Pharmacology Flashcards
(22 cards)
PPI mechanism?
blockade of the H+/K+ ATPase on the gastric parietal cell
Side effects of PPI
Hyponatraemia
Hypomagnesia
Increased risk of fractures with long term use
Oral to subcut morphine conversion?
divide by 2
ie - 10mg oramorph QDS = 5mg S/C morphine QDS
How is breakthrough morphine dose calculated?
1/6 of total daily morphine dose
codeine to morphine conversion (both oral)?
divide by 10
tramadol to morphine (oral) conversion?
divide by 10
oral morphine to oral Oxy conversion?
divide by 1.5-2
Benzo mechanism?
enhance the effect of GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter)
max time benzos should be prescribed for?
2-4 weeks (risk of tolerance and dependence)
how to wean benzos?
convert to equivalent dose of diazepam (longer lasting) and reduced dose by 1/8 every 2 weeks
side effects of SSRIs?
increased anxiety/low mood to start with - can have increased suicidal ideation
hyponatraemia
GI symptoms
Citalopram can prolong QT
common interactions with SSRIs?
NSAIDs (increased GI bleed risk)
Warfarin
Aspirin
Triptans
mechanism of typical antipsychotics?
D2 receptor antagonists
mechanism of atypical antipsychotics?
D2/D3/D4/5-HT receptor antagonists
examples of typical antipsychotics?
haloperidol
chlorpromazine
examples of atypical antipsychotics?
risperidone
olanzapine
clozapine
examples of extra-pyramidal side effects
acute dystonia (inc. torticolis and oculogyric crisis)
akithesia
tardive dyskinesia
parkinsonism
how is acute dystonia managed?
procyclidine
other side effects of antipsychotics?
extra-pyramidal side effects
anti-muscarinic
sedation
weight gain
long QT
raised prolactin
impaired glucose tolerance
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
examples of quinolone abx?
ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
side effects of quinolones?
tendonitis/rupture (esp achilles)
QT prolongation
reduced seizure threshold in epilepsy
cartilage damage in kids
when should quinolones be avoided>
pregnancy/breastfeeding
G6PD deficiency
