Pharmacology

Question 1

Term:
Pharmacy
Pharmacology
Therapeutics

Answer 1

handling on drugs
science of drugs
medical use of drugs

Question 2

Pharmacodynamics definition

Answer 2

what the drug does to an organism

all actions of drug, incl side effects

Question 3

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 3

What the organism does to the drug

absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Question 4

Drugs are chemicals which bind to …….. in ……. (almost always proteins) and mimic, …….. or ……. the action of endogenous ……… or ………..

Answer 4

molecules
cells
stimulate
block
molecules
processes

Question 5

Chemotherapeutic drugs are agents which act against ……… ……… or cancer cells by exploiting ……… differences between the ……… and ……..

Answer 5

infectious microorganisms
biochemical
host
target

Question 6

binding sites are mainly found on …….,, ……….. molecules, … channels and ……..

Answer 6

enzymes
carrier
ion
receptors

Question 7

receptors are …….. which messenger …….. to a …….. site

Answer 7

proteins
molecules
binding

Question 8

once binding site is occupied the receptor changes ……. and this initiates ….. which change the …….. of the cell

Answer 8

shape
processes
function

Question 9

The affinity of a drug for its receptor is the conc of drug required to occupy ..% of the ……… at ………… High affinity means low …

Answer 9

50%
receptors
equilibrium
Kd

Question 10

The efficacy of a drug relates to its ability to ……… the ……. so a ……….. is produced

Answer 10

activate
receptor
response

Question 11

What is a agonist

Answer 11

drugs which activate receptors

Question 12

What is a antagonist

Answer 12

drugs which bind to receptors but don’t activate them

Question 13

Affinity and Efficacy for :
Full agonist
Partial agonist
Antagonists

Answer 13

A E
Y high
Y low
Y no

Question 14

Four classes of receptors

Answer 14

Ligand gated ions (ms)
G protein coupled (seconds)
Kinase linked (hours)
Transcription factors (hours)

Question 15

A “potent” drug can be potent because of its …… ……. to its …….. or to its ……. …….. or to its …….. ………. …….. in the body

Answer 15

high affinity
receptor
low efficacy
slow metabolic breakdown

Question 16

amoxicillin inhibits synthesis of …….. which forms the bacteria …… ……

Answer 16

peptidoglycan

cell wall

Question 17

metronidazole is taken into ….. and reduced to an active form which causes ….. ….. breakage

Answer 17

cells

DNA strand

Question 18

Unless injected intravenously a drug must cross one or more ….. ……. in order to enter the …….. which then is …….. throughout the body

Answer 18

lipid bilayer
bloodstream
distributed

Question 19

Absorption is governed mainly by the …… ……. of a drug

Answer 19

lipid solubility

Question 20

What type of base is local anaesthetics?

Answer 20

weak

Question 21

Drugs given orally are mainly absorbed into the ….. from the …… …….. They enter the portal circulation and then the …….. where they may be ……..

Answer 21

bloodstream
small intestine
liver
metabolised

Question 22

Drugs are eliminated by the body by ……. and ………

Answer 22

metabolism

excretion

Question 23

Phase 1 reactions are …….

Phase 2 reactions are …..

Answer 23

catabolic

synthetic

Question 24

In the liver cells, the enzymes catalysing most phase 1 reactions are located in the …… ….. ……. (microsomes)

Answer 24

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 25

drug excretion is mainly via the ....... drugs enter the ...... ....... either by........ filtration or by being secreted form the peritubular capillaries into the .......

Answer 25

kidneys renal nephrons glomerular nephrons

Question 26

drug > ............ > more water soluble > .............. > .............

Answer 26

liver kidney excretion