Pharmacology Flashcards
(20 cards)
Define pharmacology…
Study of drug action & interactions between living organisms & chemical effects of normal & abnormal biochemical function
Define pharmacokinetics…
drug metabolism (what body does to drug)
Define pharmocodynamics…
drug effets on body (what drug does to body)
A drug is…
man-made substance exerts biochemical and/or physiological effect on cell, tissue, organ or organism
Define therapeutic index…
comparison of drug that causes therapeutic effect to amount that causes death
What is ED50?
minimum effective dose for 50% of population
What is LD50?
minimum lethal dose for 50% of pop’n
Define bioavailability… IV admin =?
amount of substance (drug ) animal exposed to & actual amount reaching systemic circulation
IV admin = 100% bioavailability
Bioavailability depends on…?
formulation, solubility, interactions with other compounds, individual animal
Other admin routes…
IM, IV, sub. cut., sublingual, rectal, nasal, intravaginal…
Define bioequivalence… eg…
2 drugs, same active ingredients, same dosage form, route of admin, same effect on body
eg. Melocixam vs Metacam
Define Cmax…
max plasma concentration of drug (peak of plot on graph)
Define AUC… What is AUC dependent on?
Area Under the Concentration-time Curve - measure of total systemic exposure
Dependent on dose administered & the drug’s elimination
Define distribution phase (alpha phase)…
[ ] before peak showing how quickly drug enters systemic circulation
Define elimination phase (beta phase)…
[ ] after peak showing how quickly drug is eliminated from body
Define half life of a drug…
duration of action of drug - time taken for the plasma drug [ ] to fall by a half
What are drug residues? Implications..?
Very small amounts of drug remaining in animal products -> food chain.
eg. ABs -> resistance, side effects
WHP…
Witholding Periods - minimum time which must elapse between last administration/application of pesticide/drug & slaughter, collection, harvesting, use of animal comodity for human consumption
Define period of detection…
Control of prohibited substances via medical ‘periods’ for drug detection in performance animals so they can perform “on own merits”
What is a prohibited substance?
Prohibited substance as enforced by the FEI
