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Year 3 Pathologies > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Examples, coverage, MOA and uses of Aminoglycosides

A
  • Streptomycin and Gentamicin
  • Gram neg
  • Inhibits protein synthesis (30s)
  • Bacteraemia, abdominal infections
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2
Q

Examples, coverage, MOA and uses of Cephalosporins

A
  • Ceftriaxone, Cefepime
  • Gram pos + neg
  • Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • Skin, urinary, resp. infections
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3
Q

Examples, coverage, MOA and uses of Tetracyclines

A
  • Tetracycline, doxycycline
  • Gram pos + neg
  • Inhibit protein synthesis (30s)
  • Lyme disease, PID, STIs
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4
Q

Examples, coverage, MOA and uses of Penicillins

A
  • Ampicillin and amoxicillin
  • Gram pos + neg
  • Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • ENT, skin, urinary infections
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5
Q

Examples, coverage, MOA and uses of Sulfonamides

A
  • Sulfasalazine, Sulfamethoxazole
  • Gram pos + neg
  • Inhibit folate synthesis
  • UTIs, burns, eye infections
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6
Q

Examples, coverage, MOA and uses of Fluoroquinolones

A
  • Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
  • Gram pos + neg
  • Inhibit DNA replication
  • Resp. and Urinary infections
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7
Q

Examples, coverage, MOA and uses of Macrolides

A
  • Azithromycin, erythromycin
  • Gram pos
  • Inhibit protein synthesis (50s)
  • Pneumonia, sinus, ENTs, STIs
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8
Q

Examples, coverage, MOA and uses of Carbapenems

A
  • Meropenem, Ertapenem
  • Gram pos + neg
  • Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • Urinary, abdominal infections
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9
Q

Examples, coverage, MOA and uses of Lincosamides

A
  • Clindamycin
  • Gram neg
  • Inhibit protein wall synthesis (50s)
  • Skin, bone, lung infections
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10
Q

Examples, coverage, MOA and uses of Glycopeptides

A
  • Vancomycin
  • Gram pos
  • Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • MRSA, skin, endocarditis
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11
Q

Adverse effects of ACEi

A

Prevents breakdown of bradykinin = inc. bradykinin = dry cough

Can cause hyperkalaemia

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12
Q

Adverse effects of Thiazide Diuretics

A

Inhibit NaCl symporter in DCT

Can cause Gout, Hypokalaemia, Hyponatraemia

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13
Q

Adverse effects of CCB

A

Decrease vascular tone

Can cause ankle oedema, flushing and headaches

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14
Q

Adverse effects of Beta-blockers

A

Can cause Bronchospasm especially if prescribed with verapamil or adenosine

Contraindicated in asthmatics

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15
Q

Adverse effects of Adenosine

A

First line in Haemodynamically stable SVT

Can cause bradycardia and asystole

Contraindicated in hypotension, coronary ischaemia and decomp HF
Avoid in asthma and COPD can induce bronchospasm

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16
Q

Adverse effects of Adrenaline

A

Can cause anxiety, tremor, headache and palpitations
Can precipitate angina, MI and arrhythmias
With BBs can induce widespread vasoconstriction

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17
Q

Adverse effects of Fibrinolytics (Alterplase, streptokinase)

A

Can cause N+V, bruising and hypotension
Severe = bleeding, allergic reaction, cardiogenic shock and arrest
Contraindicated if predisposed to bleeding or on anticoagulants/antiplatelets

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18
Q

Adverse effects of Naloxone

A

Can cause pain, restlessness, N+V, dilated pupils and cold, dry skin

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19
Q

Adverse effects of Metformin

A

Can cause GI upset and lactic acidosis
Stopped when eGFR less than 30 and use with caution is less than 45

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20
Q

Adverse effects of Sulfonyureas

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A

Can cause hypoglycaemia and weight gain
Can cause oxidative stress and precipitate intravascular haemolytic episode in patients with G6PD deficiency

21
Q

Adverse effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors

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A

UTIs and Fournier’s gangrene
Normoglycaemic ketoacidosis
Increased risk of lower-limb amputation
Weight loss

