Pharmacology Flashcards
(17 cards)
Pharmacology
A healthy, functional cardiovascular system ensures adequate blood circulation and efficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body. When any part of the cardiovascular system malfunctions or becomes diseased, drug therapy plays an integral role in establishing and maintaining perfusion and homeostasis.
Medications treat a variety of cardiovascular conditions, including angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure (HF), arrhythmias, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and vascular disorders. (See Table 8-2.) Many cardiovascular drugs treat multiple problems simultaneously.
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
ăn-jē-ō-TĔN-sĭn ĔN-zīm ĭn-HĬB-ĭ-tōrs
Lower blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I (an inactive enzyme) to angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor)
ACE inhibitors treat hypertension alone or with other agents and aid in the management of heart failure.
benazepril
bĕn- Ā-ză-prĭl
Lotensin
lisinopril
lī-SĬN-ō-prĭl
Prinivil, Zestril
angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
Lower blood pressure by blocking the angiotensin II enzyme from causing vasoconstriction
losartan
lō-SĂR-tăn
Cozaar
valsartan
văl-SĂR-tăn
Diovan
antiarrhythmics
ăn-tē-ă-RĬTH-mĭks
Prevent, alleviate, or correct cardiac arrhythmias (dysrhythmias) by stabilizing the electrical conduction of the heart
Antiarrhythmics help treat atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.
amiodarone
ă-mē-Ō-dă-rōn
Cordarone
digoxin
dī-JŎX-ĭn
Lanoxin
anticoagulants
ăn-t ĭ-kō-ĂG-ū-lăntz
Inhibit the body’s natural coagulation response to prevent the formation of clots in blood vessels
Clots can embolize, or travel, to vital organs and cause heart attacks or strokes.
warfarin
WĂR-fa-rĭn
Coumadin
dabigatran
dă-BĪG-ă-trăn
Pradaxa
beta blockers
B Ā-tă
Block the effect of adrenaline, which slows nerve pulses through the heart, causing a decrease in heart rate
Beta blockers are prescribed for hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias (dysrhythmias).
atenolol
ă-TĔN-ō-lŏl
Tenormin
metoprolol
mĕ-TŌ-prō-lŏl
Lopressor, Toprol-XL
calcium channel blockers
K ĂL-sē-ŭm
Block movement of calcium (required for blood vessel contraction) into myocardial cells and arterial walls, causing heart rate and blood pressure to decrease
Calcium channel blockers help treat angina pectoris, hypertension, arrhythmias, and heart failure.
amlodipine
ăm-LŌ-dĭ-pēn
Norvasc
diltiazem
dĭl-TĪ-ă-zĕm
Cardizem CD
nifedipine
nī-FĔD-ĭ-pēn
Adalat CC, Procardia
diuretics
dī-ū-RĔT-ĭks
Act on kidneys to increase excretion of water and sodium
Diuretics reduce fluid buildup in the body, including fluid in the lungs, a common symptom of heart failure. Diuretics also help treat hypertension.
furosemide
fū-RŌ-sĕ-mīd
Lasix
hydrochlorothiazide
hī-drō-klō-rō-THĪ-a-zīd
Hydrodiuril
nitrates
NĪ-trāts
Dilate blood vessels of the heart, causing an increase in the amount of oxygen delivered to the myocardium, and widen blood vessels of the body, allowing more blood flow to the heart
Nitrate administration can be sublingual as a spray or tablet, oral as a tablet, transdermal as a patch, topical as an ointment, or intravenous in an emergency setting.
nitroglycerin
nī-trō-GLĬS-ĕr-ĭn
Nitrolingual, Nitrogard, Nitrostat
isosorbide mononitrate
ī-sō-SŌR-bīd mŏn-ō-NĪ-trāt
Imdur
statins
STĂ-tĭnz
Lower cholesterol in the blood and reduce its production in the liver by blocking the enzyme that produces it
A combination of Vytorin, a statin drug, with a cholesterol absorption inhibitor not only lowers cholesterol in the blood and reduces its production in the liver but also decreases absorption of dietary cholesterol from the intestine.
atorvastatin
ăh-tor-vă-STĂ-tĭn
Lipitor
simvastatin
SĬM-vă-stă-tĭn
Zocor
simvastatin and ezetimibe
SĬM-vă-stă-tĭn, ĕ-ZĔ-tĭ-mīb
Vytorin
AAA abdominal aortic aneurysm HTN hypertension
ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme (inhibitor) ICD implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
AED automated external defibrillator LA left atrium
AICD automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator LV left ventricle
ARB angiotensin receptor blocker MI myocardial infarction
AV atrioventricular; arteriovenous MPI myocardial perfusion imaging
BP, B/P blood pressure MRA magnetic resonance angiogram, magnetic resonance angiography
CA cancer; cardiac arrest; chronological age MRI magnetic resonance imaging
CABG coronary artery bypass graft MUGA scan multiple-gated acquisition scan
CAD coronary artery disease MVP mitral valve prolapse
CC cardiac catheterization O2 oxygen
CK creatine kinase (cardiac enzyme); conductive keratoplasty PAD peripheral artery disease
CO2 carbon dioxide PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
CV cardiovascular RA right atrium
DVT deep vein thrombosis, deep venous thrombosis RHD rheumatic heart disease
ECG, EKG electrocardiogram, electrocardiography RV residual volume; right ventricle
ECHO echocardiogram, echocardiography; echoencephalogram, echoencephalography SA, S-A sinoatrial
EPS electrophysiology studies SPECT single photon emission computed tomography
HF heart failure US ultrasound
Hg mercury
