Pharmacology 1

Question 1

what is the function of centrally acting adrenergics

Answer 1

to stimulate a2-adrenergic receptors in the brain

Question 2

examples of centrally acting adrenergics

Answer 2

clondine, methyldopa

Question 3

what is the function of peripherally acting a1-blockers

Answer 3

to block a1-receptors, as well as dilate arteries and veins

Question 4

examples of peripherally acting a1-blockers

Answer 4

doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin (osin’s)

Question 5

what is the function of b-adrenergic antagonists (b-blockers)

Answer 5

reduction of the heart rate through b1-receptor blockade primarily in the heart

Question 6

examples of b-blockers

Answer 6

propranolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, carvedilol (olol’s or lol’s)

Question 7

adverse drug effects of b-blockers

Answer 7

hypotension/dizziness, bradycardia/heartblock, sexual disfunction, orthostatic hypotension

Question 8

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Answer 8

inhibits, ACE, which left alone is responsible for converting angiotensin l to angiotensin ll

Question 9

examples of ACE inhibitors

Answer 9

perindopril, ramipril, trandolapril, enalapril (pril’s)

Question 10

adverse effects of ACE inhibitors

Answer 10

benign dry cough, angioedema, hypotension/dizziness, hyperkalemia, pre-renal failure

Question 11

what is the function of angiotensin ll receptor blockers (ARB’s)

Answer 11

relax veins and arteries to lower BP and make it easier for the heart to pump blood

Question 12

examples of ARB’s

Answer 12

losartan, valsartan, candesartan, telmisartan (sartans)

Question 13

function of non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

Answer 13

to slow conduction in SA and AV nodes. to relax smooth muscles in the vasculature lowering BP

Question 14

dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

Answer 14

does not affect HR. to relax smooth muscles in the vasculature lowering BP

Question 15

examples of non-dihydropyridine CCB’s

Answer 15

verapamil, diltiazem

Question 16

examples of dihydropyridine CCB’s

Answer 16

amlodipine, nifedipine (dipine’s)

Question 17

indications of CCBs

Answer 17

angina, hypertension, antidysrhythmias, migraine headache prophylaxis, cerebral artery spasms

Question 18

adverse drug reactions of CCB’s

Answer 18

hypotension/dizziness, reflex tachycardia, peripheral edema, constipation

Question 19

function of vasodilators

Answer 19

causes peripheral vasodilation

Question 20

function of hydralazine (vasodilator)

Answer 20

acts on arterial relaxation, IV available for rapid lowering in hypertensive emergencies

Question 21

ADR of hydralazine

Answer 21

dizziness, headache, reflex tachycardia, edema, dyspnea, rash

Question 22

function of nitroprusside (vasodilator)

Answer 22

acts on arterial relaxation, acutely IV available for rapid lowering in hypertensive emergencies

Question 23

ADR of nitroprusside

Answer 23

headache, methemoglobinemia tolerence

Question 24

function of nitroglycerine (vasodilator)

Answer 24

lower BP or treat chest pain

Question 25

ADR of nitroglycerine

Answer 25

headache, hypotension, dizziness

Question 26

function of diuretics

Answer 26

a net dumping of sodium in the nephron, increased fluid loss via renal system

Question 27

function of loop diuretics

Answer 27

acts on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to block sodium resorption

Question 28

indications of loop diuretics

Answer 28

removes fluid accumulation from HF, RF, LF

Question 29

ADRs of loop diuretics

Answer 29

GI ADRs, headache, dizziness, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis

Question 30

function of potassium-sparing diuretics

Answer 30

blocks the effects of aldosterone in distal tubules and collecting ducts

Question 31

indications of potassium-sparing diuretics

Answer 31

increase K+, severe HF or LF

Question 32

ADR's of potassium-sparing diuretics

Answer 32

standard GI complaints, dizziness, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia

Question 33

function of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

Answer 33

inhibits distal tubular resorption of Na+, Cl- and K+

Question 34

example of thiazide diuretic

Answer 34

hydrochlorothiazide

Question 35

example of thiazide-like diuretics

Answer 35

metolazone, chlorthalidone, indapamide

Question 36

ADR's of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

Answer 36

CNS: dizziness, headache GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea metabolic: low K+, Na

Question 37

drug interactions with diuretics

Answer 37

lithium and NSAIDS (ibuprofen etc)

Question 38

function of statins (antilipemics)

Answer 38

HMG-CoA inhibitors, reduces LDL and TG's, raises HDL

Question 39

examples of statins

Answer 39

anything with statin at the end

Question 40

ADR's of statins

Answer 40

myopathy (muscle pain), liver failure, development of type ll diabetes

Question 41

function of rhabdomyolysis

Answer 41

breakdown of muscle protein

Question 42

function of bile acid sequestrants

Answer 42

prevent resorption of bile acids from small intestine

Question 43

function of niacin (vitamin B3)

Answer 43

alters lipid metabolism in the liver and tissues

Question 44

ADR's of bile acid sequestrants

Answer 44

nausea and constipation

Question 45

ADR's of niacin

Answer 45

flushed feeling in face, GI upset, itchiness

Question 46

fibric acid derivatives (fibrates)

Answer 46

activates lipoprotein lipase, breaking down cholesterol

Question 47

examples of fibrates

Answer 47

anything ending with fibrate

Question 48

ADR's of fibrates

Answer 48

abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, nausea

Question 49

function of cholesterol absorption inhibitors (ezetimibe)

Answer 49

inhibits absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine, reduces LDL

Question 50

ADR's of cholesterol absorption inhibitors

Answer 50

headache, GI upset, bloating possible