 2

Pharmacogenomics versus pharmacogenetics

Answer 2

Genetics is referring to a single gene while genomics is the entire variation

Question 3

What is the significance of for a genomics in medications?

Answer 3

A single nucleotide polymorphism can lead to a non-functioning gene meaning medication won’t work
For example enzyme no longer produced now toxic effect because it cannot break down

Question 4

What are the goals of Pharmaogenomics

Answer 4

Optimize medication therapy
Avoid adverse effects
Avoid and effective and harmful medication

Question 5

What are the downfalls to Pharma genomic testing?

Answer 5

There’s limited availability
It can be expensive
Lack of education by providers

Question 6

What are the main areas for a genomic testing is used today

Answer 6

Genotype guided therapy is used in
– Oncology
– CF cystic fibrosis
– Psychiatry

Question 7

What are the three main areas of focus on genetic variation?

Answer 7

Enzymes, drug transporters, immune system

Question 8

What are the metabolic phenotypes of enzymes?

Answer 8

Poor metabolizers
Intermediate
Normal
Rapid
Ultra rapid

Question 9

What do variations and drug transporters do?

Answer 9

Alters drug deposition and response
Since transporters work with enzymes to determine plasma and tissue concentrations of drugs

Question 10

Name two examples of drug transporters

Answer 10

OAT and OCT one

Question 11

What is one of the most polymorphic genes?

Answer 11

HLA – human leukocyte antigen

Question 12

What kind of serious life-threatening issues can HLA alleles cause?

Answer 12

Link to skin reactions, Stephen Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis

Question 13

What medicine do you need to test for an Asian descent to endnsure no adverse reactions

Answer 13

• carbamazepine and lamotrigine
• allopurinol
  _Abacavir

Question 14

Who shows the guidelines for Pharma genomics testing?

Answer 14

CPIC – clinical Pharma genetic implication consortium

Question 15

What does the Gina act do?

Answer 15

GINA – genetic information non-discrimination act prevents insurance and employers from discriminating against individual based on genomic information

Question 16

What is the reason most drugs get rejected in new application?

Answer 16

They have poor efficacy and poor PK – ADME

Question 17

What is a med rec

Answer 17

In medication reconciliation is the most accurate list of medications. A patient is actively taking.

Question 18

What does TID mean?

Answer 18

Three times daily

Question 19

What does BID mean?

Answer 19

 twice daily

Question 20

What does QHS?

Answer 20

 at bedtime

Question 21

What does QS mean?

Answer 21

A sufficient quality

Question 22

What does DAW?

Answer 22

Dispense as written

Question 23

What does NR mean?

Answer 23

No refills

Question 24

What does AS, OS, OU, mean

Answer 24

AS – left ear
OS – left eye
OU both eyes

Question 25

What does AD OD mean?

Answer 25

AD– right ear OD– right eye

Question 26

What does AU mean?

Answer 26

Both ear

Question 27

 what is the difference between generic and name brands?

Answer 27

Name brands are capitalized while generic is lowercase May have different inactive ingredients in generic Generic is normally covered by insurance

Question 28

How does lot number differ from NDC?

Answer 28

Lot number is the batch of the product National drug code is 10 digit identifier with manufacturer, product, package, IDs

Question 29

What is the use beyond date?

Answer 29

 when a drug is compounded or repackaged and it’s no longer safe

Question 30

What is the unit dose made for?

Answer 30

Singular doses made to scan in a hospital that are good for one year

Question 31

What are common non-sterile compounding and sterile compounding

Answer 31

 non-sterile compounding consist of PO and topical administration Sterile compounding are higher risk infection, like IVs infusion ophthalmic products eyes

Question 32

Where does the nurse document medications

Answer 32

Medication administration record

Question 33

It’s important to check what else when doing a med rec

Answer 33

Over-the-counter, supplement, compliance

Question 34

When must regular medications and opioids be filled by?

Answer 34

Regular medication within six months Opioids within 14 days

Question 35

What is an example of a schedule one drug

Answer 35

Heroin and cocaine – no medical use

Question 36

What is a schedule to drug?

Answer 36

Oxycodone

Question 37

What is the schedule four drug?

Answer 37

Lorazepam and alprazolam

Question 38

What is a schedule 5 drug?

Answer 38

Pregabalin

Question 39

Schedule to control substance not what by pharmacy

Answer 39

No refills can less do not fail for 90 days in advance Cannot be prescribed verbally

Question 40

How do you schedule three through five drugs work at pharmacy?

Answer 40

Schedule three through five can be written for up to six months and have five refills

Question 41

Schedule five drugs how long can they be written prescriptions for?

Answer 41

Can get one years worth like a regular prescription

Question 42

What does the OARRS do

Answer 42

Ohio automated prescription recording system watches, controlled substances monitoring

Question 43

What are the exceptions of running an OARRS report

Answer 43

If patient only has seven day supply Following a surgery or invasive procedure Hospice or end of life care or cancer girl it’s almost done 

Question 44

What are the rules for emergency prescriptions?

Answer 44

They must be signed, written prescriptions and filled within seven days

Question 45

What all needs to be on in written prescription?

Answer 45

Prescribers, full name and title Prescribers address and phone number Patient’s name date of birth Prescription date Drug dose and strength Drug quality in letters if controlled Directions can put DAW Prescriber signature DEA number if controlled starts with N