pharmacokinetics

Question 1

the process by which a drug is transferred from its site of entry into the body to the bloodstream

Answer 1

absorption

Question 2

fastest route for absorption of medications

Answer 2

IV

Question 3

hypo-tension has what affect on blood flow (perfusion)

Answer 3

decreases blood flow

Question 4

pain/stress has what effect on GI motility and gastric retention

Answer 4

decreases

Question 5

highly lipid soluble medications cross cell membrans _____ and are absorbed _______

Answer 5

easily, quickly

Question 6

takes place after the drug has been absorbed into the bloodstream, and into cellular or interstitial fluid

Answer 6

distribution

Question 7

blood related factors that affect drug distribution

Answer 7

decreased serum albumin sites, reduced cardiac output, impaired peripheral blood flow (diabetes), cardiac and renal function

Question 8

blood related factors that affect drug distribution

Answer 8

decreased serum albumin sites, reduced cardiac output, impaired peripheral blood flow (diabetes), cardiac and renal function

Question 9

a drug that is strongly bound with plasma proteins has limited access to cellular sites of action and may be metabolized and excreted ____ meaning ____

Answer 9

slowly, total metabolism takes longer

Question 10

highest level of medication concentration, occurs at 1-2 hours after administering

Answer 10

peak

Question 11

medication concentration at it’s lowest level. Requires what action prior to administering more meds?

Answer 11

trough. blood drawn 30 minutes prior

Question 12

the change of a drug from it’s original form to a new form

Answer 12

biotransformation

Question 13

the change of a drug from it’s original form to a new form

Answer 13

biotransformation

Question 14

Biotransformation is a part of drug ______

Answer 14

metabolism

Question 15

individuals with liver disease should use these drugs with caution

Answer 15

sedatives, metformni, vasotec, cytoxan, diuretics, clinoril, theophylline. due to drug buildup

Question 16

some angio-tensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and beta Blockers for HTN work better for ______ americans

Answer 16

white

Question 17

diuretics and Ca channel blockers work best for ______americans

Answer 17

african

Question 18

diuretics and Ca channel blockers work best for ______americans

Answer 18

african

Question 19

what medications are more effective at lowing BP for african americans

Answer 19

thiazide diuretics

Question 20

primary site of drug metabolism

Answer 20

liver

Question 21

process of removing a drug, or it’s metabolites, from the body

Answer 21

excretion

Question 22

renal/kidney disease effects drug excretion due to

Answer 22

decreased glomerular filtration rate and or loss of nephrons

Question 23

if decreased total renal plasma flow, renal blood flow, and dehydration are prevelant, what would happen to the drugs

Answer 23

drug excretion would be affected

Question 24

main organ of excretion

Answer 24

kidneys

Question 25

amount of time a drug is reduced to 50% of it's original concentration in the blood

Answer 25

half life

Question 26

it takes approcimately ___ half lives for the drug to be out of the system

Answer 26

5

Question 27

state of administration = rate of excretion

Answer 27

steady state

Question 28

drug in two or more similar dosage forms reaches general circulation at the same rate and extent

Answer 28

bioequivalence

Question 29

rate at which the drug is eliminated from the body

Answer 29

clearance rate

Question 30

rate and extent in which an active drug or metabolite enters the systemic circulation

Answer 30

bioavailablility

Question 31

pharmacodynamics include the study of

Answer 31

drug action, effect, and adverse rxns

Question 32

drug related factors that affect drug response

Answer 32

drug drug intxn, drug incompatibility, drug food intxn, drug environment

Question 33

therapeutic drug monitoring

Answer 33

observe for effect/adverse rxn, measrue concentration