Pharmacology Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

POP - forgot one pill, UPSI for the last 2 days. Advice?

Emergency contraception

POP
Take missed pill asap
Condoms for 2 days
If UPSI within 2 days of the missed pill, emergency contraception is needed.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What drug can be given in methotrexate toxicity?

Folinic Acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The drug coumarin antagonises which vitamin?

Vitamin K

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Clomifene citrate mechanism of action?

Selective estrogen receptor modulator

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the antineoplastic drugs causes hemorrhagic cystitis?

Cyclophosphamide

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mechanism of action of ulipristal acetate ?

Selective progesterone receptor modulator

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What nerve can aminoglycosides effect? (side effect)

Vestibulocochlear (8th CN)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mechanism of Action of Indometacin?

COX and prostaglandin inhibitor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Woman 12/40 on lamotrigine has Hb 9.9, MCH 34. Cause of blood count?

Folate deficiency

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Diazepam can cross placenta due to what characteristic?

Lipid solubility

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Heavy menstrual bleeding for 1 year limiting activity. BG asthma. Wants family in 1 year. First line management?

Mirena coil

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which drug can cause kernicterus?

Sulphonamides
e.g. sulfasalazine for Crohn’s etc

kernicterus = brain damage in baby due to raised bilirubin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the mechanism of Letrozole?

Aromatase inhibitor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mechanism of action of terbutaline

Beta 2 agonist

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The antibacterial action of Penicillin is due to its effect on?

Cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which organ anomaly occurs with the use of Tetracycline

Teeth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the mechanism of action of Clindamycin?

It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50s subunit of the ribosome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the mechanism of action of Dabigatran?

Direct thrombin inhibitor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which drug trial phase primarily assesses the safety of a drug?

Phase 1

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A male came for infertility check up who was taking Finasteride for treatment of his male pattern baldness. Finasteride exerts its action by inhibition of which enzyme?

5-alpha reductase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which antihypertensive can cause postnatal depression?

Methyldopa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Botulinum toxin is now used to treat neurogenic bladder because of its ability to

Inhibit the release of acetylcholine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Paroxetine (SSRI) is teratogenic to which organ

Cardiovascular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the mechanism of action of labetalol. Be specific

selective alpha and non-selective beta blocker

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following drugs is used to suppress lactation postpartum in mother who suffers from stillbirth?

Cabergoline and Quinagolide

Drospirenone is (action)

Progestin and Antiandrogenic

When should the prophylactic dose of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) be stopped before regional analgesia?

12 hours

How much progesterone does mirena coil secrete in 24 hours

20 micrograms

Woman on antiemetics presents with involuntary muscle movements / extrapyramidal side effects. Which drug?

Metoclopramide

Main action of COCP

Inhibits ovulation

Drugs readily cross the placenta because of which quality?

Lipid solubility (small lipophilic drugs)

What is the objective of a phase 3 clinical trial

Check effectiveness of the drug 1 - safety 2 - dose/side effects 3 - efficacy in comparison with standard 4 - long term benefits and side effects

What is the term used for the anticancer agent methotrexate?

Antimetabolite

What is the mechanism of action of hydralazine?

Direct smooth-muscle relaxant

What is the mechanism of action of trimethoprim?

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase enzyme

Pregnant patient on lithium - which anomaly can occur?

Ebstein anomaly

Pregnant patient on ACE - which organ anomaly can occur?

Kidney

Woman on carbamazepine for epilepsy, what is suitable contraception

Mirena IUS coil

Woman on ulipristal acetate for fibroids, what is suitable contraception

Condoms only

What type of drug is carboprost

Prostaglandin F2

What is the difference in action between aspirin and ibuprofen

Aspirin irreversibly inhibits COX 1

Most common side effect of misoprostol

Diarrhoea

What is the mechanism of action of mifepristone

Progesterone antagonist Makes Cx and uterine vessels dilate, and causes uterine contraction

For overactive bladder a new drug called Mirabegron is used. MoA?

Selective beta-3 agonist (relaxes smooth muscle of detrusor)

Misoprostol is analogue of

PGE1 Prostaglandin E1

Name a side effect of Terbutaline

Maternal tachycardia

Pregnant woman with Nausea and vomiting. Which fluid should not be given?

Dextrose 5%

Epileptic patient, best contraception?

IUD

COCP is contraindicated in what active disease?

