Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

Drug enters plasma

Answer 1

absorption

Question 2

Drug transported to and from sites of action

Answer 2

distribution

Question 3

chemical structure of drug changed

Answer 3

biotransformation (metabolism)

Question 4

irreversible loss of drug

Answer 4

excretion

Question 5

loss of drug concentration or effect

Answer 5

elimination

Question 6

Variable for volume of distribution

Answer 6

Vd

Question 7

Variable for half-life

Answer 7

t1/2

Question 8

Variable for elimination rate or constant

Answer 8

K or Ke

Question 9

Variable for loading dose

Answer 9

LD

Question 10

Variable for dose interval

Answer 10

T

Question 11

Variable for steady state plasma concentration

Answer 11

Css

Question 12

Variable for peak concentrations at steady state

Answer 12

Cmax

Question 13

Variable for trough concentrations at steady state

Answer 13

Cmin

Question 14

Decrease in drug concentration with respect to time

Answer 14

reaction rate

Question 15

Manner in which reaction rate affected by drug concentration

Answer 15

reaction order

Question 16

Reaction rate independent of drug concentration

Answer 16

zero order reaction

Question 17

Slope of zero order reaction

Answer 17

constant and linear

Question 18

Reaction rate dependent upon drug concentration

Answer 18

first order reaction

Question 19

Units of first order reaction

Answer 19

reciprocal of time (hr-1)

Question 20

Rate of elimination is higher at higher concentrations in this reaction

Answer 20

first order

Question 21

Amount of time required for a drug concentration to fall 50%

Answer 21

Half-life

Question 22

Half-life is reciprocally related to which reaction constant

Answer 22

first-order

Question 23

Alcohol undergoes which order elimination

Answer 23

zero order

Question 24

When an enzyme is saturated it catalyzes the reaction at

Answer 24

zero order

Question 25

Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde catalyzed by what enzyme

Answer 25

alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 26

Characteristics of blood level vs time curve

Answer 26

rate and extent of absorption rate and extent of distribution rate and extent of metabolism rate and extent of excretion

Question 27

Parameters of blood level vs time curve

Answer 27

time of onset of action (latency) time to peak drug effect time of drug effect (duration of action) area under the curve therapeutic range or window f: fraction of drug dose given orally that reaches systemic circulation determinants of f: absorption and first pass metabolism

Question 28

Metabolism of the drug prior to reaching the systemic circulation

Answer 28

First pass metabolism

Question 29

Assumes instantaneous absorption and distribution

Answer 29

one compartment model

Question 30

Has a distribution phase and an elimination phase

Answer 30

two compartment model

Question 31

Rapid clearance from central to peripheral compartment

Answer 31

distribution phase of the two compartment model

Question 32

overall elimination from central compartment

Answer 32

elimination phase of the two compartment model

Question 33

Central compartments

Answer 33

heart liver lungs kidney blood

Question 34

Peripheral compartments

Answer 34

fat tissue muscle tissue cerebrospinal fluid

Question 35

Weak acids bind to

Answer 35

serum albumin

Question 36

Weak bases bind to

Answer 36

glycoproteins

Question 37

Plasma protein binding is

Answer 37

non-specific

Question 38

Plasma protein levels change with

Answer 38

age and disease

Question 39

Consequences of plasma protein binding

Answer 39

longer duration of action displacement of bilirubin by sulfonamides will cause kernicterus (bilirubin encephalopathy; neurotoxicity) drug-drug interactions; drug displacement misinterpretations of drug levels

Question 40

Drug binding to tissues

Answer 40

elevates apparent volume of distribution

Question 41

Drug binding to plasma proteins

Answer 41

depresses apparent volume of distribution

Question 42

Volume of plasma cleared per unit of time

Answer 42

drug clearance

Question 43

Drug clearance is independent of

Answer 43

elimination mechanism

Question 44

Steady state plasma concentration is achieved after

Answer 44

4 elimination half-lives

Question 45

Level necessary to achieve steady state plasma concentration is dependent on

Answer 45

dose and dose interval bioavailability and clearance

Question 46

Time necessary to achieve steady state plasma concentration is independent of

Answer 46

dose and dose interval

Question 47

Multiple dosage regimens graphed show

Answer 47

peaks and troughs

Question 48

Peaks and troughs include

Answer 48

therapeutic windows differences proportional to dosing interval and elimination half-life

Question 49

Dose necessary to maintain steady state plasma concentration

Answer 49

maintenance dose

Question 50

Loading dose allows

Answer 50

steady state concentrations to be achieved quickly

Question 51

Larger initial one time dose given to quickly establish desired plasma level

Answer 51

Loading/priming dose

Question 52

This disease can impact dug elimination

Answer 52

renal

Question 53

Creatinine is neither absorbed or secreted so it reflects

Answer 53

glomerular function

Question 54

Creatinine plasma concentration and clearance reflect

Answer 54

renal function

Question 55

Creatinine clearance decreases, drug half-life increases for drugs dependent on

Answer 55

renal excretion (tetracycline)