pharmacokinetics

Question 1

the four process of pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

Question 2

movement of drug from site of administration to systemic circulation

Answer 2

absorption

Question 3

movement of drug from the systemic circulation to the site of drug action

Answer 3

distribution

Question 4

enzymatic alteration of drug structure

Answer 4

metabolism

Question 5

removal of the drug from the body

Answer 5

excretion

Question 6

The strength of attraction between a drug and its receptor

Answer 6

affinity

Question 7

Drug’s ability to cause the receptor to activate after binding to the site

Answer 7

activation

Question 8

drugs that bind to the receptor site and mimic the action of the endogenous regulatory molecule

Answer 8

agonists

Question 9

drugs that block the action of the endogenous regulatory molecule (prevent activation)

Answer 9

antagonist

Question 10

Drugs that bind to the receptor site and have only a moderate expression of the endogenous regulatory molecule

Answer 10

partial-agonists

Question 11

protein bound drugs are active or inactive?

Answer 11

inactive

Question 12

families of enzymes that metabolize drugs

Answer 12

CYPs

Question 13

Inhibits CYP 450

Answer 13

grapefruit juice

Question 14

increases rate of metabolism

Answer 14

CYP induction

Question 15

decreases rate of metabolism

Answer 15

CYP inhibition

Question 16

drugs that are metabolized by CYP 450 enzymes - drugs being acted on or being observed in chemical reaction

Answer 16

substrates

Question 17

Amount of time it takes for a drug at peak level to be reduced by 50%

Answer 17

half life

Question 18

A drug that is inactive until it is metabolized

can be useful to break blood brain barrier

Answer 18

Prodrug

Question 19

Rapid hepatic inactivation of certain oral drugs

Liver reduces dose

Answer 19

First pass effect

Question 20

Extensive metabolizer

Answer 20

Normal metabolizer (make normal amount of metabolic enzymes

Question 21

poor metabolizer

Answer 21

genetic factors decrease amount of metabolic enzymes

Question 22

people who have duplicate copies of genes that make more than normal metabolic enzymes

Answer 22

ultra rapid metabolizers

Question 23

primary organ of excretion

Answer 23

kidneys

Question 24

Three criteria of teratogen

Answer 24

1. The drug must cause a characteristic set of malformations.
2. It must act only during a specific window of vulnerability.
3. The incidence of malformations should increase with increasing dosage and duration of exposure.

Question 25

examples of teratogenic drugs

Answer 25

testosterone, ACE inhibitors, statins, warfarin, phenytoin, valproic acid, lithium, mehtotrexate, large doses of vitamin A, tetracycline and alcohol

Question 26

Name 4 things we know about differences in women when it comes to drugs

Answer 26

1. Alcohol metabolized more rapidly
2. specific opioids work more effectively in women
3. Women require lower doses of Ambien than men.
4. Women are more prone to QT interval prolongation

Question 27

what are the two criteria that the FDA looks for approval of all drugs?

Answer 27

Safety

Efficacy