Systemic Lupus Erythematous +ive antiphospholipid antibodies

Side effect of atropine on the detrusor muscle?

Stops contraction, causes urinary retention

Intramuscular adrenaline dose for anaphylaxis

500 micrograms of 1:1000

Alkylating agents like vincristine act against

Tubules vincristine: micro tubule inhibition

DMPA (depo contraception) is associated loss of bone mass in first 6 months of:

What can warfarin cause if used during pregnancy

Nasal hypoplasia

Rate of bone loss per year for pre-menopausal women on GnRH

Rate of loss increases by 5%

Which contraceptive is contraindicated with a history of PE

COCP

Mercaptopurine is a metabolite of

Azathioprine

Mechanism of action in medroxy progesterone (Depo contraception)

inhibits ovulation

What should be monitored in pethidine overdoes?

What family of drugs cause hyperprolactinaemia

antipsychotics

What is the action of atosiban?

oxytocin antagonist Atosiban is a tocolytic agent

Contraindication of oxybutinin

narrow/closed angle glaucoma

What is entonox made up of

Nitrous oxide + O2

Which receptors does ondansetron act on

5HT / serotonin

Midazolam acts on which receptors?

GABA

Drug causes fluid retention

Oxytocin

Which long term contraception has the lowest failure rate

Copper IUCD (implant not on the list)

What is the chemical structure of GnRH?

Decapeptide

40-year old w heavy regular periods for 5 years. USS NAD. What is the most appropriate first line pharmaceutical treatment for this patient?

Insertion of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system

What are the second line drugs used in hyperemesis?

First line Cyclizine (H), promethazine (H), prochlorperazine (D) Second line Metoclopramide (D+), ondansetron (serotonin)

Isoniazid metabolism is by

Hepatic acetylation

Why is ramifentanyl used in patient controlled analgesia?

Short acting easily metabolized by serum esterase

Where does warfarin primarily act in the clotting cascade?

Inhibits Vitamin K Reduces clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X

Which drug trial phase primarily assesses the safety of a drug?

Phase 1

Light PVB 3/52 after starting COCP. Chlamydia test negative, cx smear negative. Management?

Follow up 3 months after starting pill

Half life of Mifepristone?

Lack of consensus online ?85-90 hours

What is the most common adverse effect experienced on POP?

Erratic bleeding

What is the mechanism of action of oxytocin?

Acts on g-like receptors and increases intracellular Ca

What structure is Heparin?

polysaccharide

Oxybutynin side effects? 3 groups

Antimuscarinic: Dry mouth, dry eyes Diarrhoea / vomiting / constipation Headaches / dizziness (all common)

Fluconazole mechanism of action

p450 inhibits ergosterol and membrane

Tranexamic acid (TXA) mechanism of action

Anti-fibrinolytic

What should be monitored when a patient is on LMWH?

Anti-Xa activity

What are the windows of use for Levonorgestrel Ulipristal IUD

Levonorgestrel - 72 hours (3 days) Ulipristal - 120 hours (5 days) IUD - 120 hours (5 days)

What is a common side effect of DMPA (depo provera injection contraception)

irregular bleeding

Raltegravir MoA

Inhibits HIV integrase (which would insert viral DNA into host cell)

Why can't oxytocin be given orally?

It disturbs gastric epithelium, and is destroyed by gastric juice

Metronidazole MoA

Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis, disrupting microbial DNA

Name a second generation progesterone

Levonogestrel

Which hormone is given for vaginal atrophy?

DHEA - a steroid precursor

Doxazosin MoA

Alpha adrenergic antagonist (alpha blocker / ARB)

Nevirapine MoA

non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) HIV drug

POP mechanism of action

Inhibits ovulation Thickens cervical mucus

Which antiemetic causes hyperprolactinaemia

metoclopramide

neostigmine MoA

Inhibits acetylcholine hydrolysis Used in myasthenia gravis

What is the MoA of apixaban?

Inhibits factor Xa

What is carbaprost (an oxytotic) a synthetic analogue of?

Synthetic prostaglandin analogue of PGF2α

What is DMPA and how long does it last?

DMPA is the depo contraceptive It lasts 3 months

Atropine (used to treat post op bradycardia). What receptors does it act on?

Blocks acetylcholine receptors

Pharmacology Flashcards

(99 cards)