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Clinical Care > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Adrenaline autoinjector: indication

A

Anaphylaxis
(Alpha + beta agonist to increase HR and CO, bronchodilation)

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2
Q

Adrenaline autoinjector: dose

A

> 6 years: 300mcg repeat once at 5 minutes if needed
1-6 years: 150mcg repeat once at 5 minutes if needed

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3
Q

Adrenaline autoinjector: side effects

A

Tachycardia / dysrhythmia
Dilated pupil
Tremor
Anxiety
Hypertension
N+V

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4
Q

Adrenaline autoinjector: precautions

A

Hypertension
Hypovolaemic shock

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5
Q

Adrenaline autoinjector: contraindications

A

Nil

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6
Q

Aspirin: indication

A

Acute coronary syndrome
Acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
(Inhibits platelet aggregation)

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7
Q

Aspirin: dose

A

> 18 years: 300mg tablet (no repeat)

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8
Q

Aspirin: side effect

A

Allergy
Increased bleeding
GI upset
Bronchospasm
N+V

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9
Q

Aspirin: precaution

A

Pregnancy
Conditions requiring surgery

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10
Q

Aspirin: contraindication

A

Allergy
Peptic ulcer
<18 years
Non-cardiac chest pain

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11
Q

Fexofenadine: use

A

Local/mild allergic reaction
(Stabilises histamine)

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12
Q

Adrenaline autoinjector: onset

A

60s

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13
Q

Aspirin: onset

A

10min

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14
Q

Fexofenadine: onset

A

Up to 30mins

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15
Q

Fexofenadine: side effects

A

Headache
Drowsy
Nausea
Dry mouth

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16
Q

Fexofenadine: precaution

A

Pregnant or lactating

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17
Q

Fexofenadine: contraindication

A

Allergy
<12 years
Had in previous 24 hours

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18
Q

Fexofenadine: dose

A

> 12 years: 180mg PO (no repeat)

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19
Q

Glucagon: indication

A

Symptomatic hypoglycaemia where unable to use oral
(Converts glycogen to glucose)

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20
Q

Glucagon: onset

A

Up to 7 minutes

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21
Q

Glucagon: dose

A

<12Kg: 0.5mg IM (no repeat)
>25Kg: 1mg IM (no repeat)

