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Cohort 50 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Define Pharmacodynamics

A

The study of how a medication alters a function or process within the body

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2
Q

Define pharmacokinetics

A

The action of the body on a medication.

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3
Q

Endogenous chemicals

A

Produced from within the body

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4
Q

Exogenous chemicals

A

Produced outside the body

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5
Q

Agonist medications

A

Initiate or alter a cellular activity by attaching to receptor sites, prompting a cell response

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6
Q

Antagonist medications

A

Prevent endogenous or exogenous agonist chemicals from reaching cell receptor sites and initiating or altering a particular cellular activity.

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7
Q

Affinity

A

The ability of a medication to bind with a particular receptor site

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8
Q

LR
Other name

A

Hartmann

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9
Q

LR
Mechanism

A

Replace water and electrolytes

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10
Q

LR
Indicate

A

Hypovolemic shock
TKO line
Hypoperfusion

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11
Q

LR
Contra

A

Don’t use in pt w renal failure or heart failure

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12
Q

LR
Side affects

A

Rare

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13
Q

LR
Drug interactions

A

Few in emergency setting

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14
Q

LR
Adult dose

A

Hypovolemic shock- titrate to CTC response

Hypoperfusion- 20ml/kg over 15 min

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15
Q

LR
Pediatric dose

A

Hypovolemic shock- titrate to CTC response

Hypoperfusion- 20ml/kg over 15 min (neonate- 10ml/kg over 5-10 min)

