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Renal II pharm > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

acetazolamide

A

CA inhibitor
MOA: inhibits CA in PCT
Cause: diuresis, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia
**RARELY used as antiHTN
Uses: glaucoma, altitude sickness, metabolic alkalosis

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2
Q

brinzolamide

A

CA inhibitor, TOPICAL
MOA: inhibits CA in PCT
Cause: diuresis, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia
**RARELY used as antiHTN
Uses: glaucoma, altitude sickness, metabolic alkalosis

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3
Q

dorzolamide

A

CA inhibitor, TOPICAL
MOA: inhibits CA in PCT
Cause: diuresis, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia
**RARELY used as antiHTN
Uses: glaucoma, altitude sickness, metabolic alkalosis

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4
Q

methazolamide

A

CA inhibitor
MOA: inhibits CA
Cause: diuresis, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia
**RARELY used as antiHTN
Uses: glaucoma, altitude sickness, metabolic alkalosis

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5
Q

bumetanide

A

loop diuretic, SULFA
MOA: inhibit NKCC2 in TAL
Causes: diuresis, hyponatermia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesia, hypokalemia
Uses: edema, heart failure, HTN, ARF, anion overdose, hypercalcemia

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6
Q

ethacrynic acid

A

loop diuretic, NON-SULFA
MOA: inhibit NKCC2 in TAL
Causes: diuresis, hyponatermia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesia, hypokalemia
Uses: edema, heart failure, HTN, ARF, anion overdose, hypercalcemia

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7
Q

furosemide

A

loop diuretic, SULFA
MOA: inhibit NKCC2 in TAL
Causes: diuresis, hyponatermia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesia, hypokalemia
Uses: edema, heart failure, HTN, ARF, anion overdose, hypercalcemia

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8
Q

bendroflumethiazide

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption, hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

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9
Q

chlorothiazide

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption, hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

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10
Q

chlorthalidone

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption, hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

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11
Q

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption,hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

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12
Q

hydroflumethiazide

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption, hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

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13
Q

indapamide

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption,hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

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14
Q

methylclothiazide

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption, hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

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15
Q

metolazone

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption, hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

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16
Q

polythiazide

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption, hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

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17
Q

trichlormethiazide

A

thiazide diuretic
MOA: inhibits NCC in DCT
Causes: diuresis, increase Ca2+ reaborption, hypokalemia
Uses: HTN, MILD heart failure, kidney stones, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
**can cause hyperglycemia —-> caution in DM pts

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18
Q

eperenone

A

K sparing diuretic
mineralocorticoid antagonist, GREATER SELECTIVITY
MOA: block aldosterone nuclear receptor
**cross reacts w/ androgen receptor –> antiandrogenic effects
Uses: hyperaldosteronism, antiandrogenic uses, combo w/ K wasting diuretics
**does NOT need to access luminal membrane

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19
Q

spironolactone

A

K sparing diuretic
mineralocorticoid antagonist
MOA: block aldosterone nuclear receptor
**cross reacts w/ androgen receptor –> antiandrogenic effects
Uses: hyperaldosteronism, antiandrogenic uses, combo w/ K wasting diuretics
**does NOT need to access luminal membrane

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20
Q

amiloride

A

ENaC inhibitor

Uses: combo w/ K wasting diuretics, Li induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

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21
Q

triamterene

A

ENaC inhibitor
Uses: combo w/ K wasting diuretics, Li induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
shorter half life than amiloride

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22
Q

mannitol

A

osmotic diuretic
MOA: inc osmotic pressure of filtrate –> inhibits tubular reabsorb
Uses: rapid excretion of toxins, reduction of intracranial/intraoccular press

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23
Q

isosorbide

A

osmotic diuretic
MOA: inc osmotic pressure of filtrate –> inhibits tubular reabsorb
Uses: rapid excretion of toxins, reduction of intracranial/intraoccular press

