Pharmacology Flashcards
(81 cards)
1
Q
cef-; ceph-
A
Cephalosporins (antibiotics)
2
Q
cort-
A
Corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory)
3
Q
rifa-
A
Antituberculines
4
Q
sulf-
A
Sulfonamides (antibiotics)
5
Q
-actone
A
Potassium-sparing diuretics
6
Q
-ane
A
General anesthetics
7
Q
-ase
A
Thrombolytics (clot-busters)
8
Q
-azole
A
Antifungals
9
Q
-azosin
A
Alpha blockers (adrenergic antagonists)
10
Q
-barbital
A
Barbiturates (sedative-hypnotics)
11
Q
-caine
A
Local anesthetics
12
Q
-calci-
A
Calcium & Vitamin D supplements
13
Q
-cillin
A
Penicillins
14
Q
-ciclovir
A
Antivirals
15
Q
-curium
A
Neuromuscular blockers
16
Q
-curonium
A
Neuromuscular blockers
17
Q
-cycline
A
Tetracyclines (antibiotics)
18
Q
-cyclovir
A
Antivirals
19
Q
-dazole
A
Nitroimidazole antimicrobial
20
Q
-dipine
A
Calcium channel blockers
21
Q
-dronate
A
Biphosphonates
22
Q
-ergot-
A
Ergotamines (anti-migraine)
23
Q
-ine
A
Stimulants
24
Q
-lam
A
Benzodiazepines (anxiolytics)
25
-lol
Beta blockers (adrenergic antagonists)
26
-lone
Corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory)
27
-micin
Aminoglycosides (antibiotics)
28
-mycin
Aminoglycoside/Macrolides (antibiotics)
29
-navir
HIV/AIDS antivirals
30
-pam
Benzodiazepines (anxiolytics)
31
-parin
Anticoagulant
32
-prazole
Proton pump inhibitors (anti-ulcer)
33
-pril
ACE inhibitors (antihypertensives)
34
-profen
NSAIDS (anti-inflammatory)
35
-quine
Antiparasitics
36
-sartan
Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists
37
-semide
Loop diuretic
38
-setron
5-HT3 receptor antagonists (antiemetics)
39
-sone
Corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory)
40
-statin
HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitor
41
-stigmine
Cholinergics
42
-stine
Antineoplastics (anti-tumor)
43
-terol
Bronchodilators
44
-thiazide
Thiazide diuretics
45
-tidine
H2 receptor antagonists (anti-ulcer)
46
-triptan
Anti-migraines
47
-triptyline
Tricyclics (antidepressants)
48
-vir
Antivirals
49
-vudine
HIV/AIDS antivirals
50
-zepam; -zolam
Benzodiazepines (anxiolytics)-
51
-zine
Phenothiazines (antipsychotics, antiemetics)
52
-zoline
Nasal decongestants
53
(Fast) Short acting insulins
Regular (Humulin R)
Onset: 30 min-1 hour
Peak: 2-3 hours
Duration: 5-7 hours
54
(Slow) Intermediate acting insulins
NPH insulin (Humulin N)
Onset: 1-2 hours
Peak: 4-12 hours
Duration: 18-24 hours
55
(Slowest) Long-acting insulins
Insuline glargine (Lantus)
Onset: 1 hour
Peak: None
Duration: 10-24 hours
56
Antiemetics
Used in the treatment and/or prevention of nausea and vomiting
Includes: 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (serotonin antagonists), Dopamine antagonists, some antihistamines and cannabinoids
57
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
Decrease stomach acid by inhibiting gastric proton pumps that make the acid
58
Erectile Dysfunction Agents
Increase nitric oxide which opens and relaxes the blood vessels of the penis causing increased blood flow
59
Erectile Dysfunction Medication Side Effects
Headache, flushing, back pain, and muscle aches (with Levitra), temporary vision changes (including "blue vision with Viagra)
60
Erectile Dysfunction Medication Contraindications
Men with heart problems, uncontrolled blood pressure problems, history of stroke, or health problem that can cause priapism.