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16
Q

LR
Duration

A

Short term therapy

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17
Q

0.9% Sodium Chloride
Other names

A

Normal Saline
NS

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18
Q

NS
Class

A

Isotonic crystalloid solution

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19
Q

NS
Mechanism

A

Replace water and electrolytes

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20
Q

LR
Class

A

Isotonic crystalloid sol

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21
Q

NS
Indication

A

Hypovolemia
TKO line
Heat problems
DKA
Fresh water drowning

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22
Q

NS
Contra

A

Do not use in pt with renal and heart failure

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23
Q

NS
Side effects

A

Rare

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24
Q

NS
Drug interactions

A

Few in emergency setting

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25
NS Adult and Ped dose
Situational
26
NS Duration
Short term therapy
27
Nitroglycerin Other names
Nitrostat Nitrobid Tridil
28
Nitro Class
Vasodilator
29
Nitro Mechanism
Relax the smooth muscle of the vessels, bronchial, uterine, and intestine Dilate peripheral vessels Decrease preload/ after load which decreases the myocardial ox demand
30
Nitro Indication
Acute angina pectoris Ischemic angina HTN Heart failure Pulmonary edema
31
Nitro Contra
Hypotension Hypovolemia ICH Pericardial tamponade Severe Brady or tachycardia RV infarct ED meds within 24 hours
32
Nitro Side effects
Headache Dizziness Weakness Reflex tachycardia Syncope Hypotension N/v Dry mouth Muscle twitch Diaphoresis
33
Nitro Drug interactions
Additive effect with other vasodilation meds Incompatible with other IV drugs
34
Nitro Adult dose
0.4 SL q 3-5 min up to 3 doses IV infusion: begin at 10mcg/min, increase by 10 mcg q 3-5 min. Titrate prn up to 200mcg/min
35
Nitro Ped doses
Not recommended
36
Nitro Duration
Onset: 1-3 min Peak: 5-10 min Duration: 20-30 min
37
Nitro Consider
Pregnancy caution C Rule out RV infarct w right sided ekg if an interior MI is noted
38
FDA Preg category A
No evidence of risk to baby
39
FDA preg category B
No human trials but animal fetus had no risk/ harm
40
FDA preg category C
Animal studies showed adverse affects on fetus however situational use may warrant for a mother to have medication based on a benefit to risk analysis
41
FDA preg category D
Positive evidence of human fetal risk but the med still may be given to mom based on a benefit to risk analysis
42
FDA preg category X
Studies show that these medications have serious fetal risks that clearly outweigh the benefit
43
FDA preg category N
FDA has not classified the drug
44
Epi Class
Sympathomimetic
45
Epi Mechanism
Agonist of: Alpha (vasoconstrict) beta1 (positive inotrope, chronotrope, dromotrope) Beta2 (relax and dilated smooth muscle vasculature) Blocks histamine receptor
46
Epi 1:10 Indication
Cardiac arrest (asystole, PEA, pulses Vtach, Vfib) Symptomatic bradycardia alt to dopamine Hypotension from Hypovolemia
47
Epi contra
None in emergency
48
10 rights
Pt Med Dose Route Time Documentation Assessment To refuse Evaluation Pt education
49
Epi side effect
Nervous Restless Headache Tremor Pulmonary edema Dysthymia Chest pain Hypertension Tachycardia N/V
50
Epi 1:10 adult dose
1 mg IV/IO q 3-5 min 2-2.5 mg in 10mL NS via ET tube Push dose- 2-10 mcg/min titrated
51
Epi 1:10 ped dose
0.01 mg/kg IV/IO q 3-5 min for cardiac arrest and symptomatic bradycardia Push dose- 1mcg/kg q 2-5 min IV/IO
52
Epi duration
Onset- immediate Peak- minutes Duration- several minutes
53
Epi considerations
Preg caution C Contraindicated in active labor Could cause syncope with asthma kid May increase myocardial ox demand
54
Epi push dose indication
Severe Hypotension and Bradycardia (Not due to Hypovolemic shock)
55
Epi 1:1 indication
Anaphylaxis Asthma
56
Epi Drug interactions
Potentiates other sympathomimetic Deactivated by alkaline solutions MAOI might potentiate Epi Beta blocker may blunt Epi effects
57
Epi 1:1 Adult dose
0.3-0.5 IM
58
Epi 1:1 Ped dose
Anaphylaxis/ asthma 0.01 mg/kg IM up to 0.3 mg Stridor 0.25-0.5 mg/kg in 3mL nebulized
59
Aspirin Other names
Acetylsalicylic acid ASA
60
ASA Class
Platelet inhibitor Anti inflammatory
61
ASA Mechanism
Prevents thromboxane A2 formation (stopping platelet aggregation) Antipyretic Analgesics
62
ASA Indication
Acute chest pain ACS
63
ASA Contra
Hs Acute ulcer disease Asthma
64
ASA Side effects
Bronchospasm Anaphylaxis Wheezing Prolonged bleeding GI bleeding Epigastric distress N/V Reye syndrome
65
ASA Side effects
Bronchospasm Anaphylaxis Wheezing Prolonged bleeding GI bleeding Epigastric distress N/V Reye syndrome
66
ASA Drug interactions
Caution with NSAID allergy
67
ASA Adult dose
160-325 mg PO chew
68
ASA Ped dose
Not recommended
69
ASA Duration
Onset 5-30 min Peak 1-3 hours Duration 3-6 hours
70
ASA Considerations
Preg caution D Administer ASAP for ACS
71
Nitropaste Other name
Nitrobid ointment
72
Nitropaste Adult dose
1/2 - 1/3 inch (30-50mg) Cover with wrap and secure with tape Max 5 inch line per application
73
Nitropaste Ped dose
Not recommended
74
Ondansetron HCL Other name
Zofran
75
Zofran Class
Serotonin receptors agonist Antiemetic
76
Zofran Mechanism
Blocks serotonin action (Serotonin naturally causes N/V)
77
Zofran Indication
Prevent and control N/V
78
Zofran Contra
HS
79
Zofran Side effect
Headache Malaise Wheezing Bronchospasm Afib Abnormal EKG Prolonged QT interval ST segment depression 2nd degree AV block Constipation Diarrhea Hives Skin rash
80
Drug interaction
Not recommend if pt take apomorphine, mesoridazine, thioridazine
81
Zofran Adult dose
4mg IM/IV/PO/SL May repeat once after 10 min Acute motion sickness- repeat every 6 hours
82
Zofran Ped dose
6 months- 14 years 0.15 mg/kg IV/PO Mac of 4 mg
83
Zofran Duration
Onset 30 min Peak 2 hours Duration 3-6 hours
84
Zofran Consideration
Preg caution B
85
How do we carry Zofran
Vial of 4mg/2ml Or 4mg tablets SL
86
How is Nitropaste Carried
30g of 2% ointment
87
How is nitro carried
0.4 mg nitro per spray SL 0.4 mg tablets SL 50mg/10ml iv infusion
88
How do we carry Epi
1mg/10ml preloaded syringe 1mg/1ml vial
89
How do we carry ASA
81 mg chewable tablets

Cohort 50 (9 decks)

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