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Pharmacological Profiles Flashcards

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1
Q

how do Sedatives and Hypnotics work?

A

Depresses the sensory cortex, decrease motor activity and Alter Cerebellar function

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2
Q

what are the adverse effects of sedatives and hypnotics?

A
  • somnolence
  • Hypoventilation
  • Dependence with long-term use
  • nausea
  • bradycardia
  • nightmares
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3
Q

what is a contraindication for sedatives and hypnotics?

A
  • Hepatic impairment

- dyspnea and airway obstruction

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4
Q

examples of sedatives and hypnotics:

A
  • phenobarbital

- thiopental

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5
Q

two types of antianxiety drugs:

A
  • Benzos (short term use)

- non-benzos

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6
Q

Action of a benzo:

A

bind to specific benzodiazepine receptors in the GABA receptor complex

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7
Q

Acton of a non-benzo

A

act on the brains serotonin and dopamine receptor

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8
Q

what type of antianxiety drug is used for short term or intermittent use?

A

Benzodiazepines

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9
Q

what are some adverse effects of benzos?

A
  • withdrawal after as little as 4-6 weeks of therapy
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10
Q

what are some S/S of benzo withdrawal?

A
  • headache
  • fatigue
  • metallic taste
  • numbness in extremities
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11
Q

what are some examples of Benzos?

A
  • Alprazolam
  • Diazepam
  • Lorazepam
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12
Q

Examples of non-benzo antianxiety?

A
  • buspirone Hydrochloride
  • Hydroxyzine
  • Setraline
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13
Q

what are the types of anti depressants?

A
  • Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
  • Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
  • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
  • Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
  • Serotonin Reuptake inhibitor/antagonist
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14
Q

what is the action of SSRIs?

A

increase serotonin by inhibiting neuronal uptake to the CNS

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15
Q

what is the action of MAOIs?

A

inhibits the activity of Monoamine Oxidase resulting in increased endogenous neuro-hormones

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16
Q

why would you give antidepressants?

A
  • depressive symptoms
  • tobacco cessation
  • OCD
  • anxiety
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17
Q

what is a specific contraindication for TCAs?

A

Recovery phase of an acute MI

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18
Q

how long do antidepressants take to show effects?

A

up to 4-6 weeks

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19
Q

examples of SSRIs:

A
  • Citalopram
  • Fluoxetine
  • Sertraline
  • Paroxetine
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20
Q

what is the action for antipsychotics?

A

Block dopamine receptors in the brain.

Alter dopamine release and turnover

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21
Q

how are antipsychotics classified?

A
  • typical (1st Generation)

- atypical (2nd generation)

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22
Q

why are antipsychotics used?

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A

for treatment of acute and chronic psychosis

23
Q

Adverse effects of antipsychotics:

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A
  • dry mouth
  • hypotension
  • dystonia
  • Parkinson like symptoms
  • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (Haloperidol)
24
Q

examples of antipsychotics:

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A
  • haloperidol (1st Gen)
  • Prochlorperazine (1st Gen)
  • Quetiapine (2nd Gen)
  • Olanzapine (2nd Gen)
25
the action of a CNS stimulant:
produces CNS Stimulation by increasing level of neurotransmitters in the CNS. Blocks absorption of dopamine
26
adverse effects of a CNS stimulant:
- HA - Dizziness - over stimulation of the CNS - insomnia - blurred vision
27
contraindication to CNS stimulants?
- glaucoma - moderate to severe HTN and stroke - hypersensitivities to amphetamines
28
when should you take CNS stimulants?
- 30-45 minutes before breakfast and lunch | - may only be given on school days
29
types of CNS stimulants:
- amphetamines | - anorexiants
30
examples of amphetamines':
- Methylphenidate | - Dextroamphetamine
31
examples of Anorexiants:
- Phentermine
32
the action of anticonvulsants:
reduction of excitability of the neurons of the brain
33
what are the different types of seizures?
- Psychomotor (an aura and hallucinations) - Tonic-clonic (alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles) - Myoclonic (sudden, forceful contraction involving trunk, neck and extremities) - Absence (petit Mal) - Epilepsy ( permeant reoccurring seizure disorder)
34
what is the use for anticonvulsants?
decrease the incidence and severity of various seizures
35
adverse effects of anticonvulsants:
- N/V constipation, bradycardia, hypoventilation, sore throat - Steven-Johnson syndrome (rash, Medical Emergency)
36
contraindications for anticonvulsants:
- PT with CNS depression - Pregnancy - psychoses, glaucoma
37
when taking anticonvulsant what education must you include?
- Do not miss a dose - avoid alcohol consumption - regular serum plasma levels of the anticonvulsant
38
examples of an anticonvulsant:
- Diazepam - Lorazepam - Midazolam - Clonazepam - Phenytoin
39
what suffix is commonly used for anticonvulsant generic names?
-pam
40
what is the action for antiemetic?
- act on the chemoreceptor trigger zone to inhibit nausea and vomiting. - depressing the sensitivity of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear
41
contraindications for anti emetics:
- PT with severe CNS depression - do not use with alcohol - will make sedation worse
42
examples of anti emetics:
- Ondansetron | - Promethazine
43
action of anesthetics:
removes the feeling or sensation by inhibiting transport of ions across neuronal membranes
44
what effects does ketamine have on the body?
- raises BP - Raises HR - Increased Cardiac Output
45
how long does IM ketamine last?
3-4 minutes
46
examples of ansthetics:
- lidocaine - bupivacaine - ketamine - propofol
47
what is the suffix associated with anesthetic drugs?
-ine
48
what are the different types of analgesics?
- Salicylates - non-salicylates - NSAIDs - Urinary analgesic
49
what is the action for Salicylates?
dilates peripheral blood vessels, prolonging bleeding by inhibiting aggregation of platelets (Aspirin)
50
what drug can have Reye Syndrome as an adverse effect?
Salicylates
51
what class of drug does Acetaminophen belong to?
Non-salicylate
52
what is the maximum daily does of acetaminophen?
4g daily for adults
53
what is the action of NSAIDs?
inhibit the action of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which is responsible for prostaglandin synthesis

Pharmacy (3 decks)

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