22
Q

Adverse effects of GLP-1 mimetics

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A

Weight loss
Can cause N+V and linked to pancreatitis

23
Q

Adverse effects of DPP-4 inhibitors

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A

No real side effects

24
Q

Adverse effects of Thiazolidinedione

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A

Pioglitazone can cause fluid retention and contraindicated with HF

25
Adverse effects of Aminosalicylates
Sulphasalazine and mesalazine Can cause agranulocytosis - sudden onset rigors, fever and sore throat FBC most important to investigate
26
Adverse effects of NSAIDs
Can cause stomach ulcers
27
Adverse effects of PPIs
Hyponatraemia, hypomagnasaemia Osteoperosis = inc. risk of fractures Microscopic colitis Inc. risk of C.diff
28
Adverse effects of Rifampicin
Can cause hepatitis, orange tears and urine Linked with acute interstitial nephritis Flu-like symptoms
29
Adverse effects of Isoniazid
Can cause peripheral neuropathy (present with pyroxidine (B6)) Hepatitis, agranulocytosis Drug-induced lupus Liver enzyme inhibitor
30
Adverse effects of Pyrazinamide
Hyperuricaemia causing gout Arthalgia, myalgia, hepatitis
31
Adverse effects of Ethambutol
Optic neuritis - check acuity before and after treatment Dose needs adjusting in patient with renal impairment
32
Adverse effects of Amoxicllin
Rash with infectious mononucleosis
33
Adverse effects of Co-amoxiclav
Cholestasis
34
Adverse effects of Flucloxacillin
Cholestasis (several weeks after use)
35
Adverse effects of Erythromycin
GI upset Prolongs QT interval
36
Adverse effects of Ciprofloxacin
Lowers seizure threshold Tendinitis
37
Adverse effects of Metronidazole
Reaction following alcohol ingestion
38
Adverse effects of Doxycycline
Photosensitivity
39
Adverse effects of Trimethoprim
Rashes, including photosensitivity Pruritis Suppression of haematopoesis
40
Features and management of BB overdose
Bradycardia, hypotension, HF, syncope Atropine if bradycardia and in resistant cases glucagon may be used
41
Features and management TCA overdose
Dry mouth, dilated pupils, agitation, sinus tachycardia, blurred vision Severe = arrhythmia, seizures, metabolic acidosis, coma IV bicarbonate and other drugs for arrhythmias
42
Features and management Paracetamol overdose
RUQ pain, vomiting, hepatomegaly, liver failure if >72hrs Activated charcoal if < 1h N-acetylcysteine <8hrs post ingestion : paracetamol conc. and plot on normogram >8hrs : commence NAC and plot normogram
43
Features and management of Aspirin overdose
Tinnitus, deafness, dizziness, hyperpnoea, hyperthermia + sweating N+V diarrhoea Late = hypotension, heart block, pulmonary oedema, low GCS, seizures Supportive care, ICU admission if severe, GI tract decontamination with charcoal
44
Features and management Opiate overdose
Reduced consciousness, resp. depression, miosis, bradycardia, hypotension, coma, pinpoint pupils CPR, ALS if arrested, IV naloxone Ventilation and IV naloxone
45
Anti-platelet therapy for ACS
1st line : Aspirin (lifelong) and ticagrelor (12m) 2nd line : if aspirin contraindicated = clopidogrel lifelong
46
Anti-platelet therapy for PCI
Aspirin lifelong and prasugrel or ticagrelor 12m If aspirin contraindicated clopidogrel lifelong
47
Anti-platelet therapy for TIA
Clopidogrel lifelong 2nd line = aspirin lifelong and dipyridamole lifelong
48
Anti-platelet therapy for Ischaemic Stroke
Clopidogrel lifelong 2nd line = aspirin lifelong and dipyridamole lifelong
49
Anti-platelet therapy for Peripheral Arterial Disease
Clopidogrel lifelong 2nd line = aspirin lifelong

Year 3 Pathologies (17 decks)

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