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22
Q

Glucagon: side effect

A

GI upset
Allergy

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23
Q

Glucagon: precaution

A

Elderly with heart disease

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24
Q

Glucagon: contraindication

A

Allergy

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25
How do you prepare glucagon?
Add water to powder vial Dissolve Draw dose
26
Why might glucagon not work?
If patient does not have glycogen stores e.g. alcoholic, post-octal, child
27
Glucose gel: indication
Symptomatic hypoglycaemia (Provide glucose)
28
Glucose gel: onset
<15min
29
Glucose gel: dose
<2 years: small amount on finger rubbed in gums/cheeks (no repeats) >2 years: 15g PO repeat once after 15 minutes
30
Glucose gel: side effect
Encephalopathy in low thiamine alcoholic
31
Glucose gel: precaution
Alcoholic, low thiamine
32
Glucose gel: contraindication
ALOC Altered gag reflex
33
Glyceryl trinitrate: indication
Acute coronary syndrome (Dilates coronary arteries + other vessels)
34
Glyceryl trinitrate: onset
<2mins
35
Glyceryl trinitrate: dose
>18 years: 1 spray SL repeat every 5 minutes if needed
36
Glyceryl trinitrate: side effect
Headache Hypotension Flushed Tachycardia Dizzy
37
Glyceryl trinitrate: precaution
Inferior MI Erectile dysfunction meds in previous 4 days Cerebral vascular disease Risk hypotension and syncope
38
Glyceryl trinitrate: contraindication
Allergy <100 mmHg systolic HR <50 or >150 <18 years Erectile dysfunction meds in previous 4 days Head trauma or CVA
39
Ibuprofen: indication
Moderate pain 2-6 or pain from tissue injury and inflammation (Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis)
40
Ibuprofen: onset
Up to 30mins
41
Ibuprofen: dose
12-65 years: 400mg PO (no repeat)
42
Ibuprofen: side effect
GI upset N+V Renal impairment Allergy
43
Ibuprofen: precaution
History of GI issues Liver dysfunction Asthma
44
Ibuprofen: contraindication
<12 years or >65 years Allergy Current ulcer or GI bleed Dehydrated or hypovolaemic Renal impairment Pregnant Heart failure Anticoagulant, ACE or diuretic medications Not had NSAID before
45
Methoxyflurane: indication
Moderate pain 2-6 that is unresponsive to other methods (Inhibits excitatory brain activity: hypnotic + amnesiac)
46
Methoxyflurane: onset
Up to 3 mins
47
Methoxyflurane: dose
1-16 years: 3ml inhaler (no repeats) >16 years: 3ml inhaler repeat once after 20 minutes if needed
48
Methoxyflurane: side effect
Amnesia GI upset ALOC Renal damage
49
Methoxyflurane: precaution
On drugs or alcohol Renal damage in high doses
50
Methoxyflurane: contraindication
MH history ALOC Eclamptic Severe renal or liver impaired <1 years Allergy
51
What extra care needs to be considered when using methoxyflurane?
Maximum weekly dose for any patient or crew is 15ml per week Do not use in confined space Maximum daily use for crew member is 2 doses
52
Oxygen: precaution
COPD Paraquat poisoning Bleomycin lung injury Neonate Reduced liver function GI obstruction
53
Oxygen: contraindication
Long QT <2 years On apomorphine treatment
54
Oxygen: dose
Titrate to achieve SpO2 as per condition
55
Paracetamol: indication
Mild pain 1-3 Fever >38.5
56
Paracetamol: onset
Up to 1 hour
57
Paracetamol: dose
1month-16 years: 15mg/Kg elixir (no repeat) 7-12 years: 250-500mg PO (no repeat) >12 years: 500mg-1000mg PO (no repeat)
58
Paracetamol: side effect
Nausea
59
Paracetamol: contraindication
Allergy Less than 1 month old
60
Paracetamol: precaution
Renal or liver issues Prolonged use >3 days adult or >2 days paed
61
Salbutamol: indication
Bronchospasm (Beta 2 agonist - bronchodilation)
62
Salbutamol: onset
Up to 5 mins
63
Salbutamol: dose
1-5 years: 4 sprays MDI repeat every 4 minutes as needed; 2.5mg NEB >6 years: 4 sprays MDI repeat every 4 minutes as needed; 5mg NEB
64
Salbutamol: side effect
Anxiety Tachycardia Tremor Nausea High potassium / metabolic acidosis
65
Salbutamol: precaution
IHD APO
66
Salbutamol: contraindication
Allergy <1 years
67
How should you use an MDI?
With a spacer using 4x4x4 method: 1 spray then 4 breaths - repeat for 4 sprays - wait 4 minutes and repeat if needed
68
What should you assess following drug administration?
Primary and secondary survey
69
What consideration should be given to oral route?
Can they swallow Adequate fluid
70
What consideration should be given to inhaled route?
Appropriate TV Care in confined space
71
What consideration should be given to nebulised route?
Appropriate TV Patient needs to actually breath the dose for it to work
72
What sites are appropriate for IM injection?
Deltoid (between acromion process and deltoid tuberosity) Vastus lateralis muscle (between lateral femur condyle and greater trochanter)
73
What is the Z track method?
Pulling skin aside prior to an IM injection to ensure dose cannot leak out of subcutaneous space via the injection pathway
74
How do you perform an IM injection?
PPE and sharps care Clean skin Z track method Insert needle like a dart Aspirate and inject Remove
75
How do you use an epipen?
Remove cap Blue end to the sky Form a fist around the middle of the pen Push to thigh for 3 seconds until it clicks Release

Clinical Care (2 decks)

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