61
Iron supplement side effects
Teeth staining (liquid form) --> Dilute with water or juice, drink with a straw, and rinse mouth after swallowing
Skin and tissue staining (IM injections) --> Give deep IM using Z track
62
Iron Drug-Drug Interactions
Antacids or tetracyclines --> decrease absorption of iron, so separate use by at least 2 hours
Vitamin C --> increase absorption, but also increases incidences of GI complications
63
Iron Supplements Patient Education
Take on empty stomach 1 hour before meals to maximize absorption (but may cause GI distress --> nausea, constipation, heartburn); can be administered with food, but this reduced absorption
Space doses equally throughout the day
Stool may look dark green or black (but this is harmless)
Increase fiber and water intake (unless contraindicated), and maintain exercise program to counter constipation
Encourage intake of foods high in iron (liver, egg yolks, muscle meats, yeast)
64
Statins (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors)
Treat primary hypercholesterolemia, prevent coronary events (primary and secondary), protects against MI and stroke for clients with diabetes, and help increase HDL levels in clients with hypercholesterolemia
65
Statins Adverse Effects
Hepatoxicity (establish baseline liver functions and monitor at 12 weeks and then every 6 months and avoid alcohol), myopathy and peripheral neuropathy (report muscle weakness and/or aches, pain, tingling, and tenderness), CK levels to be monitored periodically
66
Anticoagulants
Prevent the formation of blood clots by interfering with clotting cascade
67
Anticoagulants Contraindications
Active bleeding, bleeding disorders, ulcers, or hemorrhagic brain injuries
68
Heparin
H- heparin sodium prevents thrombin from converting fibrinogen to fibrin (administered IV or SQ)
E- noxaparin (Lovenox) is a low molecular weight heparin (longer half-life and administered SQ)
P- rotamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin
A- dminister when there is the likelihood of clot formation (such as MI or DVT)
R-isk for bleeding (monitor for bleeding, including bleeding gums, bruises, hematuria, and petechiae
I- instruct clients to avoid corticosteroid use, salicylates, NSAIDs, green leafy vegetables, and foods high in Vitamin K
N- ormal aPTT is 20-36 seconds, but therapeutic level on heparin should be 1.5-2 times normal value (60-80 seconds)
69
Coumadin
C- Coumadin (Warfarin sodium) interferes with coagulation factors by antagonizing Vitamin K
O- ral administration (may need heparin until therapeutic effect achieved)
U- se contraindicated for low platelet counts or uncontrolled bleeding
M- ephyton (Vitamin K) is the antidote
A- void foods high in Vitamin K and use of acetaminophen, glucocorticoids, and aspirin, and wear a medic alert bracelet
D- ones are typically once a day
I- NR and PT are monitored. INR should be 1.5-2 times control, and PT should be 2-3.
N- ot for pregnant women! Heparin can be used.
70
Antiplatelets
Prevent platelets from clumping together by inhibiting enzymes and factors that normally cause arterial clotting
71
Antiplatelets Indications
Low dose (81mg) prevent MI and stroke
72
Antiplatelets Contraindications
Peptic ulcer disease, severe renal/hepatic disorders
73
Antiplatelets Side Effects
Hemorrhagic stroke (weakness, dizziness, headache
Monitor bleeding time
Coffee ground emesis or bloody, tarry stools
Watch for bruising, petechiae, bleeding gums
74
Antiplatelets Interactions
Avoid use with medications that enhance bleeding (NSAIDs, heparin, warfarin)
Corticosteroids (may increase aspirin effects)
Concurrent use with aspirin may reduce hypertensive action of beta blockers
75
Thrombolytic Agents
Clot busters (restoration of circulation as evidenced by relief of chest pain, and reduction of initial ST segment injury pattern on ECG)
76
Thrombolytic Adverse Effects
Increased bleeding (baseline platelet and blood counts --> aPTT, PT, and INR; venipuncture and SQ and IM injections should be limited)
77
Echinacea
Used to treat the common cold
With chronic use, can decrease positive effects of medications for TB, HIV, or cancer
78
Ginger root
Decrease nausea of morning sickness, motion sickness, and nausea induced by surgery
May decrease pain and stiffness of rheumatoid arthritis
Suppresses platelet aggregation
Use cautiously in pregnancy
79
Ginkgo biloba
Promotes vasodilation and may be used to increase recall ability and mental processes (used commonly with dementia and Alzheimer's disease)
May be used for erectile dysfunction in clients who take SSRIs and experience impotence as a side effect
May interact with medications that lower the seizure threshold (such as antihistamines, antidepressants, and antipsychotics)
May interfere with coagulation
80
Valerian
Increases GABA to prevent insomnia (promotes sleep with increased effect over time. There is risk of dependence)
May cause drowsiness and depression
Use cautiously in clients with mental health disorders
Avoid use in pregnancy or while breastfeeding
81
Black cohosh
Acts as estrogen substitute (may be used during menopause)
Increases the effects of antihypertensive medications and may increase effect of estrogen medications
Increases hypoglycemia in clients taking insulin or other diabetes medications