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24
Q

conivaptan

A

ADH antagonist
admin parenterally
MOA: V1 and V2 antagonist in CCT
Uses: SIADH, heart failure

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25
Q

tolvaptan

A

ADH antagonist
admin orally
MOA: V2 antagonist in CCT
Uses: SIADH, heart failure

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26
Q

amlodipine

A

CCB, DHP
MOA: arteriolar vasodilation –> dec TPR
Uses: HTN, HTN emergencies, angina

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27
Q

clevidipine

A

CCB, DHP
MOA: arteriolar vasodilation –> dec TPR
Uses: HTN, HTN emergencies, angina

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28
Q

felodipine

A

CCB, DHP
MOA: arteriolar vasodilation –> dec TPR
Uses: HTN, HTN emergencies, angina

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29
Q

isradipine

A

CCB, DHP
MOA: arteriolar vasodilation –> dec TPR
Uses: HTN, HTN emergencies, angina

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30
Q

nicardipine

A

CCB, DHP
MOA: arteriolar vasodilation –> dec TPR
Uses: HTN, HTN emergencies, angina

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31
Q

nifedipine

A

CCB, DHP
MOA: arteriolar vasodilation –> dec TPR
Uses: HTN, HTN emergencies, angina

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32
Q

nisoldipine

A

CCB, DHP
MOA: arteriolar vasodilation –> dec TPR
Uses: HTN, HTN emergencies, angina

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33
Q

diltiazem

A

CCB, non-DHP
MOA: neg inotropic effect, arteriolar vasodilation –> dec TPR
Uses: HTN, HTN emergencies, angina
** do NOT use w/ beta blockers

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34
Q

verapamil

A

CCB, non-DHP
MOA: neg inotropic effect, arteriolar vasodilation –> dec TPR
Uses: HTN, HTN emergencies, angina
** do NOT use w/ beta blockers

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35
Q

diazoxide

A

K channel opener
Causes: arteriolar vasodilation
not used due to adverse effects

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36
Q

minoxidil

A

K channel opener
Rogaine
Causes: arteriolar dilation –> severe HTN, baldness
Adverse: HA, sweating, hypertrichosis, reflex tachycardia/edema (MUST be used w/ beta blockers and diuretic)

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37
Q

fendoldopam

A 
dopamine agonist
Causes: inc RBF
Uses: HTN emergencies, post-op HTN
Adverse: tachycardia, HA, flushing 
**do NOT use in glaucoma pts
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38
Q

hydralazine

A

NO modulator
MOA: dilates art not veins –> releases NO
Uses: HTN in preg, HF, HTN emergencies

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39
Q

nitroprusside

A

NO modulator
MOA: dilates BOTH art and veins –> dec TPR
Adverse: cyanide posioning

40
Q

isosorbide dinitrate

A

NO modulator
MOA: dilates BOTH art and veins –> dec TPR
Adverse: ortho hypotension, syncope, HA

41
Q

nitroglycerin

A

NO modulator
MOA: dilates BOTH art and veins –> dec TPR
Adverse: ortho hypotension, syncope, HA

42
Q

benazepril

A

ACE inhibitor
MOA: inhibit ANG1–>ANG2 and bradykinin degradation
Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events
Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF
**do NOT use is pregnancy
**good for young active HTN pt

43
Q

captopril

A

ACE inhibitor
MOA: inhibit ANG1–>ANG2 and bradykinin degradation
Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events
Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF
**do NOT use is pregnancy
**good for young active HTN pt

44
Q

enalapril

A

ACE inhibitor
MOA: inhibit ANG1–>ANG2 and bradykinin degradation
Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events
Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF
**do NOT use is pregnancy
**good for young active HTN pt

45
Q

enalaprilat

A

ACE inhibitor, IV
MOA: inhibit ANG1–>ANG2 and bradykinin degradation
Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events
Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF
**do NOT use is pregnancy
**good for young active HTN pt

