Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

Focuses on the processes concerned with absorption, distribution, bio transformation (metabolism), and excretion (elimination) of drugs.

Question 2

Absorption

Answer 2

Describes how the drug leaves its site of administration.

Question 3

Bioavailability

Answer 3

Is how much of the drug that is administered reaches its site of action.

Question 4

F value

Answer 4

The fraction of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation.

Question 5

Before the process of Pharmacokinetic absorption begins …

Answer 5

After a solid or liquid drug has been orally ingested the drug must break up (disintegrate) and then become soluble in the body fluids (dissolution).

Question 6

Bioequivalence

Answer 6

Means that two drug products
1). Contain the same active ingredients
2). Are identical in strength or concentration, dosage form and route of administration
3). Have essentially the same rate of extent of bioavailability
Is an issue with generic vs. trade drugs.

Question 7

Formulation of the drug

Answer 7

Influences dissolution rate of solid form of drug.

Dissolution is the process in which a substance forms a solution. Dissolution testing measures the extent and rate of solution formation from a dosage form, such as a tablet, capsule, ointment ext. The dissolution of a drug is important for its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness.

Question 8

Concentration of the drug

Answer 8

The higher the concentration, the more quickly the drug is absorbed

Question 9

Lipophilic drug formulations are more readily absorbable

Answer 9

No ionized drugs are more lipid soluble and may readily diffuse across cell membranes. Ionized drugs are lipid insoluble and non-diffusible.

Question 10

Acidic drugs become non-ionized in the acidity of the stomach and then diffuse across membranes.

Answer 10

Basic drugs (alkaloids) tend to ionize and are not well absorbed in the stomach, but they may be better absorbed in the small intestine. A change in the pH of the stomache will affect the absorption of many drugs.

Question 11

When drugs are absorbed

Answer 11

They pass through cells, not between them: Therefore, the drug must pass through the cellular wall or membrane. The structure of the cell membrane influences the process.