Pharmacology Flashcards

Question

Fibrinolytics/ Thrombolytics

Answer 1

Indications * Established clots (PE, Ischemic stroke) Action * Enzyme converts plasminogen to plasmin, destroying the clot Adverse Effects * Hemorrhage Nursing Considerations * Must give ASAP (within 4.5 hours) * Don’t give with other anticoagulants or antiplatelets * Mild allergic reactions are common ○ Give antihistamine of corticosteroids Urokinase, Streptokinase, Alteplase

Answer 2

Class: Antibiotics Indications * Infections Action * Weakens bacterial cell wall * Bacteria dies and stops making you sick Side Effects * Rash * Diarrhea Nursing Considerations * Low toxicity but common allergic reactions * Caution in renal patient's * Monitor kidney function (BUN, Cr) Monitor for rash

Answer 3

Class: Antibiotics Indications * Tx for serious infections caused by gram-neg aerobic bacilli Action * Weakens bacterial cell walls killing bacteria Nursing Considerations * Ototoxicity - monitor for tinnitus Commonly used with penicillin's

Answer 4

Class: Antibiotics Indications * Urinary infection * Respiratory infections Action * Stops bacterial DNA replications killing bacteria Nursing Considerations * Warning for tendinitis and tendon rupture * Do not giver under 18 years old * Can exacerbate muscle weakness in MG * Phototoxicity * Give "quins" ALONE * Cause QT prolongation * Can cause tendon rupture Dec effects of Phenytoin

Answer 5

Class: Antibiotics Indications * C.Diff * MRSA * Tx serious infections with susceptible organism in clients allergic to penicillin Action * Inhibits cell wall synthesis, promoting bacterial lysis and death Nursing Considerations * Nephrotoxic * Monitor trough levels * Red Man Syndrome ○ Flushing, rash, pruritis, urticaria, tachycardia, hypotension ○ Give over 60 min (central line)

Answer 6

Indication * Autoimmune disorders * Transplant recipients Action * Decreases the activity of the immune system Side effects * Diarrhea * N&V * Anorexia * Weakness * Headache Nursing Considerations * Makes the client more susceptible to infections * Talk to the health care provider before receiving vaccinations * No grapefruit Tacrolimus, Sirolimus

Answer 7

Indication * Immunodeficiency * Autoimmune disorders Action * Passive immunity through antibody administration Nursing Considerations * High risk for a reaction - common to premedicate with acetaminophen and diphenhydramine Titrated on slowly (especially the first infusion) IVIG, RhoGAM

Answer 8

class: Anticonvulsants Indication * Seizures Action * Blocks sustained high frequency repetitive firing of action potentials Side effect * Gingival hyperplasia ○ Regular dental check-ups ○ Use soft bristle toothbrush Nursing Considerations * Therapeutic level: 10-20 mcg/mL * Antacids can reduce the effect of phenytoin and should be avoided

Answer 9

Class: Antipyretic, non-opioid analgesic Action * Inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins, which play a role in transmission of pain signals and fever response Nursing Considerations * Max daily dose = 4g * For long term use - the maximum daily dose is only 3 grams per day!! * Monitor liver function Antidote n-acetylcysteine

Answer 10

Indication * Pain * Inflammation * Fever Action * Block prostaglandins which cause inflammation, pain, and fever Nursing Considerations * Can cause prolonged bleeding * Typically avoided in trauma and surgical clients * Can cause peptic ulcers Aspirin Ibuprofen Ketoprofen Naproxen

Answer 11

class: NSAIDs Indication * Pain - arthritis; * Stroke and MI prophylaxis Action * Inhibits the production of prostaglandins, which leads to a reduction of fever and inflammation, decreases platelet aggregation leading to a decrease in ischemic diseases Nursing Considerations * Risk of bleeding ○ Don’t administer with other anticoagulants ○ D/c 5-7 days prior to surgery * Caution with pediatric clients ○ Reye’s syndrome can occur with viral infections ○ Only time it is commonly used in peds is in Kawasaki's disease

Answer 12

Class: opioid Indication * Pain Action * Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS and alters perception of pain while producing a general depression of the CNS Side effect * Constipation Nursing Considerations * CNS depressant ○ Decreased respiration, decreased heart rate, etc. ○ Monitor respiratory rate Antidote: Naloxone

Answer 13

Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor Indications * GERD * Ulcers Action * Prevents transports of H ion into gastric lumen, decreasing gastric acid production Nursing Considerations * Administer 30-60 min BEFORE meal Report black, tarry stools Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Lansoprazole, Rabeprazole

Answer 14

Class: Antiemetics Indication * Nausea/vomiting Action * Blocks effects of serotonin on vagal nerve and CNS Nursing Considerations * Administer slowly - fast push can cause QT prolongation and VT

Answer 15

What * Nutrition delivered intravenously * Also called hyperalimentation Contains * Dextrose * Amino acids * Electrolytes Indications * Enteral nutrition is contraindicated * Client is not tolerating enteral nutrition * High risk for aspiration * GI tract obstruction Complications * Infection * Fluid overload ○ Daily weights * Hypo/hyperglycemia ○ Give Dextrose 10% at same rate IF run out of TPN Embolism

Answer 16

Class: Antihistamine Action * Block the release of histamine. Histamine is found in mast cells within GI mucosa and causes secretion of gastric acid and pepsin when it binds with H2 receptors in the mucosal parietal cells. When blocked, acid secretion is blocked. Indications * Short term treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers, * GERD, * Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, * hypersecretion of stomach acid conditions, * chronic NSAID/ASA use * GI distress Nursing considerations * Monitor CBC and kidney function * Can be given with meals * Peak absorption of famotidine is within 2-3 hrs * Famotidine is available OTC in lower strengths than prescription dosages. Teach clients to only take as directed and only for a short duration. * Famotidine is less likely to interact with other drugs like cimetidine and ranitidine do so it is the drug of choice when clients are on multiple drugs like phenytoin and warfarin with therapeutic/toxic levels

Answer 17

Class: Disaccharide sulfates Indications * Short-term treatment of duodenal or gastric ulcers, * peptic esophagitis, * NSAID/ASA-induced GI damage Action * Promotes healing of ulcers by providing a barrier over them. It creates a paste when exposed to hydrochloric acid and binds to proteins that are excreted by damaged cells in ulcerated tissue. Nursing considerations · Take on an empty stomach 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals and at bedtime; often given up to 4 times a day · Don’t give within 30 min of antacids as they can decrease the effectiveness of sucralfate · Use caution giving antacids containing aluminum to clients with kidney failure due to aluminum toxicity · Monitor blood sugar in diabetics as sucralfate contains sucrose * Can decrease the bioavailability of warfarin, digoxin, and phenytoin, levothyroxine, and several classes of ABX - separate these drugs from sucralfate for at least 2 hours

Pharmacology Flashcards

(41 cards)