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haematology > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Main indication for aspirin

A

Anti-platelet agent

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2
Q

MOA aspirin

A

Inhibits COX which is needed to produce thromboxane A2

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3
Q

What is thromboxane A2

A

A platelet agonist released from granules on activation

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4
Q

Adverse effects of aspirin (3)

A

BLEEDING
GI ulceration
Bronchospasm

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5
Q

Main indication of Clopidogrel

A

Anti-platelet agent

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6
Q

MOA Clopidogrel

A

ADP receptor antagonist

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7
Q

Adverse effect of Clopidogrel

A

Bleeding

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8
Q

Indication for dipyridamole

A

Anti-platelet agent

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9
Q

MOA dipyridamole

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor

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10
Q

Consequences of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor

A

Increases production of cAMP which inhibits platelet aggregation

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11
Q

Adverse effect of dipyridamole

A

Bleeding

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12
Q

Give an example of a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor

A

Abciximab

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13
Q

Indication of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor

A

Anti-platelet agent

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14
Q

MOA of PG IIb/IIIa inhibitors

A

Inhibit aggregation

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15
Q

Adverse effect of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors

A

Bleeding

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16
Q

Administration of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors

A

IV

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17
Q

Main indication of heparin

A

Anticoagulant

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18
Q

State the 2 types of heparin

A

Unfractionated and low molecular weight

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19
Q

MOA of heparin

A

Potentiates antithrombin

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20
Q

How is unfractionated heparin monitored

A

Activated partial thromboplastin time

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21
Q

How is LMWH monitored

A

Anti-Xa assay

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22
Q

Adverse effects of heparin (3)

A

Bleeding
Thrombocytopenia
Osteoporosis with long-term use of

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23
Q

How is heparin reversed (2)

Study These Flashcards
A

STOP THE DRUG
protamine sulphate if needed

24
Q

Administration of heparin (2)

25
Main indication for warfarin
Anticoagulant
26
MOA warfarin
Inhibits vitamin K
27
How is warfarin monitored
Using INR
28
What is INR
A way of reporting prothrombin time
29
Major adverse effect of warfarin
Haemorrhage
30
Mild bleeding complications of warfarin (3)
Easy bruising Epistaxis Haematuria
31
Severe bleeding complications of warfarin (2)
GI, intracerebral
32
How is warfarin reversed (3 options)
DEPENDING ON INR - stopped - oral vitamin K - administer clotting factors
33
Administration of warfarin
PO at the same time every day
34
When is warfarin recommended to be taken
6pm
35
When are DOACs used (3)
- prophylaxis in elective knee/hip replacements - treating PE or DVT - stroke prevention for afib patients
36
MOA dabigatran
Direct thrombin inhibitors
37
MOA apixaban/rivaroxaban
Direct activated factor X inhibitors
38
Where in the cell cycle do drugs inhibiting DNA synthesis target
S phase
39
Why are antimetabolites used in chemotherapy
Have the ability to disrupt the rapid division of cancer cells
40
Give some examples of antimetabolites
Methotrexate 5-fluorouracil Mercaptopurine Fludarabine Hyroxyurea
41
How does methotrexate act as an antimetabolite
Inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductive leading to the depletion of folic acid which is needed for DNA synthesis
42
How does hydroxyurea work as an antimetabolite
Inhibits the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase which is involved in the synthesis of deoxyribonucletides
43
What are the 2 main types of drugs used in chemotherapy
Mitotic spindle inhibitors Cell cycle specific agents
44
Give some examples of mitotic spindle inhibitors
Vinca alakaloids Alkylating agents Anthracyclines
45
Name a vinca alkaloid
Vincrisitine
46
Give an example an a alkylating agent
Chlorambucil
47
Give an example of an anthracycline
Doxorubicin
48
Give some side effects of cytotoxic drugs
Bone marrow suppression Gut mucosal damage Alopecia
49
Side effect of vinca alkaloids
Neuropathy
50
Side effect of anthracyclines
Cardiomyopathy
51
Side effects of alkylating agents
Infertility Secondary malignancy
52
Side effect of cis-platinum
Nephrotoxicity
53
How do we overcome myelosuppression
Use haemopoietic growth factors Combine myelosuppressive and non-myelosuppressive agents
54
MOA of rituximab
Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
55
Main indication of rituximab as chemo
Non Hodgkin lymphoma
56
Main indication for ofatumunab and obinutumab in chemo
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
57
Main indication for lenalidomide
Myeloma

haematology (11 decks)

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