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Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

Methylphenidate

A

Ritalin, Concerta

Stimulant; transporter blocker; blocks reuptake of DA and NE

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2
Q

dexmethylphenidate

A

Focalin

Stimulant; transporter blocker; blocks reuptake of DA and NE

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3
Q

dextroamphetamine

A

Dexedrine

Stimulant; Transporter reverser; reverses DA, NE transporters

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4
Q

lisdexamfetamine

A

Vyvanse

Prodrug of dextroamphetamine

Stimulant; Transporter reverser; reverses DA, NE transporters

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5
Q

mixed amphetamine salts

A

Adderall

Stimulant; Transporter reverser; reverses DA, NE transporters

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6
Q

atomoxetine

A

Non-Stimulant ADHD medication

blocks reuptake of NE only, not as effective as stimulants. Can block growth.

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7
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Anticonvulsant

Blocks Na+ channels; prevents action potentials.

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8
Q

Phenytoin

A

Anticonvulsant

Blocks Na+ channels; prevents action potentials.

Can become very toxic. Variable elimination and dosing between patients.

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9
Q

topiramate

A

Anticonvulsant

Blocks Na+ channels; prevents action potentials.

Also acts at GABAa receptors (Cl- Channels)

Can also be used for migraine prophylaxis

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10
Q

lamotrigine

A

Anticonvulsant

Blocks Na+ channels; prevents action potentials.

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11
Q

zonisamide

A

Anticonvulsant

Blocks Na+ channels; prevents action potentials.

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12
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Anticonvulsant

Increases inhibition by acting at GABAa receptors between alpha and gamma subunits

Increases frequency of Cl- channel opening

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13
Q

Barbiturates

A

Anticonvulsant

Increases inhibition by acting at GABAa receptors at Beta subunit

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14
Q

Gabapentin

A

Anticonvulsant

GABA breakdown

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15
Q

Tiagabine

A

Anticonvulsant

Blocks GABA reuptake through Gat-1 transporter

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16
Q

Valproate

A

Anticonvulsant

Blocks Na+ channels; prevents action potentials.

Prevents GABA breakdown

Blocks T-Type Ca2+ channels

Can also be used for Migraine prophylaxis

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17
Q

Ethosuximide

A

Blocks T-Type Ca2+ channels

Used for Absence seizures

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18
Q

Y-hydroxybutyrate

A

GHB, illegal sedative

depresses CNS, interferes with memory

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19
Q

Rohypnol

A

Roofie, illegal sedative

Benzo

depresses CNS, interferes with memory

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20
Q

Nitrites

A

Poppers, Inhalant

vasodilates; used as a sexual enhancer

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21
Q

Phencyclidine

A

Psychedelic, alters sensorium

PCP; NMDA receptor antagonist

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22
Q

Ketamine

A

Psychedelic, alters sensorium

NMDA receptor antagonist

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23
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

