Pharmacology

Question 1

Beta blocker suffix

Answer 1

olol

Question 2

CCB suffix

Answer 2

apine

Question 3

ACEi suffix

Answer 3

pril

Question 4

What class of anti-arrhythmic drug is a BB

Answer 4

Class II

Question 5

What class of anti-arrhythmic drug is a CCB

Answer 5

Class IV

Question 6

BB drug action type

Answer 6

Beta receptor antagonist

Question 7

BB effect

Answer 7

Inhibit sympathetic stimulation of heart

Dec HR
Dec force of contraction

Therefore, dec. cardiac demand for O2.

Can also cause dec PVR & inhibit renin release

Question 8

BB SEs

Answer 8

Bronchoconstriction
Fatigue
Coldness of extremities
Impotence
Sleep disturbances

Question 9

BB Contraindications

Answer 9

Uncontrolled HF
Asthma
Sick sinus syndrome

Question 10

CCB effect

Answer 10

Inhibits voltage gate Ca2+ channels in heart and smooth muscle of arterioles

Inhibit Ca2+ entry at SAN & AVN - Dec HR

Smooth muscle dilation- Dec BP& dilates coronary vessels in angina

Question 11

CCB SEs

Answer 11

bradycardia
hypotension
worsen HF
ankle swelling**
Verapamil can cause constipation

Question 12

Statin effect

Answer 12

Inhibit cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase

Question 13

Statin SEs

Answer 13

Headaches
GI disturbance
Hepatotoxicity
Hyperglycaemia

Question 14

Statin contraindications

Answer 14

Pregnancy
Breastfeeding
Liver disease

Do not prescribe w/ CYP 3A4 inhibitors e.g. macrolides

Question 15

When are cardiac glycosides used?

Answer 15

in A Fib

Question 16

Cardiac glycoside effect

Answer 16

Inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase - inc intracellular Ca2+ conc.

Also inc vagal activity - dec HR

Question 17

Cardiac glycoside SEs

Answer 17

inc vagal activity - arrhythmia, conduction disturbances
GI upset
Dizziness
Blurred vision
Gynaecomastia (long term use)

Question 18

Corticosteroid (inhaled) effect

Answer 18

Dec proliferation of T cells, mast cells, and eosinophils
Dec mucus production & cytokine production
Relaxes smooth muscle

Question 19

Corticosteroid (inhaled) SEs

Answer 19

Suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Hoarse voice
Inc risk of oral thrush
Common steroid effects (e.g. HTN, weight gain, etc.)

Question 20

LTRA effect

Answer 20

Inhibit the breakdown of LTA4 into other inflammatory compounds

Therefore, don not get as much bronchoconstriction

Question 21

LTRA SEs

Answer 21

Liver impairment with elevated LFTs
Depressed mood and suicidal thoughts

Question 22

B2-adrenoreceptor antagonists SEs

Answer 22

Muscle tremors and nervousness
Palpitations (due to B1 activity)
Hypokalaemia

Question 23

M3 muscarinic antagonist effect

Answer 23

Antagonise ACh on M3 - stops bronchoconstriction& inhibits bronchial secretions

Question 24

M3 muscarinic antagonist SEs

Answer 24

Anticholinergic effects - dry eyes and mouth, drowsiness, and constipation

Worsen glaucoma

Urine retention

Question 25

Beta 2 adrenergic receptor responsibilities

Answer 25

Bronchodilation Vasodilation GI relaxation

Question 26

Beta 1 adrenergic receptor responsibilities

Answer 26

Inc HR Inc renin

Question 27

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor responsibilities

Answer 27

Vasoconstriction GI smooth muscle contraction Ejaculation Gland secretion

Question 28

Alpha 2 adrenergic receptor responsibilities

Answer 28

Dec insulin Vasoconstriction Platelet aggregation

Question 29

ACEi effect

Answer 29

Inhibits ACE Stops breakdown of bradykinin Results in venodilation & natriuresis (helps dec cardiac preload & afterload)

Question 30

ACEi SEs

Answer 30

Hypotension Renal impairment & hyperkalaemia Persistent dry cough (due to bradykinIn buildup) Angioedema

Question 31

ACEi contraindications

Answer 31

Pregnancy Breastfeeding

Question 32

PPI suffix

Answer 32

azole

Question 33

PPI effect

Answer 33

Inhibits parietal cell H+/K+-ATPase proton pump

Question 34

PPI SEs

Answer 34

Hyponatraemia Hypomagnesaemia Osteoporosis C.Diff infections

Question 35

H2 antagonist suffix

Answer 35

tidine

Question 36

H2 antagonist effect

Answer 36

Block histamine H2 receptor on parietal cells Therefore Dec GA

Question 37

H2 antagonist SEs

Answer 37

Headache GI disturbances

Question 38

Antacids (sodium bicarb) SEs

Answer 38

Fluid retention Alter bioavailability of other drugs