46
Q

fosinopril

A

ACE inhibitor
MOA: inhibit ANG1–>ANG2 and bradykinin degradation
Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events
Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF
**do NOT use is pregnancy
**good for young active HTN pt

47
Q

lisinopril

A

ACE inhibitor
MOA: inhibit ANG1–>ANG2 and bradykinin degradation
Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events
Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF
**do NOT use is pregnancy
**good for young active HTN pt

48
Q

moexipril

A

ACE inhibitor
MOA: inhibit ANG1–>ANG2 and bradykinin degradation
Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events
Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF
**do NOT use is pregnancy
**good for young active HTN pt

49
Q

perindopril

A

ACE inhibitor
MOA: inhibit ANG1–>ANG2 and bradykinin degradation
Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events
Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF
**do NOT use is pregnancy
**good for young active HTN pt

50
Q

quinapril

A

ACE inhibitor
MOA: inhibit ANG1–>ANG2 and bradykinin degradation
Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events
Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF
**do NOT use is pregnancy
**good for young active HTN pt

51
Q

ramipril

A

ACE inhibitor
MOA: inhibit ANG1–>ANG2 and bradykinin degradation
Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events
Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF
**do NOT use is pregnancy
**good for young active HTN pt

52
Q

trandolapril

A

ACE inhibitor
MOA: inhibit ANG1–>ANG2 and bradykinin degradation
Uses: HTN, heart failure, L vent dysfxn, prevention of CV events
Adverse: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, ARF
**do NOT use is pregnancy
**good for young active HTN pt

53
Q

azilsartan

A

ARB
Causes: dec contraction of vascular smooth mm, dec aldosterone, dec cardiac hypertrophy
Uses: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, prevention of CV events
**do NOT use during pregnancy

54
Q

candesartan

A

ARB
Causes: dec contraction of vascular smooth mm, dec aldosterone, dec cardiac hypertrophy
Uses: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, prevention of CV events
**do NOT use during pregnancy

55
Q

eprosartan

A

ARB
Causes: dec contraction of vascular smooth mm, dec aldosterone, dec cardiac hypertrophy
Uses: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, prevention of CV events
**do NOT use during pregnancy

56
Q

irbesartan

A

ARB
Causes: dec contraction of vascular smooth mm, dec aldosterone, dec cardiac hypertrophy
Uses: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, prevention of CV events
**do NOT use during pregnancy

57
Q

losartan

A

ARB
Causes: dec contraction of vascular smooth mm, dec aldosterone, dec cardiac hypertrophy
Uses: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, prevention of CV events
**do NOT use during pregnancy

58
Q

olmesartan

A

ARB
Causes: dec contraction of vascular smooth mm, dec aldosterone, dec cardiac hypertrophy
Uses: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, prevention of CV events
**do NOT use during pregnancy

59
Q

telmisartan

A

ARB
Causes: dec contraction of vascular smooth mm, dec aldosterone, dec cardiac hypertrophy
Uses: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, prevention of CV events
**do NOT use during pregnancy

60
Q

valsartan

A

ARB
Causes: dec contraction of vascular smooth mm, dec aldosterone, dec cardiac hypertrophy
Uses: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, prevention of CV events
**do NOT use during pregnancy

61
Q

Clonidine

A

centrally acting A2 agonist
Causes: reduced sympathetic outflow –> dec BP
**abrupt withdrawl can lead to rebound HTN due to extremely high levels of NE in system

62
Q

propranolol

A

non-sel B blocker

Causes: dec HR, dec renin release

63
Q

aliskiren

A

renin inhibitor

**do NOT use in pregnancy

64
Q

acebutolol

A

beta 1 blocker
Cause: dec HR, dec renin release
Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias
Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma

65
Q

atenolol

A

beta 1 blocker
Cause: dec HR, dec renin release
Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias
Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma

66
Q

betaxolol

A

beta 1 blocker
Cause: dec HR, dec renin release
Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias
Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma

67
Q

bisoprolol

A

beta 1 blocker
Cause: dec HR, dec renin release
Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias
Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma

68
Q

carteolol

A

beta blocker
Cause: dec HR, bronchoconstriction, dec renin release
Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias
Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma

69
Q

carvedilol

A

non-sel beta blocker, alpha 1 blocker
Cause: dec HR, bronchoconstriction, dec renin release, vasodilation
Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias
Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma

70
Q

esmolol

A

beta 1 blocker
Cause: dec HR, dec renin release
Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias
Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma

71
Q

labetalol

A

non-sel beta blocker, alpha 1 blocker, B2 agonist
Cause: dec HR, bronchodilation, dec renin release, vasodilation
Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias
Uses: IV for severe HTN, HTN during pregnancy

72
Q

metoprolol

A

beta 1 blocker
Cause: dec HR, dec renin release
Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias
Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma

73
Q

nadolol

A

beta blocker
Cause: dec HR, bronchoconstriction, dec renin release
Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias
Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma

74
Q

nebivolol

A

beta 1 blocker, B3 agonist
Cause: dec HR, dec renin release
Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias
Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma

75
Q

penbutolol

A

beta blocker
Cause: dec HR, bronchoconstriction, dec renin release
Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias
Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma

76
Q

pindolol

A

beta blocker
Cause: dec HR, bronchoconstriction, dec renin release
Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias
Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma

77
Q

timolol

A

beta blocker
Cause: dec HR, bronchoconstriction, dec renin release
Contraindication: asthma/COPD, diabetes, arrythmias
Uses: HTN, HF, ischemic heart dis, glaucoma

78
Q

doxazosin

A

A1 blocker

79
Q

prazosin

A

A1 blocker

primarily used for men w/ HTN and BPH

80
Q

terazosin

A

A1 blocker

81
Q

guanabenz

A

centrally acting A2 agonist

82
Q

guanfacine

A

centrally acting A2 agonist

83
Q

methyldopa

A

centrally acting A2 agonist

PREGNANCY

84
Q

What drugs (2) are most effective for acute management of severe HTN in a pregnant woman?

A

labetalol (IV)

hydralazine

85
Q

What drug is most effective for long term oral therapy in a pregnant woman?

A

methyldopa

86
Q

What drug classes should you absolutely NOT use in a pregnant women w/ HTN?

A

ACE inhibitors (fetal renal/cardiac probs)
ARBs (fetal renal/cardiac probs)
direct renin inhibitors (fetal renal/cardiac probs)
nitroprusside (fetal cyanide posioning w/in hrs)

87
Q

What is the most effective drug in HTN emergencies?

A

sodium nitroprusside

88
Q

What drugs would you give pre-op for removal of a pheochromocytoma?

A
  1. phentolamine (A blocker)

2. esmolol (B blocker)

89
Q

What drug classes are most effective in black pts w/ HTN?

A

thiazide diuretics

CCBs

90
Q

Why does the diuretic effect of CA inhibitors dec after several days?

A

HCO3 depletion leads to enhanced NaCl reabsorption by the rest of the nephron

91
Q

What class of drugs can cause dose related ototoxicity?

A

CAIs

92
Q

Which is the longest acting thiazide diuretic (longest half life)?

A

chlorthalidone

it is also the only thiazide given parenterally

93
Q

what are some common diuretic combos?

A

loop + thiazide

K sparing + loop/thiazide

94
Q

Which diuretics are usually used to tx HTN?

A

thiazide

95
Q

Which diuretics are usually used to tx nephrolithiasis?

A

thiazide b/c they enhance Ca reabsorption

96
Q

Which diuretics are usually used to tx hypercalcemia?

A

loop b/c they reduce Ca reabsorption

97
Q

Which diuretics are usually used to tx polydipsia/polyuria?

A

thiazide

Renal II pharm (1 decks)

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