Psychedelic, alters sensorium

NMDA receptor antagonist

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24
Q

Lysergic acid diethylamide

A

Psychedelic, alters sensorium

LSD, agonist @ 5-HT2 and 5-HT1a receptors

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25
MDMA
Psychedelic and Psychostimulant, alters sensorium Ecstasy, increases release of 5-HT via transporter reversal
26
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
THC, binds to cannabinoid receptors.
27
Heroin
illegal opioid. produces euphoria and sedation activates mu opioid receptors
28
Morphine
produces euphoria and sedation activates mu opioid receptors
29
Oxycodone
produces euphoria and sedation activates mu opioid receptors
30
Cocaine
Psychostimulant blocks reuptake of DA, NE, 5-HT
31
Methamphetamine
Psychostimulant increases release of DA, NE, 5-HT via transporter reversal
32
Opioid Withdrawal
Nausea, vomiting, sweating, tachycardia, hypertension Won't actually die Treat with Clonidine - alpha-2 receptor agonist Treat with Methadone - long acting mu opioid receptor agonist (given in a clinic) Treat with Buprenorphine - partial mu opioid receptor agonist (given at home) (comes as Subutex or mixed with naloxone (opioid antagonist) to prevent shooting up.
33
Naloxone
Opioid antagonist, used for acute overdose
34
Alcohol withdrawal
Nausea, vomiting, sweating, tachycardia, seizures can actually die. Tx with benzos (short acting like oxazepam are best - oxazepam doesn't need to be cleared by liver) long term management: Disulfuram - blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase which causes a buildup of acetaldehyde which makes you feel crappy if you drink Acamprosate - GABA analog Naltrexone - long acting mu opioid receptor antagonist
35
Varenicline
Chantix partial agonist to nAChRs with greater affinity than nicotine more effective than buproprion can cause or exacerbate psychiatric problems
36
Sedative
Reduces anxiety
37
Hypnotic
Makes you sleepy
38
GABAa receptor agonist
Binds to GABAa receptor (specific for Cl-), increases Cl- concentration and influx which hyper polarizes the neuron
39
Benzos
Binds to GABAa receptor between alpha and gamma subunits Increases frequency of Cl- channel opening low dose = sedative high dose = hypnotic Also can shorten sleep latency safer than the older barbiturates Can block with Flumazenil ``` Short acting (half-life < 6 hrs) triazolam ``` ``` Intermediate acting (half-life 6-24hrs) alprazolam, oxazepam, lorazepam (ativan) ``` ``` Long acting (half-life >24 hrs) chlordiazepoxide, desmethyldiazepam, flurazepam, diazepam ```
40
Chlordiazepoxide
Benzo (binds between alpha and gamma subunits of GABAa receptors) Enhances effects of GABA binding without being an agonist Increases frequency of Cl- channel opening
41
Diazepam
Valium Benzo (binds between alpha and gamma subunits of GABAa receptors) Enhances effects of GABA binding without being an agonist Increases frequency of Cl- channel opening
42
Desmethyldiazepam
Benzo (binds between alpha and gamma subunits of GABAa receptors) Enhances effects of GABA binding without being an agonist Increases frequency of Cl- channel opening
43
flurazepam
Benzo (binds between alpha and gamma subunits of GABAa receptors) Enhances effects of GABA binding without being an agonist Increases frequency of Cl- channel opening
44
triazolam
Benzo (binds between alpha and gamma subunits of GABAa receptors) Enhances effects of GABA binding without being an agonist Increases frequency of Cl- channel opening
45
alprazolam
Xanax Benzo (binds between alpha and gamma subunits of GABAa receptors) Enhances effects of GABA binding without being an agonist Increases frequency of Cl- channel opening
46
Thiopental
Barbiturate Binds to beta subunit of GABAa receptor and increases duration of Cl- channel opening High doses act as agonist
47
Secobarbital
Barbiturate Binds to beta subunit of GABAa receptor and increases duration of Cl- channel opening High doses act as agonist
48
phenobarbital
Barbiturate Binds to beta subunit of GABAa receptor and increases duration of Cl- channel opening High doses act as agonist
49
Tolerance and Dependence of Barbs and Benzos
Benzos - down regulated binding site Barbs - increased metabolism
50
Zolpidem
Shortens Sleep Latency Ambien binds to GABAa alpha-1 subunits Can get amnesia rebound insomnia when coming off it
51
Zaleplon
Shortens Sleep Latency binds to GABAa alpha-1 subunits
52
Eszopiclone
Shortens Sleep Latency binds to GABAa alpha-1 subunits
53
Buspirone
Other Sedative/Hypnotic Mostly anxiolytic agonist of 5-HT1a and DA d2 receptors
54
Ramelteon
Melatonin receptor agonist Can't mix with fluvoxamine (SSRI)
55
Sumatriptan
Migraine Tx activate 5-HT 1D/1B receptors on trigeminal nerve endings and cerebral/meningeal vessels. Also vasoconstricts
56
Ergotamine
Migraine Tx activate 5-HT 1D/1B receptors on trigeminal nerve endings and cerebral/meningeal vessels. Also vasoconstricts
57
Timolol
Migraine Prophylaxis, beta blocker
58
propanolol
Migraine Prophylaxis, beta blocker
59
Opioid Receptors
mu, delta, kappa g-protein coupled receptors ``` Opioid binding effects: analgesia euphoria sedation w/out amnesia respiratory depression cough supression miosis truncal rigidity ```
60
Morphine
Strong opioid mu agonist
61
heroine
illegal strong opioid mu agonist heroine is morphine with 2 acetyl groups added on
62
oxymorphone
derivative of morphine strong opioid mu agonist
63
hydromorphone
Dilaudid derivative of morphine strong opioid mu agonist
64
methadone
strong opioid mu agonist used to wean people off heroine
65
fentanyl
short acting strong opioid mu agonist
66
meperidine
Demerol strong opioid mu agonist Also has antimuscarinic effects and blocks 5-ht reuptake
67
codeine
partial mu agonist
68
oxycodone
mild mu agonist derivative of codeine
69
hydrocodone
mild mu agonist derivative of codeine
70
propoxyphene
mild mu agonist
71
Percocet
(oxycodone + acetaminophen)
72
Percodan
(oxycodone + aspirin)
73
Vicodin/Lortab
(hydrocodone + acetaminophen)
74
Vicoprofen
(hydrocodone + ibuprofen)
75
naloxone
mu opioid receptor antagonist
76
naltrexone
mu opioid receptor antagonist
77
Nalbuphine
strong kappa agonist | mu antagonist
78
Buprenorphine
long acting partial mu agonist
79
Butorphanol
kappa agonist partial mu agonist or antagonist
80
Pentazocine
kappa agonist weak mu antagonist or partial agonist
81
Tramadol
Kind of like meperedine (demerol) weak mu agonist, antimuscarinic, blocks 5-HT reuptake
82
Chlorpromazine
Typical antipsychotic Phenothiazine strong DA D2 receptor antagonist
83
Fluphenazine
Typical antipsychotic Phenothiazine strong DA D2 receptor antagonist
84
thioridizine
Typical antipsychotic Phenothiazine strong DA D2 receptor antagonist
85
Thiothixene
Typical antipsychotic less potent than Phenothiazines strong DA D2 receptor antagonist
86
Haloperidol
Typical antipsychotic more potent than Phenothiazines w/ less side effects strong DA D2 receptor antagonist
87
EPS
D2 blockers disrupt basal ganglia indirect vs direct pathway dopamine stimulation leads to parkinsonian symptoms due to removal of inhibition of indirect pathway Can result in tardive dyskinesia due to unregulated d2 receptors which causes a decrease in indirect pathway stimulation
88
Clozapine
Atypical antipsychotic serotonin-dopamine antagonist also used as a mood stabilizer
89
olanzapine
Atypical antipsychotic serotonin-dopamine antagonist also used as a mood stabilizer
90
quetiapine
Atypical antipsychotic serotonin-dopamine antagonist also used as a mood stabilizer
91
ziprasidone
Atypical antipsychotic serotonin-dopamine antagonist also used as a mood stabilizer
92
risperidone
Atypical antipsychotic serotonin-dopamine antagonist also used as a mood stabilizer
93
aripiprazole
Abilify Atypical antipsychotic serotonin-dopamine antagonist also used as a mood stabilizer
94
asenapine
Atypical antipsychotic serotonin-dopamine antagonist also used as a mood stabilizer
95
Lithium
Bipolar drug depletes PIP2 in cell membranes thus inhibiting the recycling of inositol substrates
96
Phenelzine
irreversible MAOI last resort antidepressant
97
Tranylcypromine
long acting MAOI last resort antidepressant
98
Amitripyline
Tricyclic antidepressant breaks down to nortriptyline which can be given by itself both block NE and 5-HT reuptake lethal in overdose
99
imipramine
Tricyclic antidepressant blocks NE and 5-HT reuptake (desipramine doesn't block 5-HT reuptake) breaks down to desipramine which can be given by itself lethal in overdose
100
Venlafaxine
Effexor SNRI
101
Desvenlafaxine
Pristique SNRI
102
Duloxetine
Cymbalta SNRI
103
selegeline
long acting MAOI last resort antidepressant
104
St Johns Wort
reuptake inhibitor of monoamines, GABA, and glutamate
105
Amoxapine
Blocks NE reuptake and muscarinic receptors Also blocks D2 receptors
106
Maprotiline
Blocks NE reuptake and muscarinic receptors
107
Mirtazapine
Antagonist @ 5-HT2, Alpha 2, and histaminergic receptors
108
Bupropion
blocks DA reuptake | used for smoking cessation
109
Trazodone
5-HT2a antagonist
110
Nefazodone
5-HT2a antagonist
111
Citalopram
SSRI Celexa
112
escitalopram
Lexapro SSRI
113
Fluoxetine
Prozac SSRI
114
sertraline
Zoloft SSRI
115
Paroxetine
Paxil SSRI
116
Fluvoxamine
SSRI
117
Primidone
Barbiturate prodrug of Phenobarbital
118
Thiopental
Barbiturate IV anesthetic fast induction due to low solubility
119
Midazolam
Versed Benzo not for full surgical anesthesia Flumazenil to reverse benzos
120
Flumazenil
blocks benzos
121
Propofol
most popular IV anesthetic | Can induce and maintain anesthesia
122
etomidate
induction but need to give opioid for analgesia
123
ketamine
NMDA receptor antagonist (can cause dissociative effects)
124
Amantadine
Prevents release of infectious viral nucleic acid (influenza) May promote dopamine release from presynaptic fibers or block reuptake of dopamine into presynaptic neurons
125
Benztropine
Exerts anticholinergic and antihistaminic effects; may prolong action of dopamine by inhibiting its reuptake and storage
126
modafinil (Provigil)
stimulant; unknown MOA
127
Ephedrine
Moderate beta-1 & weak alpha effects resulting in alpha- and beta- adrenergic stimulation that increase CO & BP, decrease renal perfusion & variable PVR
128
Pseudoephedrine
Alpha-adrenergic agonist of receptors present in respiratory mucosa, causing vasoconstriction; directly stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors and causes bronchial relaxation, as well as increased heart rate and contractility.
129
Phenylpropylamine
Phenylpropanolamine acts as a potent and selective releasing agent of norepinephrine and epinephrine, or as a norepinephrine releasing agent (NRA). It also acts as a dopamine releasing agent (DRA) to a lesser extent.

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